Paper One 试卷一 （90 minutes）
Part I  Dialogue Communication （10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each）
Section A  Dialogue Completion
Directions: In this section, you will read 2 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. A: Could you get me Extension 6459, please?
B: __________________________
[A] Hello? This is Tom Brown.              [B] Sure. Here you are.
[C] Sorry. The line is engaged.              [D] John Smith’s office. What can I do for you?
2. A: Reservations. How may I help you?
B: ___________________
[A] Ok, my name is David Johnson. My telephone number is 4210888.
[B] Thank you. Could you put me through to 4210888?
[C] I’m afraid you can’t help me. Thank you any way.
[D] I’d like to confirm a room for next Saturday.
3. A: I heard you’ve had your book published. Congratulations!
B: _________．
[A] Don’t mention it. It’s nothing.        
[B] Thank you. I was thinking of giving you a copy.
[C] Thank you for the information.       
[D] It’s very kind of you to do so.
4. A: Sorry, I couldn’t come to the party. I was sick that day.
B: ____________________
[A] It’s OK with me.                     [B] Don’t be sorry, we’ll have another party.
[C] Not at all.                                [D] I don’t care it.
5. Peter: What’s there to do at night?
Clerk: There are clubs, concerts, players and so on. ________!
[A] You name it.                        [B] You find it.
[C] You manage it.                      [D] You make it.

Section B  Dialogue Comprehension
Directions: In this section, you will read 2 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

6. Man: Have you heard it? John has just been promoted again!
Woman: He’s the boss’s blue-eyed boy at the present.
Question：What does the woman mean?
[A] John is the eyesore of his boss now.     [B] John is seriously out of favor in his boss’s eye.
[C] John is often condemned by his boss.    [D] John is the favored person of his boss now.
7. Man: Not every woman could do the thing like her. She is extraordinary.
Woman: Yeah, she is. But I’ll have my moments.
Question: What does the woman mean?
[A] She thinks she is better than the lady the man is talking about.
[B] She thinks she will be successful someday.
[C] She thinks she is more charming than the lady the man is talking about.
[D] She thinks she has her own specialty.
8. Man: Would you like to go with me to the airport to pick up Frank?
Woman: I’d like to, but I have class till 2:00. And I know Frank’s decided to take the early flight．
Question: What does the woman imply?
[A] She won’t be able to go with the man.   
[B] She doesn’t think Frank is arriving until tomorrow morning.
[C] She has to pick up Frank at 2:00.                
[D] She doesn’t know when her class will end.
9. Man: Isn’t that a new brand of typewriter you are writing at?
Woman: Oh, Bill. This isn’t the first time you’ve asked me about it.
Question: What does the woman imply?
  [A] The typewriter is not new.              [B] The man is a forgetful person.
[C] The man can have the typewriter.        [D] The man misunderstood her.
10. Woman:  Oh, Dick. You’re wearing a black jacket, but yellow trousers. It’s the strangest combination I’ve ever seen.
Man:   I know. I’ve get up late and dressed in a hurry. I didn’t realize my mistake until I entered the office.
Question: What did the woman think of the way Dick’s dressed?
[A] The color of Dick’s jacket is too dark.      [B] Dick looks funny in that yellow jacket.
[C] Dick’s trousers don’t mach his jacket.      [D] Dick has bad taste in clothes.

Part II  Vocabulary （10 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each）
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

11. Most lecturers find it expedient to use notes when addressing to the graduate students.
[A] troublesome          [B] expensive            [C] useful             [D] improper
12. Economic development is likely to assume a bigger and more significant role in the world
[A] suppose           [B] presume             [C] undertake          [D] transmit
13. In most high schools, boys and girls attend the same classes, except in health education, where they are segregated
[A] classified             [B] gathered         [C] decomposed             [D] separated
14. Some people prefer to remain anonymous when they call the police to report a crime.  
[A] undisturbed              [B] unnoticed         [C] unrecorded         [D] unnamed
15. The young soldiers didn’t feel the least bit frustrated even when they are confronted with formidable difficulties.
[A] open to attack                       [B] possible to arise
[C] hard to overcome                     [D] difficult to access
16. Prior to his appointment as foreign minister, Mr. Li was the vice minister of foreign affairs.
[A] After           [B] Before                     [C] During                    [D] Previous
17. The Roman church was exercising leadership long before anyone appealed to this text.   
[A] fascinated       [B] attracted                  [C] printed              [D] requested
18. John’s mindless exterior concealed his warm and kindhearted nature.
[A] personality               [B] disinterest        [C] appearance             [D] temper
19. Unless the population growth stabilizes, environmentalists predict a worldwide starvation by the next decade.
[A] famine                     [B] shortage                   [C] rebellion        [D] infection
20. The government has a policy of fostering the public awareness of the dangers in smoking.
[A] encouraging             [B] discovering             [C] hindering      [D] emphasizing

Section B
Directions: In this section, there are ten incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your ANSWER SHEET.

21. After long negotiations, the firm        to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.
[A] contracted                 [B]contacted           [C] consulted          [D] convinced
22. We felt        to death because we could make nothing of the lecturer’s speech.
[A] exposed          [B] tired             [C] exhausted                  [D] bored
23. It was very difficult to build a power station in the deep valley，but it        as we had hoped．
[A] came off          [B] went off          [C] brought out           [D] made out
24. The machines in this workshop are not regulated         but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.
[A] inevitably          [B] individually         [C] irrespectively        [D] irregularly
25. The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer     according to the weather.
[A] evaluated          [B] converted           [C] fluctuated           [D] modified
26. It is wrong for people to think that experts are        right when they explain their ideas on some subjects.
[A] steadily            [B] constantly          [C] persistently         [D] continuously
27. During the past years the        of automobile accidents in New York City has decreased.
[A] degree            [B] quantity            [C] number            [D] amount
28. The brave firemen had fought for days before they managed to           the forest fire.
[A] put on            [B] put up              [C] put off             [D] put out
29. He        that a combination of recent oil discoveries and the advance of new technology will lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.
[A] compels          [B] predicts             [C] arranges            [D] disputes
30. For these reasons, the newspaper is having        problems in the north of the country.
[A] distribution       [B] regulation            [C] recognition         [D] destruction

Part III  Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25points, 1 for each)

Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One
If those “mad moments”—when you can’t remember what your friend has told you or where you left your keys —are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.
Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show sighs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us had imagined and these processed continue gradually over the years,” said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. “I’m convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program,” he added.  
In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist (神经学家) lists what he refers to as the 10 suggestions for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, reducing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle.
“Misplacing your keys a couple of times don’t mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging .Our brains can fight back,” he said.
Small provides the weapons for a full–scale attack. Simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as “look” and “connect” are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if you wanted to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a high eyebrow,” said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty, so I create a mental picture of Warren Beatty kissing her brow.”
Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a langrage. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing,” he added.

31. The “mad moment” in the first paragraph refers to the time when we      ________.
[A] don’t listen to our friends            [B] have lost our important things
[C] have some mental problems          [D] have a bad memory
32. In this passage, the author mainly tells us       _________.
[A] everyone has bad memories sometimes no matter how old he is
[B] we can prevent our mind from aging with various methods
[C] brain aging starts at the time when we are in the 20s and 30s
[D] memory lost is not the sign that we are getting old
33. By giving the example “you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing …eyebrow”, Dr. Small is trying to explain the memory tool of       ___________.
[A] look         [B] physical exercises      [C] connect           [D] mental exercises
34. By saying “I think of the actor Warren BEATTY so I create … her brow”’ Dr. Small is trying to explain the memory tool of __________________
[A] remembering facial features              [B] reducing stress
[C] connecting related things                [D] observing carefully
35. Mental exercises do NOT include _________________
[A] writing with one’s left hand              [B] learning a foreign language
[C] doing crossword puzzles                [D] taking pictures

Passage 2

It may look like just another playgroup, but a unique educational center in Manhattan is really giving babies something to talk about. “It’s a school to teach languages to babies and young children with games, songs—some of the classed also have arts and crafts,” said Francois Thibaut, the founder of the Langrage Workshop for Children, a place where babies become bilingual.
Children as young as few months are exposed to French and Spanish before many of them can even speak English. Educators use special songs and visual (视觉的) aids to ensure that when a child is ready to talk, the languages will not be so foreign. “Children have a unique capacity to learn many languages at the same time,” said Thibaut. “Already at nine months, a child can tell the differences between the sounds he or she has heard since birth and the sounds he or she has never heard yet.” Thibaut says the best time to expose children to language is from birth to 3 years old. For the last 30 years, the school has been using what it calls the Thibarut Technique, a system that combines language lessons with child’s play.
“I always wanted to learn Spanish, but by the time I got to high school it was too late to pick it up and speak fluently,” said Marc Lazare, who enrolled his son at the school. “I figured at this age, two, it’s a perfect time for him to learn.”
Aside from learning a language, the kids also gain a tremendous sense of confidence. One young student boasted that aside from French, she can speak five languages (though that included “monkey “and “lion”). The school gives children the tools to communicate, and sometimes that gives them an advantage over their parents. “I think they sometimes speak French when they think I won’t understand them,” said parent Foster Gibbons.
Depending on the age group, classes run from 45 minute up to 2 hours. Even when students are not in class, the program is designed to make sure the learning continues at home. Tapes and books are included so kids can practice on their own.

