The Subjunctive Mood（虚拟语气）

A verb is in the subjunctive mood when it expresses a condition which is doubtful or not factual.

 

subjunctive mood 虚拟式[语气]

subjunctive[sEb5dVQNktiv]adj.虚拟的n.虚拟语气

mood[mu:d]n.心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态

 

express[iks5pres]adj.急速的, 特殊的, 明确的n.快车, 快递, 专使vt.表达, 表示adv.乘快车, 以快递方式

press[pres]n.压, 按, 印刷, 压力, 拥挤, 紧握, 新闻vt.压, 压榨, 紧抱, 逼迫vi.压, 逼迫, 拥挤, 受压

 

condition[kEn5diFEn]n.条件, 情形, 环境, 社会地位vt.以...为条件, 使达到要求的情况

tradition[trE5diFEn]n.传统, 惯例

 

doubtful[5dautful]adj.可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的

doubt[daut]n.怀疑, 疑惑, 疑问v.怀疑, 不信, 拿不准, <古>恐怕

 

factual[5fAktjuEl]adj.事实的, 实际的

fact[fAkt]n.事实, 实际, 实情, 真相, (犯罪)行为, 论据

 

It is most often found in a clause beginning with the word if.

clause[klC:z]n.子句, 条款

 

It is also found in clauses following a verb that expresses a doubt, a wish, regret, request, demand, or proposal.

doubt[daut]n.怀疑, 疑惑, 疑问v.怀疑, 不信, 拿不准, <古>恐怕

wish[wiF]n.愿望, 心愿, 请求, 所愿望的事物, 祝愿v.希望, 想要, 但愿, 祝贺

regret[ri5^ret]n.遗憾, 悔恨, 抱歉, 歉意vt.为...感到遗憾, 后悔, 惋惜, 哀悼, 懊悔vi.

感到抱歉

request[ri5kwest]vt.请求, 要求n.请求, 要求, 邀请

quest[kwest]n.寻求

demand[di5mB:nd]n.要求, 需求(量), 需要v.要求, 需要, 要求知道, 查询

proposal[prE5pEuzEl]n.提议, 建议

propose[prE5pEuz]vt.计划, 建议, 向...提议, 求(婚)vi.打算, 求婚

 

These are verbs typically followed by clauses that take the subjunctive:

ask, demand, determine, insist, move, order, pray, prefer, recommend, regret, request, require, suggest, and wish.

 

typical[5tipikEl]adj.典型的, 模范的, 成为标本的，象征的

typically[`tIpIkElI]adv.代表性地, 作为特色地

typic[5tipik]adj.典型的, 象征性的

 

follow[5fClEu]vt.跟随, 追随, 沿...而行, 理解, 遵循, 从事, 追求, 注视vi.跟随, 接着n.

跟随, 追随

 

pray[prei]v.祈祷, 恳求, 请

prefer[pri5fE:]vt.更喜欢, 宁愿

recommend[rekE5mend]vt.推荐, 介绍, 劝告, 使受欢迎, 托付, 使...受欢迎, 使...可取

suggest[sE5dVest]vt.建议, 提出, 使想起, 暗示

 

 

In English there is no difference between the subjunctive and normal, or indicative, form of the verb except for the present tense third person singular and for the verb to be.

 

normal[5nC:mEl]n.正规, 常态, [数学]法线adj.正常的, 正规的, 标准的

present tense  n.[语]现在时

 

indicative[in5dikEtiv]adj.指示的; 表示的; 象征的; 预示的【语】陈述的; 直述的

the indicative mood 【语】陈述语气

 

the present tense 现在时

third person singular 第三人称单数

singular[5siN^julE]n.单数

regular[5re^julE]adj.规则的

 

except for  adv.除...以外

except[ik5sept]vt.除, 把...除外, 反对, 不计vi.反对prep.除了...之外, 若不是, 除非conj.

只是, 要不是

accept[Ek5sept]vt.接受, 认可, 承担, 承兑vi.同意, 承认

 

 

The subjunctive for the present tense third person singular drops the -s or -es so that it looks and sounds like the present tense for everything else.

so that  conj. 所以,所以, 因要

 

The subjunctive mood of the verb to be is be in the present tense and were in the past tense, regardless of what the subject is.

 

regardless of  adj.不管, 不顾

regardless[ri5^B:dlis]adj.不管, 不顾, 不注意

regard[ri5^B:d]n.关心, 注意, 尊敬, 尊重, 致意, 问候, 关系

vt.看待, 当作, 重视, 尊敬, 关系

 

Incorrect(错): If I was you, I would run.

Correct（正确）: If I were you, I would run.

 

incorrect[7inkE5rekt]adj.错误的, 不正确的

correct[kE5rekt]adj.正确的, 恰当的, 端正的vt.改正, 纠正, 告诫, 惩戒

 

 

(The verb follows if and expresses a non-factual condition.)

Incorrect: I wish he was able to type faster.

Correct: I wish he were able to type faster.

be able to  v.能, 会

 

(The second verb is in a clause following a verb expressing a wish. It also suggests a non-factual or doubtful condition.)

 

condition[kEn5diFEn]n.条件, 情形, 环境, 社会地位vt.以...为条件, 使达到要求的情况

 

Incorrect: His requirement is that everyone is computer literate.

Correct: His requirement is that everyone be computer literate.

(Subordinate clause follows main clause with a demand.)

subordinate clause n. 〈语法〉从句

subordinate[sE5bC:dinit]adj.次要的, 从属的, 下级的n.下属v.服从

main clause  n.[语法] 主句

 

requirement[ri5kwaiEmEnt]n.需求, 要求, 必要条件, 需要的东西, 要求必备的条件

require[ri5kwaiE]vt.需要, 要求, 命令

 

 

Incorrect: He recommended that each driver reports his tips.

Correct: He recommended that each driver report his tips.

Sometimes we may use the conditional auxiliary verbs of could, should, or would to express the same sense.

 

auxiliary verb  n. 助动词

auxiliary[C:^5ziljEri]adj.辅助的, 补助的

 

Subjunctive(虚拟语气):I wish he were kinder to me.

Conditional（条件句）: I wish he would be kinder to me.

conditional[kEn5diFnEl]adj.有条件的, 引起条件反应的

 

Note: In modern English, the subjunctive is found only in subordinate clauses.

Modern English 近代英语

subordinate clause n. 〈语法〉从句