36. The word “bilingual” in the first paragraph probably means ____________.
[A] capable of using two languages               [B] both clever and confident
[C] aware of their own limitations and strengths     [D] independent of their parents
37. The passage tells us that the best time for a child to learn languages is _____________.
[A] before seven years old                      [B] from birth to three years old
[C] in his childhood                           [D] in his teens
38. According to Thibaut, it is possible _______ .
[A] for children to take advantage of their parents by using a foreign language
[B] to expose children to a foreign language after they can speak English
[C] to combine language lessons with sports games
[D] for children to learn several languages at the same time
39. The school teaches language by _______________.
[A] exposing children to the new environment     [B] using modern facilities and equipment
[C] combining language lessons with games       [D] giving children confidence
40. The best title for this text is ________________.
[A] A Unique Language School for Children
[B] The Foreign Language for Children to Learn
[C] Special Songs and Visual Aids in Learning
[D] The Best Way to Learn a Foreign Language

Passage 3

Next week, as millions of families gather for their Thanksgiving (感恩节) feasts，many other Americans will go without. According to the United States Department of Agriculture，more than 12 million households lack enough food for everyone in their family at some time during the year—including holidays.
Hunger is surprisingly widespread in our country—one of the world’s wealthiest—yet the government estimates that we waste almost 100 billion pounds of food each year, more than one-quarter of our total supply.
Reducing this improper distribution of resources is a goal of America’s Second Harvest, the nation’s largest domestic hunger-relief organization. Last year, it distributed nearly 2 billion pounds of food to more than 23 million people in need.
A great deal of work is involved in distributing tons of food from thousands of donors (捐赠者) to hundreds of small, nonprofit organizations. Until a few years ago, America’s Second Harvest lacked any effective way to manage their inventory. Without accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to spoil in loading places.
In 2000, America’s Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system—Ceres. It is software designed specifically for hunger-relief operations. It is used by more than 100 America’s Second Harvest organizations to track food from donation to distribution.
Ceres has helped reduce the spoiling of food and improve distribution. An evaluation found that the software streamlined food banks’ operations by 23 percent in the first year alone.
With more accurate and timely reports, Ceres saves time, flees staff members to focus on finding new donors, and promises more efficient use of donations.
Hunger in America remains a troubling social problem. Technology alone cannot solve it. But in the hands of organizations such as America’s Second Harvest, it is a powerful tool that is helping to make a difference—and helping more Americans to join in the feast.
41. According to the passage，the total supply of food in America every year reaches         .
[A] 12 million pounds             [B] more than 12 million pounds
[C] almost 100 billion pounds       [D] about 400 billion pounds
42. By “this improper distribution of resources” in Paragraph 3，the writer means that many Americans lack enough food while       .
[A] their country is one of the richest in the world        [B] much food is left to spoil
[C] others waste too much food                       [D] others consume too much food
43. A problem for America’s Second Harvest a few years ago was that       ．
[A] it did not get enough food from donors
[B] it did not have a large enough network
[C] it did not have enough soup kitchens
[D] it did not have a good way to manage its food stock
44. Which of the following is NOT the assistance offered by Ceres?
[A] enlarging organization’s network      
[B] solving the hunger problem in the country
[C] giving out food more efficiently     
[D] preventing food from spoiling
45. The main idea of the passage is that       .
[A] technology can help in the fight against hunger
[B] America’s Second Harvest has found more donors
[C] America’s Second Harvest promotes the development of technology
[D] hunger is a problem even in the wealthiest country in the world

Passage 4

The worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves. As a result, singing and music have declined.
Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances trapped around silly stories. As a result, they don’t do much singing in Indian villages anymore.
There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is that people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or family or friends by himself?
These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail. They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. We’re alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.
Professional actors’ performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because it’s mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke (卡拉OK) liberating. It is almost he only electronic thing that gives them bake their own voice. Even if their voices are hopelessly out of tune, at least it is meaningful self–entertainment.

46. The main idea of this passage is that        .
[A] TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and music
[B] TV and radio prevent us from self–entertainment
[C] people should sing songs and read books aloud themselves
[D] parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children
47. According to the passage, Italians        .
[A] only sing songs in Hollywood       [B] are no longer fond of music
[C] only sing and dance in villages      [D] don’t sing much nowadays
48. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the decline in amateur singing?
[A] It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV and radio.
[B] Amateurs feel embarrassed for they cannot sing as well as the professionals.
[C] People don’t want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.
[D] Famous and talented musicians can easily be met.
49. The word “thrilling” (line 2, paragraph 4) probably means        .
[A] exciting         [B] frightening          [C] spilling           [D] upset
50. The author’s attitude toward karaoke is           .
[A] negative        [B] positive             [C] neutral            [D] indifferent

Passage 5

By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of common citizens in the United States. As the time went on, ice was used in hotels, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861~1865), it came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and one third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, an earlier form of the modem refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat was undeveloped. The common sense that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting (融化) was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. However, early efforts to save ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors find the ways needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, a Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right way. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would refuse to buy the rapidly melting butter of the other farmers to pay a higher price for his butter, still fresh and hard. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
51. This passage is mainly about ______________.
[A] the importance of the icebox in the mid-nineteenth century
[B] the development and improvement of the icebox
[C] how to make an efficient icebox
[D] an important invention of a Maryland farmer
52. In paragraph 1, the word “forward-looking”(line 3) probably means ___________.
[A] greedy                                                    [B] generous
[C] longing for greater profit                          [D] having modem ideas
53. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1880 ____________.
[A] ice began to be widely used in hospitals and hotels
[B] ice began to affect the diet of common citizens in America
[C] many American families had the icebox
[D] most of the ice sold in America went to families for their own use
54. In the early 19th century, most people believed that ____________.
[A] it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling
[B] the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting
[C] to wrap the ice in blankets would keep the ice from doing its job
[D] they lacked knowledge of the physics of heat
55. Customers would like to buy Thomas Moore’s butter because _______________.
[A] his butter was fresh and hard
[B] his butter was transported to market at night
[C] his butter was rapidly melting
[D] the price of his butter was lower

Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes 15 points 1 for each)

Directions: In this part, there is a passage with fifteen blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

Robots in factories do many jobs that people consider tiring. Robots never need to rest. People make mistakes when they____56___. Robots never do.
What kinds of jobs are robots doing? They are welding, a method of joining two parts of something by using high heat. They are ____57____ hot metals and plastics in machines that press the materials into shapes. They are spray painting.
Robots are not harmed by heat, noise or ____58_____ that would be dangerous to humans. And they are controlled from a distance. So they can do dangerous jobs. Robots ___59____ unexploded bombs. They work underwater repairing pipes at the bottom of the sea. And they work with materials that ___60___ radiation. Robots are very valuable in space exploration. In 1976, the American Viking spacecraft landed __61___ Mars. Its robot arm gathered Martian soil. The robot arm on America’s space shuttle has been used to capture satellites for repair __62___ in orbit.
Robots do make mistakes sometimes. But they are not responsible for the mistakes. In one automobile factory, ___63___, the doors on more than 1,000 cars were welded shut. A human had given the robot’s computer brain the ___ 64___ instructions. When robots get the correct instructions, their work is ___65___good and fast. A company in Florida, for example, uses robots ___66___ small communicating devices. The robots put about 130 tiny electronic pieces into each device. The factory can produce a device just two hours ____67___ it receives a request for one. The company says it would ___68___ almost one month to produce a device in a normal factory with human workers.
___67___ is the future of robots? The goal of scientists is to create a true ___70___ robot. Humans have the ability to see, hear, speak and solve problems. Engineers have built robots that have one or two of these abilities.

56. A. get tiring              B. get tired             C. make tired         D. feel tiring
57. A. mounting               B. charging         C. carrying              D. loading
58. A. chemicals               B. chemical            C. chemistry               D. alchemy
59. A. investigate           B. change              C. calculate                D. reckon
60. A. give away               B. give off          C. give up               D. give in
61. A. on               B. at                  C. around                D. in
62. A. since                  B. while                 C. during                 D. whereas
63. A. that is to say       B. for example       C. you know               D. it is reported that
64. A. wrong                B. right                  C. in-time            D. similar
65. A. clear and clear        B. proper and purposeful         C. good and fast     D. actual and realistic
66. A. build                  B. building              C. built                      D. to build
67. A. after                  B. before                 C. as long as             D. so long as
68. A. cost                   B. take                    C. make                   D. use
69. A. Which                B. Why                 C. How                     D. What
70. A. human-like          B. human-made            C. man-made             D. man-like

Part V Error Detection （10 minutes. 5 points 0.5 for each）

Directions: In this part, there are ten sentences. Each sentence has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

71. Peter, together with his wife and two sons, are to arrive on the evening flight.
A                  B       C          D
72. The United States Department of Labor enforces laws that promote the welfare of wage earners,
A             B
improving occupational conditions and advance employment opportunities.
C                             D 
73. We wish that you didn’t have such a lot of work, otherwise you would have enjoyed the
A                 B      C            D
dinner.
74. If one reads a great many articles in English, you will become familiar with the reading
A               B      C              D
course.
75. We draw some excerpts from “Speaking Smart” to give you some advice about how to control a
A                    B         C
presentation while the audience is speaking.
D
76. These are the questions you might have asked yourself before start a career, or even now when you
A                      B        C
do have a career.
D
77. When the aging father of a rich, thriving farm family in Iowa decide to retire, he offers his hand to
A                                         B     C D
his three daughters.
78. In other words, the new tenant would pay substantially higher rent than the previous tenant does.
A                                  B               C                   D
79. Writing in a clear and terse style, the book describes the author’s childhood experiences in a small
A                                  B         C
town just before the outbreak of the Civil War.
D
80. The law he is referring to requires that everyone who takes a plane buys an insurance policy.
A                            B   C         D

Paper Two 试卷二
（60 minutes）
Part I Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section)

Section A

Directions: Translate the underlined sentences from the following passage from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
If women are exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. Only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe （衣柜） packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.
Section B
Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
许多年轻人再也不习惯一下班就回家。他们常与朋友相约去体操房或健身俱乐部锻炼健身。工作日的晚上从6点到9点，还有周末全天，体操房总是爆满，尽管会员费已经上调。由于体育场馆少，通常人们得提前两到三天去预定。
Part II     Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions:   In this part, you are allowed 25-30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on How Should We Travel.  Study the following outline carefully and write your composition on the Composition Sheet.  .
Title: How Should we Travel
Outline:       
1. 有人认为人们上下班或出门时应更多利用公共交通工具。
2. 有人认为自己开车更方便。  
3. 我的看法。

（模拟试题见上期月刊）
Paper One 试卷一
Part I  Dialogue Communication （10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each）

Section A 1-5    C  D  B  A  C

Section B 6-10   D  B  A  B  C

Part II  Vocabulary （10 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each）
11-15 C  C  D  D  C        16-20  B  B  C  A  A
21-25  A  D  A  B  C        26-30  B  C  D  B  A

Part III  Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25points, 1 for each)

31-35  D B A C D 36-40   A B D C A
41-45  D  C  D  B  A  46-50 B D D A  B
51-55  B  D  C  B  A 

Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes 15 points 1 for each)

56-60 B D A A B     61-65 A B B A B    66-70 D A B D A

Part V Error Detection （10 minutes. 5 points 0.5 for each）

71．B   72．C  73．A  74．C  75．D  76．B  77．B  78．D  79．A  80．D   

Paper Two 试卷二
（60 minutes）
Part I Translation 
Section A参考译文：
如果女人被年复一年的剥削，她们只能责怪自己。一想到别人看到自己在公共场合里穿着不入时的衣服，她们就会发抖，正因为如此，时装设计师和大商店才最能利用她们。由于时尚的改变，才穿了几次的衣服就被放到了一边。只有女人才能站在堆满了衣服的衣柜前，难过的说她们没有衣服穿。

Section B参考译文：
Many young people are no longer in the habit of going home directly after work. Instead, they might arrange with friends to go to the gym or fitness club for some healthy exercise. From 6 pm to 9 pm on workdays and at the weekend, gyms are mostly full, despite membership fees having been raised. Owing to a shortage of sports fields and stadiums, people often have to make reservations two or three days in advance.

Part II   Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
参考作文：
How Should We Travel?
It is suggested that people should use as much public transportation as possible．They think a person is more relaxed on the bus or subway，for he doesn’t have to concentrate on driving．He can even get some reading and studying done during the commute time．Moreover，people don't have to worry about finding a parking place．In addition，when using public transportation，we help 1essen air pollution and traffic jams．   
But some others think otherwise．They argue that private cars are a more convenient way to get to any place at any time．Particularly，after a day’s tiring work，you don’t have to rush to get on a bus，but only to find that you have to stand all the way in the uncomfortable，densely-packed bus．
In my opinion，both ways of commuting have advantages and disadvantages．But in comparing the two，I prefer to use as much public transportation as possible．If more and mote people used public transportation，air pollution would be better controlled and expenses would be reduced．That in turn would attract more and more people to use it．The more people that used it，the more money transportation business would get to improve its facilities and provide more locations and frequencies．I hope some day the public transportation system will be able to provide the convenience that a private car does．

    为了大力培养大学生的实践能力、创造能力、就业能力和创业能力，进一步加强大学生认识社会、了解社会、参与社会、服务社会的意识，全面提高我系各专业学生的综合素质，根据教学计划和专业实践训练计划的具体要求，根据教务处《关于做好2007～2008学年度暑期专业实践工作的通知》的工作精神，使“社会调查”任务落到实处，现就做好2008年暑期专业实践工作安排如下：

一、             领导小组

成立以系领导为组长，以团总支书记、各年级辅导员、办公室主任、教务秘书为成员的领导小组，具体负责学生暑期实践活动的部署、安排和落实。

各年级责任人为各年级辅导员。

二、             实践任务

1．让学生接触社会，深入基层，利用所学的专业知识服务社会，提高学生的专业认识水平，增强学生的服务意识和社会责任感。

    2．通过调查和工作实习使学生将所学的专业知识运用于企事业单位的生产和工作实际中，从而丰富学生的实践经验，提高学生的专业实践能力。

    3．通过大学生创业活动，提升创业实践能力，为将来自主创业积累经验。

4．磨练学生意志，培养学生吃苦耐劳精神和奉献精神，使学生逐步树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。

三、             具体要求

1.       各年级辅导员要按照学校教务处和系里工作计划的精神，高度重视，认真落实，细致地做好各项工作。

2.     此项工作分三阶段进行：

（1）宣传动员阶段（2008年6月初～2008年7月初）

各辅导员组织学生学习学校教务处及系工作计划，对学生进行宣传动员,让学生进一步明确实践活动的意义和目的，提高学生参加暑期社会实践活动的主动性和积极性。

（2）组织落实阶段（2008年7月初～2008年8月底）

暑期专业社会实践活动以学生自主联系和以回原籍县市实践为主，学校统一安排为辅。

（3）交流考核评比阶段（2008年9月初～2008年11月）

1）各辅导员上报暑期专业实践工作总结一份（含工作组织情况阐述、取得的效果、经验、不足等），学生实践岗位汇总表一份（附后）；

2）学生上交《社会实践评价表》（统一印发），06级上交专业调查报告（按教务处要求格式），07级上交暑期实践心得，打印稿（WORD文档默认格式，标题姓名班级用4号黑体居中；正文用5号宋体）；

3）系里组织总结、交流、考核、评优，合格者给定社会调查0．5学分，评优按2%进行。

3.     实践内容

06级：数学教育专业班级（二年级学生），主要形式:参加与数学教育专业相对应的工作；实践时间：3～4周（150小时～190小时）；实践内容：初步掌握数学教育专业（数学教师）所实习部门的基本知识和基本技能，对数学教育有关问题进行调查，为学校建设出谋划策。

07级：数学教育专业班级（一年级学生），主要形式:以调查为主，适当参加与数学教育专业相关的工作；实践时间：3周（150小时）；实践内容: 初步掌握数学教育专业（数学教师）所实习部门的基本知识和基本技能，对数学教育有关问题进行调查，为学校建设出谋划策。

07级：统计实务专业（一年级学生）主要形式:岗位实践，以调查为主，适当参加与专业相关的生产工作；实践时间：3周（150小时）实践内容：

（1）全面了解实践单位的管理和生产部门，弄清各管理部门的名称、人员组成、工作职责及其地位作用，弄清各生产部门的名称、生产的产品、生产技术人员构成及其技术特点等；

（2）了解实践单位的企业文化建设状况，了解企业文化形成过程、主要内容以及企业精神在企业发展中的作用；

（3）访问企事业单位领导或高级管理人员，了解企事业单位的发展前景，对人才的素质要求和近几年人才需求情况；

（4）了解企事业单位对我校相关专业学生的知识、技能和职业道德要求以及对我校教学改革和人才培养的建议。

另外鼓励一部分学生参加创业实践。

参加对象：有自主创业意向的学生

主要形式：自主开展创业活动，体验创业过程，积累创业经验，提升创业能力。

实践时间：2～3周（150小时～190小时）

主要内容：学生结合自身专业与创业意向，有针对性开展相关创业实践活动，注重发展模式的研究和应用，学习先进的企业管理方法，同时认真做好创业日志，与同学共享创业经验，为创业奠定基础。

4．各辅导员、班主任要定期检查、及时掌握学生社会实践活动的开展情况，与各实践单位进行联系和沟通，检查实践进程，解决实际困难，指导学生实践活动开展，及时向领导小组汇报实施情况，留下每个同学的联系方式，保证实践工作顺利实施。

数学系

二○○八年七月二日

附件：评价表格及汇总表

连云港师专学生专业社会实践评价表

姓名

性别

学号

所在系科、专业

所在班级

实践主题

时    间

从   年  月  日

至   年  月  日

实践

地点

校外指导教师

工作

单位

实践主要内容

实践单位意见

实践单位盖章

   年  月  日

校外指导教师评语

成绩

系考核意见

成绩

学分

成绩等第为：优秀、良好、合格、不合格

后附专业社会实践调查报告（06级）或心得（07级），返校后班级统一收齐上交系里考核

连云港师范高等专科学校学生专业社会实践评价汇总表（数学系）

专业

姓名

班级

学号

实践主题

实践起至时间

校外指导教师姓名

指导教师单位

校外实践成绩

系考核成绩

学分

调查报告或心得有无

备注

此文发表于考试周刊2007年第30期

a number of   若干

a great deal of  大量的，许多的

a great/good many  许多，大量

a series of 一系列一连串

a matter of关于。。的问题

a little  一点，也许

a variety of  种种，各种

above all首先，尤其

add up to 合计，总计

all over 遍及，到处

all but  几乎,除。。。之外其余都

after all   终于，毕竟，虽然这样

along with 与。。。一起

account for   说明

as if     好象，仿佛

as though   好象，仿佛

as to   至于，关于

as well  也，一样

as regards  关于，至于

as a rule  通常，照例

as a result  结果，因此

as usual 像往常一样照例

as yet  到目前为止；到那时为止

as good as   和。。。几乎一样，实际上等于

as far as…be concerned  就。。而言

as a matter of face 实际上

as follows  如下

as soon as  一。。。就

aside from  除。。。以外

ask for on account of因为，由于

as for  至于，就。。。方面说请求，要求

ahead of在。。前面，先于

ahead of schedule  提前

apart from  除去

at hand在附近，即将到来

at heart  实质上

at home  在家，在国内，自在自如

at first   最初，首先

at lot of  大量的，很多的

at the best 充其量，至多

at a time  每次，一次

at a loss  困惑，不知所措

at all   完全，根本

at no time  从不，决不

at one time曾经，从前曾

at times  有时

at most  最多，至多

at random随机的，任意的

at stake  在危险中

at leisure  从容的，有空

at length  最后；详细地

at intervals  不时，时时

at present  目前，现在

at first sight  乍一看，初看起来

at any rate  无论如何

at all costs 不惜任何代价无论如何

at all events  无论如何

at the cost of  以。。。代价

at the moment 现在，此刻

at the mercy of在。支配下

at once  立刻，马上

all at once  突然

at large  一般，大体上

at last  最终，终于

at least  至于，最低限度

around/round the clock 昼夜不停的

at odds with  与。。。不一致，差异，争执

and so on  等等

and so forth  等等

and then 而且其次，然后

as long as /so long as  只要，如果

all of a sudden  突然

all round  周围，处处

all the time  一直，始终

all the same  仍然，照样地

at work  在工作，忙于

at worst 在最坏的情况下

after a while  过了一会，不久

be made up of  由。。。构成，由。。。组成

be absorbed in  专心于

be accustomed to习惯于

be on a diet  节食

be bound to 必定，一定

be concerned with  关心

be fed up with  感到厌烦

be friends with对。。。友好

before long  不久以后

because of  由于，因为

break away  脱离，逃跑

break down 损坏分解瓦解

break in 强行进入，闯入，打断

break into      闯入

break off    断绝，结束

break out   突发，爆发

break through    突破

break up  终止，结束，打碎

bring into effect  使生效

bring about  带来，造成

bring down  打倒，挫伤

bring forth  产生，提出

bring forward   提出

bring out 使出现，公布

bring to   使恢复知觉

bring up  教育，培养，使成长

build up 积累，树立，逐步建立

bake and forth  来回往返来来往往

bake off放，让步，退却

back up    支持，援助

burn out        烧掉

burn up     烧完，烧尽

by accident   偶然

by comparison 比较起来

by charge   偶然，碰巧

by turns  轮流

by oneself  独自，单身

by nature  天生，就其本性而言

by mistake  错误的

by all means  无论如何，必定

by means of  借助于

by no means  决不

by virtue of  由于

by the way  顺便提一下

by way of  经由，通过。。。方式

by reason of  由于

bring/put…into practice  实施，实行

behind schedule  晚点

by the same token  由于同样的原因，同样地

call for   邀请，要求，需要

call forth   唤起，引起

call off     放弃，取消

call on/upon 访问，拜访

call up     召集，动员

care for     照顾，关心

carry off       夺去

carry on   继续下去，坚持下去

carry out  贯彻，执行，实现

catch fire  着火

catch on    理解，明白

catch up with 追上赶上

catch one’s breath 屏息

catch one’s eye  引人注目

catch sight of  发现，突然发现

check in 办理登记手续

check out  结账后离开

check upon  校对，检查

cheer up 使高兴使振奋，高兴起来

clear away  打扫，收拾

clear up整理收拾清除，澄清

come off  实现，成功，奏效

come on  请，来吧，发展

come out  出版出现，显露结局是

come round/around 来访，苏醒

come through   经历，脱险

come to   总计，达到

come to the point  说到要点

come true   实现，达到

come up    走进，发生

come up to  达到，符合

come up with 提出，提供

come into effect  生效，实施

come/go into operation 开始运转

compare…to/with  把。。。比做

cut across走捷径，抄近路

cut bake     削减，降低

cut down   削减，减少

cut in       插嘴，打断

cut out       删除

cut short     突然停止

cover up      饰，掩盖

cross out   删去，取消

count on    依靠，指望

count up    把。。。相加

can’t help  禁不住，不得不

cast light on/upon  使明白，阐明

derive from导出，由。来

die down 渐渐消失，平息

die off  相继死去

die out  消失，灭绝

do away with  废除去掉

do/try one’s best尽力努力

dress up  顺便来访

drop off  减弱，减少

drop out  退出，离开

due to  由于，因为

dwell on  凝思，详述

draw up  画出，草拟

ever since  从那时起，自那时以来

each other  互相

every now and then  有时，时时，偶尔

every other  每隔一个

ever so  非常，极其

for the better好转，改善

fail to  未能

fall behind  落后

fall back on  求助于，转而依靠

for a while  暂时，一时

fall in with  符合，与。。。一致

feed in  输入

feel like  欲，想要

fill in/out  填充，填写

find out  查明

first of all  首先

for ever  永远

for example  例如

face to face  面对面地

face up to  大胆面对

for one thing  首先，一则

for the time being  目前，暂时

for good  永久的

for instance  例如

for long  长久的

for a moment  片刻，一会儿

fall in love with 相爱爱上

from time to time  有时，不时

fur the moment 现在暂时

for the present 目前，暂时

for the sake of  看在。。。的份上

for short  简称，缩写

get the best of   胜过

get the better of 打败，智胜

get away  逃脱，离开

get down to  开始，着手

get in  进入，收获，收集

get into  进入，陷入

get along with  进展，相处融洽

get off 离开，动身，开始

get out of  逃避，改掉

get over  克服

get the better of  占上风，胜过

get through  结束，完成

get together  集合，聚集

get up  起床，增加

get rid of  摆脱，除去

good for 有效，适用

get hold of抓住，掌握

give away  泄露，分送

give back  送还，恢复

give in   投降，屈服

give off  放出，释放

give out  分发，放出

give up  停止，放弃

give way to  给。。。让路，被。。。替代

go after  追求

go ahead  开始，前进

go along with  陪同前往，随行

go by  过去

go for  支持，拥护

go into  进入，研究调查

go off  爆炸；发射；动身，离开

go on  继续，发生

go over  检查，复习重温

go through  经历，经受，详细检查

go with 伴随，与。。协调

go wrong  发生故障，出毛病

give rise to  引起，使发生，造成

give way  让路，让步

had better最好还是应该

have nothing to do with  和。。。毫无关系

have something to do with  和。。。有关系

have in mind 记住考虑到

hand down  流传下来，传给

hand in  交上，递交

hand in hand  手拉着手，联合

hand on 传下来依次传递

hand out  分发，散发

hand over  交出，移交

hand about  闲荡，徘徊

hand on  继续下去，等一下

hand up  挂断（电话）

happen to  碰巧，偶然

hardly any  几乎没有，几乎什么也不

hardly …when 刚一。。就

have on  穿着，戴着

head for  驶向，走向

help oneself自取所需

hold back  踌躇，退缩，阻止，抑制

hold on 继续，紧握不放

hold on to紧紧抓住，坚持

hold up举起，承载，阻挡

home and aboard 国内外

how about  如何，怎样

hundreds of  数以百计，许多

hunger for  渴望

hunger up赶快，迅速完成

heart and soul全心全意

in any case无论如何总之

in case   假如，万一

in chorus  一齐，一致，共同

in no case     决不

in common  共同。共有

in addition      另外

in the air   在流行中，在传播中

in all       总共，共计

in alliance with 与。。。联盟

in addition to除。。。之外

in advance  提前，预先

in question  正在考虑

in conclusion 最后总之

in connection with/to关于

in consequence 因此结果

in consequence of由于。。。的缘故

in contrast to 与。。。相反

in brief     简儿言之

in bulk     散装，大批

in danger     在危险中

in charge of 负责，主管

in excess of  超过

in the face of  面对

in the least  一点，丝毫

in a moment  立刻，马上in face  实际上

in front of  在什么前面

in the future今后，将来

in general  通常，大体上

in favor of  有利于，赞成，支持

in half  一半

instead of  代替，而不是

in nature  本质上

in sum  总而言之

in the course of  在。。。过程中，在。。。期间

in detail  详细的

in debt      欠债，欠情

in effect  有效，实际上

in the end  最后，终于

in the distance  在远处

in the light of  按照，依据

in line  成一直线，排成一行

in line with  和。。。成直线，与。。。一致

in essence 大体上本质上

in order  秩序井然，整齐

in any event  无论如何

in the event of  万一，如果发生

in itself  本身

in hand  在控制中

in force  有效，实施中

in haste  急忙的，草率的

in honor of  为纪念，向。。。表示敬意

in a hurry  急忙的，急于

in memory of 

if only  要是。。。多好

improve on 改进

in return  作为回报，作为报答

in relation to  关于

in the past  在过去

in place  在适当的位置

in place of  代替

in the first place  起初，首先

in the last place  最后

in order to  为了

in order that  以便

in the long run从长远来看

in practice  在实践中，实际上

in particular  特别的，尤其

in proportion to  成比例

in public  公开的，当众

in sequence  依次，逐一

in secret  秘密的，私下的in short  简而言之，总之

in spite of  不管，尽管

in a sense  从某种意义上说

in sight  被见到

in step  同步，合拍

in tears  流着泪，含泪

in terms of  依据，按照；用。。。措词

in stock  备有

in succession  连续地

in no time  立即，马上

in time  及时，适时

在某种程度上

in truth  实际上，的确

in turn  依次，轮流

in a way  从某点上看，

in a word  总而言之

in other words  换句话说，也就是说

in the word  到底，究竟

in no way  决不

in one’s way /in the way  妨碍，阻碍

just now  刚才，一会儿

just that  既然，由于

keep in mind  记住

keep an eye on 留意照看

keep one’s word 守信用

keep company wit与。。。交往，与。。。结伴

keep pace with  跟上，与。。。同步

keep back  阻止，阻挡，隐瞒

keep down 控制，压制，镇压，压低

keep from  使。。。不做

keep off  不接近，避开

keep on  继续，保持

keep out of  躲开，置身之外

keep to  坚持，保持

keep up保持维持，坚持

keep up with  跟上

keep in touch  保持联系

keep track  注意动向

knock down  撞倒，击倒

knock out  击倒，击昏

known as  被认为是，被称为

let down  放下，降低；使失望

let go  放开，松手

let in  让。。。进去，放。。。近来

lose heart  丧失勇气，失去信心

let off  放（炮，烟火）；开枪；免除

let out  放掉，发出

lie in  在于

leave behind  留下，忘了带

learn by heart  记住背诵

leave out  遗漏，略去

line up  排队使排成一行

little by little  逐渐地

lose one’s head 不知所措

live on/by  靠。。。生活

live through 度过，经受过

live up to  做到，

lose track  失去联系

lay aside 把。。。搁置一边

lay down  放下，制定

lay off  解雇

lay out  安排，布置，陈列，展示

look after  照管，照料

look at   看望，注视

look back  回顾，回头看

look down on  看不起，轻视

look for  寻找，寻求

look forward to  盼望，期待

look into  调查，观察

look on   旁观，观看

look out  留神，注意，警惕

look over  检查，察看，调查

look through  仔细察看，浏览，温习

look up to  尊敬，敬仰

lost of  大量，很多

leave…alone听其自然，不要去管

let alone     更不用说

lose one’s temper 发怒，发脾气

make a difference 有影响

make a fool of 玩弄，愚弄

make friends  交朋友

make a face  做鬼脸

make progress  进步，进展

make allowances for考虑顾及体谅

make the best of 充分利用妥善处理

make fun of  取消，嘲弄

many a  许多的

make for  走向，驶向；有利于

make up  构成，组成

make up for  补偿，弥补

make up one’s mind  下决心

make the most of  充分利用

make sure  查明，确信，确定

make one’s way  前进，行进

make use of  利用

make way  开路，让路

mix up  混合，混淆

more and more  越来越

more or less 或多或少，几乎

no matter how/what/when  无论怎样

no less than  不少于，不亚于，和。。。一样

不辜负

no longer  不再

no sooner …than 一。。就

never mind  不要紧，没关系

no more  不再

no more than  不过，仅仅

neither …nor  既不。。。也不

nothing but  只有，仅仅

no doubt  无疑，必定

on guard  警惕，防范

on fire 烧着

on foot  步行

on the other hand  另一方面

on one’s honor  以名誉担保

off duty   下班

on duty  值班，上班

out of control  失去控制

on the basis of  根据，在。。的基础

on the contrary反之，正相反

on board 在（船、车、飞机等）上

on schedule  按预定时间

out of breath 上气不接下气

of course       当然

on earth  究竟，到底；在世界上

on behalf of 代表，为了

on the condition that在。。。条件下

on cue  恰好在这个时候

on occasion  有时，不时

on the spot  当场，在现场

off and on  断断续续，不时地

once in a while  偶尔，有时

on the whole  总的来说

on the verge of  接近于，濒于

once for all  一劳永逸

once more  再一次，又一次

once another  相互

使生效，使运转

other than   除了

over and over  一再，再三

owing to  由于

on one’s own  独自的，独立的

on sale  出售

on a large scale 大规模的

on a small scale 小规模的

on the point of  即将。。。的时候

out of work  失业

out of order  发生故障，混乱

out of danger   脱离危险

out of date        过期

out of practice  久不练习，荒疏

out of sight  看不见，在视野之外

out of step  步调不一致，不协调

one after another 一个接一个

one another     互相

on the average 平均，一般说来

on time  准时

once upon a time  从前

out of touch  失去联系

or so  大约，左右

play a role  起作用

put into effect  实行， 生效

put/bring into operation pass away  去世，逝世

pass off  终止，停止

pass out  失去知觉，昏倒

pay back  偿还，回报

pay off  使。。。得益，有报偿

pay up  全部付清

pick out  选出，挑出

pick up  拣起；搭人；获得

prey on  捕食；杀害；折磨

pull down  拆毁，拉倒；降低

pull off  脱衣帽等

pull out  拔出，取出

put away  放好，收好，储存

put down  记下，放下；镇压，平定

put forward  提出

put off  推迟，推延

put on  穿上，戴上；增加（体重）

point out  指出

play with  以。。。为消遣，玩弄

put in order  修理，检修

put out  熄灭，消灭

put up  举起，升起；建造，搭起；张贴

put up with  容忍，忍受

put into use  使用，利用

quite a few  有相当数目的

quite a little  相当多，不少

rather than  而不是

refer to  参考，查阅；提到；把。。。提交

ring off  挂断电话

run for  竞选

run into  撞上，偶然碰见

run out of  用完，用尽，耗尽

run over  浏览，复习

run short  用完，耗尽

set fire to 点燃

see through看穿，识破

make sense  有意义，言之有理

serve as 作为，用作

set about  开始，着手

set aside  挑出，留出

set back  推迟，延缓；阻碍

set down  卸下，放下；记下

set forth  阐明，陈述

set off  出发，动身；引起，使发生

set out  陈列，显示；动身，起程；制定

set up  创立，建立，树立

settle down  定居，过安定的生活

set free  释放

sit for  参加

sit in on  列席；旁听

so…as to   结果是，如此。。。以至于

so far  迄今为止

so that  以便，为的是，结果是

so …that  如此。。。以致

so far  迄经为止

show in  领入

show off  炫耀，卖弄

show up  使呈现；出席，到场

sick of  厌烦

side by side  肩并肩，一个挨一个

sooner or latter  迟早，早晚

speed up  加速

stand by  站在一边，袖手旁观

stand for  代表，意味着

stand out  突出，显眼

stand up  站起来

stand up for  为。。。辩护，维护

sand up to  勇敢面对，坚持抵抗，经得起

step by step  逐步

step up  提高；加快；加紧

step in  插入，介入

stick out  伸出，突然；坚持到底

stick to  坚持，忠于，信守

such as  诸如，例如

such…that  如此。。。以至

sum up  总结，概括

take pains尽力，煞费苦心

take one’s cue from 学。。。的样子，听。。。的劝告

take care    小心，当心

take care of    照顾，照料，负责

take part in  参加

take place  发生

take the place of  代替

the same as  与。。。一致，与。。。相同

take …as   把。。。作为

take after  与。。。相象

take apart  拆卸

take away  消除，消耗

take down  记下，写下

take…for  把。。。认为是，把。。。看成是

take in  接受，吸收；了解；理解；欺骗

take off  脱下；起飞

take on  呈现；承担；从事

take over  接管，接办

take to  喜欢，亲近

tall back  回嘴，顶嘴

talk into  说服

thanks to  由于，幸亏

take effect  生效，起作用

take delight in 以。。。为乐

take a chance 冒险一试

take charge of  担任，负责

take …for granted  想当然，认为理所当然

think of  想起，想到

think of…as  把。。。看做是，以为。。。是

think over  仔细考虑

thousands of  许多，无数

take advantage of  利用

to the point切中要害切题

to date    到目前为止

to and fro  来来回回

pay attention to   注意

right away  立即，马上

take one’s time不急不忙，从容进行

take…into account  考虑

touch on  关系到，涉及

try out  试验

try on  试穿

turn down  关小，低调；拒绝

turn in  交出

turn into 变成

turn off  关掉，断开

turn on  接通，打开

turn out结果是

turn over  翻过来；转移；转交

turn to 求助于，借助于

turn up出现

take turns  轮流

under control  被控制住

use up  用完

up to date      时新的

up to  直到；胜任；适于

with regard to  对于，就。。。而论

with the exception of  除。。。之外

would rather…than  宁愿

what if  如果。。。将会怎样

whether…or  是。。。还是

word for word  逐字地

wipe out  擦去，除去，消灭

work out  决；算出；制定出

work up  引起；逐渐上升

write off  报废；勾销，注销

a number of               若干

above all             首先，尤其

be absorbed in            专心于

by accident                偶然

account for                说明

on account of         因为，由于

take…into account          考虑

be accustomed to         习惯于

add up to             合计，总计

in addition                另外

in addition to          除。。。之外

in advance            提前，预先

take advantage of           利用

ahead of       在。。前面，先于

in the air     在流行中，在传播中

after all    终于，毕竟，虽然这样

all but     几乎,除。。。之外其余都

all over             遍及，到处

at all                完全，根本

in all                总共，共计

make allowances for考虑顾及体谅

in alliance with       与。。。联盟

leave…alone  听其自然，不要去管

let alone              更不用说

along with          与。。。一起

one after another     一个接一个

one another               互相

apart from                除去

as for      至于，就。。。方面说

as if               好象，仿佛

as though           好象，仿佛

as to               至于，关于

as well               也，一样

aside from          除。。。以外

ask for             请求，要求

pay attention to            注意

on the average   平均，一般说来

right away          立即，马上

bake and forth  来回往返来来往往

bake off         放，让步，退却

back up             支持，援助

on the basis of  根据，在。。的基础

because of           由于，因为

on behalf of          代表，为了

at the best         充其量，至多

do/try one’s best      尽力，努力

get the best of              胜过

make thebest of 充分利用妥善处理

for the better         好转，改善

get the better of       打败，智胜

had better       最好还是，应该

on board 在（船、车、飞机等）上

be bound to          必定，一定

break away          脱离，逃跑

break down    损坏，分解，瓦解

break in    强行进入，闯入，打断

break into                 闯入

break off            断绝，结束

break out            突发，爆发

break through              突破

break up       终止，结束，打碎

catch one’s breath           屏息

out of breath       上气不接下气

in brief               简儿言之

bring about          带来，造成

bring down          打倒，挫伤

bring forth           产生，提出

bring forward              提出

bring out          使出现，公布

bring to             使恢复知觉

bring up      教育，培养，使成长

build up    积累，树立，逐步建立

in bulk              散装，大批

burn out                  烧掉

burn up              烧完，烧尽

call for         邀请，要求，需要

call forth            唤起，引起

call off              放弃，取消

call on/upon          访问，拜访

call up               召集，动员

care for              照顾，关心

take care             小心，当心

take care of    照顾，照料，负责

carry off                  夺去

carry on     继续下去，坚持下去

carry out       贯彻，执行，实现

in any case       无论如何，总之

in case              假如，万一

in no case                 决不

catch on             理解，明白

catch up with         追上，赶上

by charge            偶然，碰巧

take a chance         冒险一试

in charge of         负责，主管

take charge of       担任，负责

check in          办理登记手续

check out           结账后离开

check upon          校对，检查

cheer up  使高兴使振奋，高兴起来

in chorus      一齐，一致，共同

clear away           打扫，收拾

clear up      整理收拾清除，澄清

around/round the clock 昼夜不停的

come off       实现，成功，奏效

come on         请，来吧，发展

come out   出版出现，显露结局是

come round/around    来访，苏醒

come through         经历，脱险

come to             总计，达到

come true            实现，达到

come up             走进，发生

come up to           达到，符合

come up with         提出，提供

in common           共同。共有

keep company with    与。。。交往，与。。。结伴

compare…to/with     把。。。比做

by comparison          比较起来

as far as…be concerned  就。。而言

be concerned with           关心

in conclusion         最后，总之

on the condition that  在。。。条件下

in connection with/to        关于

in consequence        因此，结果

in consequence of  由于。。。的缘故

on the contrary      反之，正相反

in contrast to         与。。。相反

out of control          失去控制

under control          被控制住

at all costs 不惜任何代价无论如何

at the cost of         以。。。代价

count on            依靠，指望

count up            把。。。相加

in the course of  在。。。过程中，在。。。期间

of course                 当然

cover up            掩饰，掩盖

cross out            删去，取消

on cue          恰好在这个时候

take one’s cue from  学。。。的样子，听。。。的劝告

cut across        走捷径，抄近路

cut bake             削减，降低

cut down            削减，减少

cut in               插嘴，打断

cut out                    删除

cut short              突然停止

in danger             在危险中

out of danger          脱离危险

out of date                过期

to date             到目前为止

up to date              时新的

a great deal of    大量的，许多的

in debt              欠债，欠情

take delight in        以。。。为乐

derive from  导出，由。。。来

in detail  详细的

die down  渐渐消失，平息

die off  相继死去

die out  消失，灭绝

be on a diet  节食

make a difference  有影响

in the distance  在远处

do away with  废除，去掉

have nothing to do with  和。。。毫无关系

have something to do with  和。。。有关系

no doubt  无疑，必定

draw up  画出，草拟

dress up  顺便来访

drop off  减弱，减少

drop out  退出，离开

due to  由于，因为

off duty   下班

on duty  值班，上班

dwell on  凝思，详述

each other  互相

on earth  究竟，到底；在世界上

bring into effect  使生效

put into effect  实行， 生效

come into effect  生效，实施

in effect  有效，实际上

take effect  生效，起作用

in the end  最后，终于

in essence  大体上，本质上

at all events  无论如何

in any event  无论如何

in the event of  万一，如果发生

for ever  永远

for example  例如

with the exception of  除。。。之外

in excess of  超过

catch one’s eye  引人注目

keep an eye on  留意，照看

face to face  面对面地

face up to  大胆面对

in the face of  面对

make a face  做鬼脸

in face  实际上

as a matter of face  实际上

fail to  未能

fall behind  落后

fall back on  求助于，转而依靠

fall in with  符合，与。。。一致

so far  迄经为止

in favor of  有利于，赞成，支持

feed in  输入

be fed up with  感到厌烦

feel like  欲，想要

a few  有些，几个

quite a few  有相当数目的

fill in/out  填充，填写

find out  查明

catch fire  着火

set fire to 点燃

on fire 烧着

at first   最初，首先

first of all  首先

as follows  如下

make a fool of  玩弄，愚弄

on foot  步行

in force  有效，实施中

and so forth  等等

set free  释放

make friends  交朋友

be friends with  对。。。友好

to and fro  来来回回

in front of  在什么前面

make fun of  取消，嘲弄

in the future今后，将来

in general  通常，大体上

get along with  进展，相处融洽

get away  逃脱，离开

get down to  开始，着手

get in  进入，收获，收集

get into  进入，陷入

get off  离开，动身，开始

get out of  逃避，改掉

get over  克服

get the better of  占上风，胜过

get through  结束，完成

get together  集合，聚集

get up  起床，增加

give away  泄露，分送

give back  送还，恢复

give in   投降，屈服

give off  放出，释放

give out  分发，放出

give up  停止，放弃

give way to  给。。。让路，被。。。替代

go after  追求

go ahead  开始，前进

go along with  陪同前往，随行

go by  过去

go for  支持，拥护

go into  进入，研究，调查

go off  爆炸；发射；动身，离开

go on  继续，发生

go over  检查，复习，重温

go through  经历，经受，详细检查

go with  伴随，与。。。协调

as good as   和。。。几乎一样，实际上等于

for good  永久的

good for 有效，适用

take …for granted  想当然，认为理所当然

on guard  警惕，防范

in half  一半

at hand  在附近，即将到来

hand down  流传下来，传给

hand in  交上，递交

hand in hand  手拉着手，联合

hand on  传下来，依次传递

hand out  分发，散发

hand over  交出，移交

in hand  在控制中

on the other hand  另一方面

hand about  闲荡，徘徊

hand on  继续下去，等一下

hand up  挂断（电话）

happen to  碰巧，偶然

hardly any  几乎没有，几乎什么也不

hardly …when  刚一。。。就

in haste  急忙的，草率的

have on  穿着，戴着

head for  驶向，走向

lose one’s head  不知所措

at heart  实质上

learn by heart  记住，背诵

heart and soul全心全意

lose heart  丧失勇气，失去信心

can’t help  禁不住，不得不

help oneself自取所需

get hold of抓住，掌握

hold back  踌躇，退缩，阻止，抑制

hold on 继续，紧握不放

hold on to  紧紧抓住，坚持

hold up  举起，承载，阻挡

at home  在家，在国内，自在自如

home and aboard  国内外

in honor of  为纪念，向。。。表示敬意

on one’s honor  以名誉担保

how about  如何，怎样

hundreds of  数以百计，许多

hunger for  渴望

hunger up  赶快，迅速完成

in a hurry  急忙的，急于

if only  要是。。。多好

improve on 改进

for instance  例如

instead of  代替，而不是

at intervals  不时，时时

by oneself  独自，单身

in itself  本身

keep back  阻止，阻挡，隐瞒

keep down 控制，压制，镇压，压低

keep from  使。。。不做

keep off  不接近，避开

keep on  继续，保持

keep out of  躲开，置身之外

keep to  坚持，保持

keep up  保持，维持，坚持

keep up with  跟上

knock down  撞倒，击倒

knock out  击倒，击昏

known as  被认为是，被称为

at large  一般，大体上

at last  最终，终于

lay aside  把。。。搁置一边

lay down  放下，制定

lay off  解雇

lay out  安排，布置，陈列，展示

at least  至于，最低限度

in the least  一点，丝毫

leave behind  留下，忘了带

leave out  遗漏，略去

at leisure  从容的，有空

at length  最后；详细地

no less than  不少于，不亚于，和。。。一样

let down  放下，降低；使失望

let go  放开，松手

let in  让。。。进去，放。。。近来

let off  放（炮，烟火）；开枪；免除

let out  放掉，发出

lie in  在于

cast light on/upon  使明白，阐明

in the light of  按照，依据

in line  成一直线，排成一行

in line with  和。。。成直线，与。。。一致

line up  排队，使排成一行

a little  一点，也许

little by little  逐渐地

quite a little  相当多，不少

live on/by  靠。。。生活

live through  度过，经受过

live up to  做到，不辜负

as long as /so long as  只要，如果

before long  不久以后

for long  长久的

no longer  不再

look after  照管，照料

look at   看望，注视

look back  回顾，回头看

look down on  看不起，轻视

look for  寻找，寻求

look forward to  盼望，期待

look into  调查，观察

look on   旁观，观看

look out  留神，注意，警惕

look over  检查，察看，调查

look through  仔细察看，浏览，温习

look up to  尊敬，敬仰

at a loss  困惑，不知所措

at lot of  大量的，很多的

lost of  大量，很多

fall in love with  相爱，爱上

be made up of  由。。。构成，由。。。组成

make for  走向，驶向；有利于

make up  构成，组成

make up for  补偿，弥补

a great/good many  许多，大量

many a  许多的

a matter of  关于。。。的问题

no matter how/what/when  无论怎样

by all means  无论如何，必定

by means of  借助于

by no means  决不

in memory of 

at the mercy of  在。。。支配下

keep in mind  记住

have in mind  记住；考虑到

make up one’s mind  下决心

never mind  不要紧，没关系

by mistake  错误的

mix up  混合，混淆

at the moment  现在，此刻

for a moment  片刻，一会儿

fur the moment  现在，暂时

in a moment  立刻，马上

more and more  越来越

more or less 或多或少，几乎

no more  不再

no more than  不过，仅仅

at most  最多，至多

make the most of  充分利用

by nature  天生，就其本性而言

in nature  本质上

neither …nor  既不。。。也不

nothing but  只有，仅仅

every now and then  有时，时时，偶尔

just now  刚才，一会儿

just that  既然，由于

on occasion  有时，不时

at odds with  与。。。不一致，差异，争执

off and on  断断续续，不时地

and so on  等等

all at once  突然

at once  立刻，马上

once for all  一劳永逸

once more  再一次，又一次

once another  相互

come/go into operation  开始运转

put/bring into operation  使生效，使运转

in order  秩序井然，整齐

in order to  为了

in order that  以便

out of order  发生故障，混乱

put in order  修理，检修

every other  每隔一个

other than   除了

over and over  一再，再三

owing to  由于

on one’s own  独自的，独立的

keep pace with  跟上，与。。。同步

take pains  尽力，煞费苦心

play a role  起作用

take part in  参加

in particular  特别的，尤其

pass away  去世，逝世

pass off  终止，停止

pass out  失去知觉，昏倒

in the past  在过去

pay back  偿还，回报

pay off  使。。。得益，有报偿

pay up  全部付清

pick out  选出，挑出

pick up  拣起；搭人；获得

in place  在适当的位置

in place of  代替

in the first place  起初，首先

in the last place  最后

take place  发生

take the place of  代替

play with  以。。。为消遣，玩弄

come to the point  说到要点

on the point of  即将。。。的时候

point out  指出

to the point  切中要害，切题

bring/put…into practice  实施，实行

in practice  在实践中，实际上

out of practice  久不练习，荒疏

at present  目前，现在

for the present  目前，暂时

prey on  捕食；杀害；折磨

make progress  进步，进展

in proportion to  成比例

in public  公开的，当众

pull down  拆毁，拉倒；降低

pull off  脱衣帽等

pull out  拔出，取出

put away  放好，收好，储存

put down  记下，放下；镇压，平定

put forward  提出

put off  推迟，推延

put on  穿上，戴上；增加（体重）

put out  熄灭，消灭

put up  举起，升起；建造，搭起；张贴

put up with  容忍，忍受

in question  正在考虑

at random  随机的，任意的

at any rate  无论如何

would rather…than  宁愿

rather than  而不是

by reason of  由于

refer to  参考，查阅；提到；把。。。提交

as regards  关于，至于

with regard to  对于，就。。。而论

in relation to  关于

as a result  结果，因此

in return  作为回报，作为报答

get rid of  摆脱，除去

ring off  挂断电话

give rise to  引起，使发生，造成

all round  周围，处处

as a rule  通常，照例

run for  竞选

run into  撞上，偶然碰见

run out of  用完，用尽，耗尽

run over  浏览，复习

in the long run  从长远来看

for the sake of  看在。。。的份上

on sale  出售

all the same  仍然，照样地

the same as  与。。。一致，与。。。相同

on a large scale  大规模的

on a small scale  小规模的

ahead of schedule  提前

behind schedule  晚点

on schedule  按预定时间

in secret  秘密的，私下的

see through看穿，识破

in a sense  从某种意义上说

make sense  有意义，言之有理

in sequence  依次，逐一

a series of  一系列，一连串

serve as 作为，用作

set about  开始，着手

set aside  挑出，留出

set back  推迟，延缓；阻碍

set down  卸下，放下；记下

set forth  阐明，陈述

set off  出发，动身；引起，使发生

set out  陈列，显示；动身，起程；制定

set up  创立，建立，树立

settle down  定居，过安定的生活

run short  用完，耗尽

for short  简称，缩写

in short  简而言之，总之

show in  领入

show off  炫耀，卖弄

show up  使呈现；出席，到场

sick of  厌烦

side by side  肩并肩，一个挨一个

at first sight  乍一看，初看起来

in sight  被见到

catch sight of  发现，突然发现

out of sight  看不见，在视野之外

ever since  从那时起，自那时以来

sit for  参加

sit in on  列席；旁听

ever so  非常，极其

or so  大约，左右

so…as to   结果是，如此。。。以至于

so far  迄今为止

so that  以便，为的是，结果是

so …that  如此。。。以致

as soon as  一。。。就

no sooner …than   一。。。就

sooner or latter  迟早，早晚

speed up  加速

in spite of  不管，尽管

on the spot  当场，在现场

at stake  在危险中

stand by  站在一边，袖手旁观

stand for  代表，意味着

stand out  突出，显眼

stand up  站起来

stand up for  为。。。辩护，维护

sand up to  勇敢面对，坚持抵抗，经得起

in step  同步，合拍

step by step  逐步

step up  提高；加快；加紧

out of step  步调不一致，不协调

step in  插入，介入

stick out  伸出，突然；坚持到底

stick to  坚持，忠于，信守

in stock  备有

in succession  连续地

such as  诸如，例如

such…that  如此。。。以至

all of a sudden  突然

in sum  总而言之

sum up  总结，概括

make sure  查明，确信，确定

take …as   把。。。作为

take after  与。。。相象

take apart  拆卸

take away  消除，消耗

take down  记下，写下

take…for  把。。。认为是，把。。。看成是

take in  接受，吸收；了解；理解；欺骗

take off  脱下；起飞

take on  呈现；承担；从事

take over  接管，接办

take to  喜欢，亲近

tall back  回嘴，顶嘴

talk into  说服

in tears  流着泪，含泪

lose one’s temper  发怒，发脾气

in terms of  依据，按照；用。。。措词

thanks to  由于，幸亏

and then  而且，其次，然后

for one thing  首先，一则

think of  想起，想到

think of…as  把。。。看做是，以为。。。是

think over  仔细考虑

as though  好象

thousands of  许多，无数

all the time  一直，始终

at a time  每次，一次

at no time  从不，决不

at one time  曾经，从前曾

at times  有时

for the time being  目前，暂时

from time to time  有时，不时

in no time  立即，马上

in time  及时，适时

on time  准时

once upon a time  从前

take one’s time  不急不忙，从容进行

by the same token  由于同样的原因，同样地

keep in touch  保持联系

out of touch  失去联系

touch on  关系到，涉及

keep track  注意动向

lose track  失去联系

in truth  实际上，的确

try out  试验

try on  试穿

by turns  轮流

in turn  依次，轮流

turn down  关小，低调；拒绝

turn in  交出

turn into 变成

turn off  关掉，断开

turn on  接通，打开

turn out结果是

turn over  翻过来；转移；转交

turn to 求助于，借助于

turn up出现

take turns  轮流

up to  直到；胜任；适于

make use of  利用

put into use  使用，利用

use up  用完

as usual  像往常一样。照例

a variety of  种种，各种

on the verge of  接近于，濒于

by virtue of  由于

by the way  顺便提一下

by way of  经由，通过。。。方式

give way  让路，让步

in a way  从某点上看，在某种程度上

in no way  决不

in one’s way /in the way  妨碍，阻碍

make one’s way  前进，行进

make way  开路，让路

what if  如果。。。将会怎样

whether…or  是。。。还是

for a while  暂时，一时

once in a while  偶尔，有时

after a while  过了一会，不久

on the whole  总的来说

wipe out  擦去，除去，消灭

in a word  总而言之

in other words  换句话说，也就是说

keep one’s word 守信用

word for word  逐字地

at work  在工作，忙于

out of work  失业

work out  决；算出；制定出

work up  引起；逐渐上升

in the word  到底，究竟

at worst  在最坏的情况下

write off  报废；勾销，注销

go wrong  发生故障，出毛病

as yet  到目前为止；到那时为止

2    under the control of     置于…控制之下

3    up to date                       时兴的，切合目前情况的

4    ugly                                 ['ʌgli] a.丑的，丑陋的；讨厌的，邪恶的

5    ultimate                          ['ʌltimit] a.最后的，最终的 n.终极，顶点

6    ultraviolet                      [ˌʌltrə'vaiəlit] a.紫外线的 n.紫外线辐射

7    umbrella                         [ʌm'brelə] n.雨伞

8    unable                            [ʌn'eibəl] a.不能够的，没有办法的

9    unaware                         [ˌʌnə'weə] a.没有发觉的，不知道的

10  unbearable                    [ʌn'beərəbəl] a.不能容忍的；忍受不住的

11  uncertain                        [ʌn'sə:tn] a.不确定的，不明确的，含糊的

12  uncertainty                     [ʌn'sə:tənti] n.不确定；不稳定；(复数)不确定的事

13  uncle                               ['ʌŋkəl] n.叔叔，伯伯，舅父，姑父

14  uncomfortable               [ʌn'kʌmftəbəl] a.不舒服的，不自在的

15  unconscious                  [ʌn'kɔnʃəs] a.失去知觉的；无意的；不知道的

16  uncover                          [ʌn'kʌvə] vt.揭开覆盖物，打开…的包装，使…露出

17  under                              ['ʌndə] prep.在…下面； 在…以下 ad.在下面；少于

18  undergo                         [ˌʌndə'gəu] vt.经历，忍受

19  undergraduate              [ˌʌndə'grædʒuit] n.大学生

20  underground                 [ˌʌndə'graund] a.地下的；秘密的 n.地下铁路；地下组织

21  underline                       [ˌʌndə'lain, 'ʌndərlain] vt.强调；在…下划线

22  undermine                     [ˌʌndə'main] v.挖掘；侵蚀…基础；逐渐伤害(健康)

23  underneath                    [ˌʌndə'ni:θ] prep.在…之下 ad.在下面，在底层；在里面

24  understand                    [ˌʌndə'stænd] vt.懂；理解，领会；获悉，听说

25  understanding               [ˌʌndə'stændiŋ] n.洞察力，理解力；理解 a.能体谅人的

26  undertake                      [ˌʌndə'teik] vt.着手做，从事，承担；保证，答应

27  undo                               [ʌn'du:] v.解开，松开；取消

28  undoubtedly                  [ʌn'dautidli] ad.不容置疑地，肯定地

29  unemployed                   [ˌʌnim'plɔid] a.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

30  unemployment               [ˌʌnim'plɔimənt] n.失业

31  unexpected                   [ʌniks'pektid] a.意料之外的，突然的

32  unexpectedly                 ['ʌniks'pektidli] ad.未料到地，意外地

33  unfair                              [ʌn'feə] a.不公平的，不正当的

34  unfit                                [ʌn'fit] a.不合适的，不能胜任的

35  unforgettable                [ˌʌnfə'getəbəl] a.难忘的，不会忘记的

36  unfortunate                    [ʌn'fɔ:tʃunit] a.使人遗憾的；不幸的

37  unfortunately                 [ʌn'fɔ:tʃunitli] ad.不幸地，可惜的是

38  unhappy                         [ʌn'hæpi] a.不高兴的，愁苦的

39  unhealthy                       [ʌn'helθi] a.不健康的

40  unidentified                   [ˌʌnai'dentifaid] a.身份(国籍)不明的不明来由的，未确认的

41  unification                      [ˌju:nifi'keiʃən] n.统一，单一化

42  uniform                           ['ju:nifɔ:m] n.制服 a.相同的，均匀的，一致的

43  unify                                ['ju:nifai] vt.统一，使一致

44  unintelligible                 [ˌʌnin'telidʒəbl] a.难理解的，难懂的

45  union                              ['ju:niən] n.社，会；联邦，联盟；联合，合并

46  unique                            [ju:'ni:k] a.唯一的；独特的 n.独一无二的事物秥1

47  unit                                  ['ju:nit] n.单位，部队；单元，部件

48  unite                               [ju(:)'nait] v.联合，统一，合并；(使)一致行动

49  United Nations               [ju:'naitid 'neiʃənz] n.联合国

50  United States                 [ju:'naitid 'steits] n.美国

51  unity                                ['ju:niti] n.统一，联合；协调，一致

52  universal                        [ˌju:ni'və:səl] a.全世界的，普遍的

53  universe                         ['ju:nivə:s] n.宇宙

54  university                       [ˌju:ni'və:siti] n.(综合性)大学

55  unknown                        [ˌʌn'nəun] a.未知的；无名的；陌生的

56  unless                             [ʌn'les] conj.如果不，除非

57  unlike                              [ˌʌn'laik] prep.不象…，和…不同 a.不同的

58  unlikely                           [ʌn'laikli] a.未必的，多半不可能的；不大可能发生的

59  unnecessary                  [ʌn'nesəsəri] a.不必要的，多余的

60  unpleasant                     [ʌn'plezənt] a.使人不愉快的；讨厌的

61  unprecedented             [ʌn'presidentid] a.史无前例的

62  unquestionable             [ʌn'kwestʃənəbəl] a.无疑的，确实的，无可非议的

63  until                                 [ən'til, ʌn'til] prep./conj.直到…为止，在…以前；直到…

64  unusual                          [ʌn'ju:ʒuəl] a.异常的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的

65  unveil                             [ˌʌn'veil] v.除去…的覆盖；举行…的揭幕典礼；揭露

66  up                                    [ʌp] ad.向上 a.向上的 prep.向上,向高处

67  up to                               该由…；直到；从事于；胜任

68  update                            [ˌʌp'deit] v.使…成最新，更新 n.最新版

69  uphold                            [ˌʌp'həuld] vt.支撑；赞成；鼓励；坚持

70  upon                               [ə'pɔn] =on

71  upper                              ['ʌpə] a.上面的；地位较高的

72  upright                            ['ʌprait] a.直立地，竖立地；正直的，诚实的

73  upset                              [ʌp'set] vt.打乱；使心烦意乱；使不舒服 vi.倾覆

74  upside-down                  ['ʌpsaid'daun] a.颠倒的，乱七八糟的

75  upstairs                          [ˌʌp'steəz] ad.往(在)楼上

76  up-to-date                      ['ʌptə'deit] a.最新的，现代的

77  upwards                         ['ʌpwədz] ad.向上；在更高处；…以上

78  uranium                          [ju'reiniəm] n.铀

79  urban                              ['ə:bən] a.都市的，城市的

80  urge                                [ə:dʒ] v./n.强烈希望，竭力主张；鼓励，促进

81  urgency                          ['ə:dʒəsi] n.紧急(的事)

82  urgent                             ['ə:dʒənt] a.紧急的；急切的

83  us                                    [ʌs, əs] pron.[we的宾格]我们

84  usage                              ['ju:sidʒ, -zi-] n.用法，使用；惯用法，习语

85  use                                  [ju:z, ju:s] n.使用，应用；用途；益处 vt.用；耗费

86  use up                            用完，耗尽

87  used                                [ju:zd, ju:st] a.用过的，旧的；习惯于…的 v.过去惯于

88  used to                           ['ju:stə] (过去)总是

89  useful                             ['ju:sfəl] a.有用的，实用的

90  useless                           ['ju:sləs] a.无用的，无效的

91  user                                ['ju:zə] n.使用者，用户

92  usual                               ['ju:ʒuəl, 'ju:ʒəl] a.通常的，平常的，惯例的

93  usually                            ['ju:ʒuəli, 'ju:ʒəli] ad.通常，一般

94  utility                               [ju:'tiliti] n.效用，实用；公用事业

95  utilize                              ['ju:tilaiz] v.利用，使用

96  utilise                              v.利用，使用

97  utmost                            ['ʌtməust] a.极度的 n.极限，最大可能的

98  utter                                ['ʌtə] vt.说；说出 a.完全的，十足的，彻底的

99  under way                      在进行中

2      lose heart                失去信心

3      lab                             [læb] =laboratory n.实验室

4      label                         ['leibəl] n.标签，标记 vt.贴标签于

5      labor                         ['leibə] n.劳动；工人 v.劳动；费力地前进

6      labour                       ['leibə] n.劳动；工人 v.劳动；费力地前进

7      lack                           [læk] v./n.缺乏，缺少，短缺

8      ladder                       ['lædə] n.梯子，阶梯

9      lady                           ['leidi] n.夫人，女士；(pl.)女盥洗室

10    lag                             [læg] n.落后，滞后 vi.落后，走得慢

11    lake                           [leik] n.湖，湖泊

12    lamb                          [læm] n.小羊，羔羊；羔羊肉

13    lamp                          [læmp] n.灯

14    land                          [lænd] n.陆地；土地；国家 v.使…着陆

15    landing                     ['lændiŋ] n.着陆；楼梯平台

16    landlord                   ['lændlɔ:d] n.地主，房东

17    landscape                ['lændskeip] n.风景，景色；风景画，风景照片

18    lane                          [lein] n.小路，小巷；车道，跑道

19    language                  ['læŋgwidʒ] n.语言

20    lantern                     ['læntən] n.灯笼

21    lap                             [læp] n.膝部；(跑道的)一圈

22    large                         [lɑ:dʒ] a.大的 n.大[只用于短语]

23    largely                      ['lɑ:dʒli] ad.大部分，主要地

24    laser                         ['leizə] n.激光

25    last                            [lɑ:st] a.最后的；最近的 ad.最后(地) vi.持续

26    late                           [leit] a.迟的；晚期的；最近的 ad.迟，晚

27    lately                         ['leitli] ad.最近，近来，不久前

28    later                          ['leitə] ad.后来，过一会儿

29    later on                    后来，过些时候

30    Latin                         ['lætin] n./a.拉丁；拉丁语(的)；拉丁人(的)

31    latter                         ['lætə] a.后面的；后一半的 n.后者

32    laugh                        [lɑ:f] v.笑 n.笑(声)

33    laugh at                    嘲笑，因…而笑

34    laughter                   ['lɑ:ftə] n.笑，笑声

35    launch                      [lɔ:ntʃ] vt.使(船)下水；发射(导弹) n.发射

36    laundry                     ['lɔ:ndri] n.洗衣店；洗好的衣服，洗涤

37    lavatory                    ['lævətəri] n.盥洗室，厕所

38    law                            [lɔ:] n.法律；法规，法制；定律，规律

39    lawful                        ['lɔ:fəl] a.合法的，法定的

40    lawn                          [lɔ:n] n.草地，草坪

41    lawyer                       ['lɔ:jə] n.律师

42    lay                             [lei] v.放置；覆盖；安置；产卵

43    lay aside                   置于一边(而不顾)；留作储蓄

44    lay down                   制定，规定；放下

45    layer                         ['leiə] n.层(次)

46    layout                       ['leiaut] n.布局，安排，设计

47    lazy                           ['leizi] a.懒惰的，懒散的

48    lead                          [li:d] v.领导；为…带路；导致 n.领导

49    lead to                      通往；导致

50    lead                          [li:d] n.铅

51    leader                       ['li:də] n.领袖，领导者

52    leadership               ['li:dəʃip] n.领导

53    leading                     ['li:diŋ] a.最重要的，首位的；领导的

54    leaf                           [li:f] n.叶(子)；张，页；薄金属片

55    leaflet                       ['li:flit] n.传单

56    league                      [li:g] n.同盟，联盟；协会，社团

57    leak                           [li:k] vi.漏；泄露出去 n.漏洞；泄露

58    lean                          [li:n] vi.倾斜；屈身；靠 a.无油脂的,瘦的

59    lean against/on       靠着,依偎着

60    leap                          [li:p] v.跳，跃；跃过 n.跳跃；飞跃

61    learn                         [lə:n] v.学习，学会；得知，获悉；记住

62    learn from                向…学习

63    learned                    ['lə:nid] a.博学的，有学问的

64    lease                        [li:s] n.租约，契约

65    least                         [li:st] a.最小的 ad.最少 n.最小

66    leather                     ['leðə] n.皮革

67    leave                        [li:v] vt.离开；留下；遗留 vi.离开 n.许可

68    leave alone             让独自呆着；不打扰，不干预

69    leave behind           不带，忘了带；遗留，留下

70    leave out                 遗漏，省略

71    lecture                     ['lektʃə] n./v.演讲，讲课

72    lecturer                    ['lektʃərə] n.演讲者，讲师

73    left                            [left] a.左边的 ad.向左 n.左面；(L-)左派

74    leg                            [leg] n.腿(部)

75    legal                         ['li:gəl] a.法律(上)的；法定的，合法的

76    legend                      ['ledʒənd] n.传说，传奇；传奇文学；传奇性人物或事件

77    legislation                [ˌledʒis'leiʃən] n.立法；法规，法律

78    leisure                      ['leʒə] n.空闲时间，闲暇；悠闲，安逸

79    lemon                       ['lemən] n.柠檬；柠檬汁

80    lend                          [lend] vt.把…借给，贷给，出借

81    length                       [leŋθ] n.长(度)，距离；一段，一节

82    lengthen                  ['leŋθən] vt.使伸长，延长

83    lens                          [lenz] n.透镜，镜头

84    less                           [les] a./ad.更少的(地)；较次(劣)的(地)

85    lessen                      ['lesən] v.变小(少)，减少

86    lesson                      ['lesən] n.课业，功课，课程；教训，经验

87    lest                           [lest] conj.唯恐，免得

88    let                             [let] vt.让,允许；设,使；出租

89    let alone                   更别提；不打扰，不惊动

90    let down                   ['letdaun] 使失望，放下

91    let...off                      排放；放过，宽恕

92    let out                       放走，释放；发出

93    letter                        ['letə] n.字母，文字；信，函件

94    level                         ['levəl] n.水平面；等级 a.平的，水平的

95    lever                         ['li:və] n.杠杆；控制杆，推杆

96    liability                      [ˌlaiə'biliti] n.责任，义务；(pl.)债务；倾向

97    liable                        ['laiəbəl] a.常患…的；有…倾向的；有偿付责任的

98    liar                            ['laiə] n.说谎者

99    liberal                       ['libərəl] a.自由主义的；大方的；心胸开阔的

100  liberate                    ['libəreit] v.解放，使获得自由；释出，放出

101  liberty                       ['libəti] n.自由，释放；(pl.)准许(权)，许可

102  librarian                   [lai'breəriən] n.图书馆馆长(或管理员)

103  library                       ['laibrəri] n.图书馆，图书室；藏书

104  licence                     ['laisəns] n.执照；许可 vt.批准，发给…执照

105  lick                            [lik] n./vt.舔

106  lid                              [lid] n.盖(子)

107  lie                              [lai] vi.躺，平放；位于，在于 v.说谎 n.谎话

108  lie in                         在于

109  life                            [laif] n.生命；生物；寿命；生活

110  lifetime                     ['laiftaim] n.终生, 一生

111  lift                             [lift] v.提升；(尤指云、雾)消散 n.举起；电梯

112  light                          [lait] n.光 v.点燃；照亮 a.轻的；不费力的

113  lighten                      ['laitn] vt.减轻(负担)；使轻松愉快；使明亮

114  lightning                  ['laitniŋ] n.闪电

115  like                            [laik] a.相像的 prep.像，和…一样 v.喜欢，希望

116  likely                         ['laikli] a.很可能的 ad.可能地

117  likeness                   ['laiknis] n.相像，相似(之处)

118  likewise                    ['laikwaiz] ad.同样地，也

119  limb                           [lim] n.肢，臂，翼

120  limit                           ['limit] n.界限 vt.限制，限定

121  limitation                  [ˌlimi'teiʃən] n.限制，限度；局限，弱点

122  limited                      ['limitid] a.小的，有限的

123  limp                           [limp] vi.蹒跚，一瘸一拐地走 a.软弱的

124  line                           [lain] n.线；电线；路线 vt.(使)排成行

125  line up (for)             (使)排队，(使)排成行

126  liner                          ['lainə] n.班船，班机

127  link                            [liŋk] n.环，联系 vi.连接，联系

128  lion                           ['laiən] n.狮子

129  lip                              [lip] n.嘴唇

130  liquid                        ['likwid] n.液体 a.液体的，液态的

131  liquor                        ['likə] n.酒

132  list                             [list] n.目录，名单，表 v.列表，排列

133  listen                        ['lisən] vi.听；听信，听从

134  listen to                    听，听从

135  literally                     ['litərəli] ad.确实地；照字面地，逐字地

136  literary                      ['litərəri] a.文学的，从事写作的

137  literature                  ['litərətʃə] n.文学(作品)；文献，图书资料

138  litre                           ['li:tə] n.升

139  liter                           ['li:tə] n.升

140  little                          ['litl] a.小的；不多的 n.几乎没有 ad.毫不

141  live                           [liv] v.居住；生存 a.有生命的 ad.实况地

142  live by                      靠…过活

143  live on/upon            靠…生存

144  live up to                 不辜负…的期望，够得上

145  livelihood                ['laivlihud] n.生计，谋生之道

146  lively                         ['laivli] a.活泼的；逼真的

147  liver                          ['livə] n.肝(脏)

148  living                        ['liviŋ] a.活着的 n.生活，生计

149  load                          [ləud] v.装载 n.装载量；负荷

150  loaf                           [ləuf] n.一条(面包)

151  loan                          [ləun] n.贷款，暂借 v.借出，贷于

152  lobby                        ['lɔbi] n.门厅，(饭店等)接待厅

153  local                          ['ləukəl] a.当地的，地方的，本地的；局部的

154  locate                       [ləu'keit] vt.把…设置在；探明

155  location                    [ləu'keiʃən] n.位置，场所

156  lock                           [lɔk] n.锁 v.(被)锁上

157  locomotive              [ˌləukə'məutiv] n.机车，火车头 a.运动的；运载的

158  lodge                        [lɔdʒ] vt.供…以临时住宿 vi.寄宿

159  log                            [lɔg] n.原木，圆木；航海(飞行)日志

160  logic                         ['lɔdʒik] n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性

161  logical                      ['lɔdʒikəl] a.逻辑的，合乎逻辑的

162  London                     ['lʌndən] n.伦敦

163  loneliness                ['ləunliniz] n.孤独，寂寞

164  lonely                       ['ləunli] a.孤独的，寂寞的；荒凉的，人迹稀少的

165  long                          [lɔŋ] a.长(的)；长时间的 ad.长期地 vi.渴望

166  long for                    渴望

167  longitude                 ['lɔndʒitju:d] n.经度

168  look                          [luk] vi.看；看起来 n.看；外表，脸色

169  look after                 ['a:ftə] 照顾，寻求

170  look at                      看

171  look back                 回顾

172  look down upon      俯视；轻视

173  look for                    寻找

174  look forward to       期待

175  look in                      顺便看望

176  look into                   观察，调查

177  look on                     旁观，观望

178  look over                 检查；放过，宽待

179  look through           仔细查看

180  look up                     查阅

181  look up to                敬重，尊敬

182  loose                        [lu:s] a.松的，宽松的 v.释放，解开

183  loosen                      ['lu:sən] v.解开，放松，松驰

184  lord                           [lɔ:d] n.贵族，老爷；领主，君主；(L-)上帝

185  lorry                          ['lɔri] n.卡车，货运汽车

186  lose                          [lu:z] vt.丢失；迷路；输掉 vi.亏本；失败

187  loss                           [lɔs] n.遗失；亏损；失败

188  lost                           [lɔst] a.失去的；错过的；无望的

189  lot                             [lɔt] n.许多，大量；签，抽签

190  loud                          [laud] a./ad.大声的(地)，响亮的(地)

191  loudspeaker            [ˌlaud'spi:kə] n.扩音器，喇叭

192  love                          [lʌv] vt.爱；爱好 n.爱，爱情，喜欢

193  lovely                       ['lʌvli] a.美丽的，可爱的；有趣的，令人愉快的

194  lover                         ['lʌvə] n.爱好者；情人

195  low                            [ləu] a.低的，矮的；低下的，低等的

196  lower                        ['ləuə] a.较低的，下等的 vt.放下，放低

197  loyal                          ['lɔiəl] a.忠诚的，忠实的

198  loyalty                       ['lɔiəlti] n.忠诚，忠心

199  lubricate                  ['lu:brikeit] vt.润滑，加润滑油

200  luck                           [lʌk] n.运气；幸运，好运

201  lucky                         ['lʌki] a.幸运的，吉祥的，侥幸的

202  luggage                    ['lʌgidʒ] n.行李

203  lump                         [lʌmp] n.块；肿块 vt.把…归并到一起

204  lunar                         ['lu:nə] a.月球的，按月球运转而测定的

205  lunch                        [lʌntʃ] n.午餐，便饭

206  lung                          [lʌŋ] n.肺

207  lure                           [ljuə, luə] n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物 vt.引诱，吸引

208  luxurious                 [lʌg'zjuəriəs] a.奢侈的，豪华的

209  luxury                       ['lʌkʃəri] n.奢侈(品)，豪华

210  lose sight (of)          没看见；失明；忽略

211  lose one's temper  发脾气

212  leave word              留言