Program Flowchart:

 Project Example ： tip005b.rar

1. Token Ring Networks
2. Gap Updates
3. Tokens, Masters, and Slaves
4. Bringing in a New Master
5. “Busy’s” and Starving
6. CP vs PC/PPI
7. Busy’s Revisited
8. Addendum A: A Note for Micro/WIN and Micro/DOS Users
9. Addendum B: Network Component Matrix
10. Addendum C: Physical Data
11. Addendum D: Panel-Tec Information
12. General Notes

Networking
        The four connected devices in Figure 42.1 form a simple network. There are two CPU 224s and two CPU 222s. This network will be the basis for a discussion of more complicated networks and will help to illustrate some of the Dos and Don’ts of networking. We will be using PPI protocol for our communication. PPI is the default communications protocol of the CPU 224 and CPU 222. Freeport mode (in which serial communications are handled by the user program) are not discussed here.

Figure 1 The Basic Network

Token Ring Networks
        PPI networks are “Token Ring Networks.” This means that the masters pass control of the network to each other by passing a ‘token.’ For example, the network shown in Figure 1 has four stations. Stations 2 and 3 are masters, and Stations 4 and 5 are slaves.

        At power-up the slaves start up, run their programs, and listen to the network for a request. Each master listens for network traffic. If it finds traffic, it builds a list of the active master stations before it is ready to join the network. If a master has listened to the network for a preset listening time without hearing any network traffic, it establishes a network by passing the token to itself. The listening time is shorter for lower station addresses, so the master with the lowest station address normally establishes the network. If the master receives its own token successfully, the network is established. The other masters continue listening and are later brought on-line. See the example below.

Figure 2  At Power-up, each master sits idle for a period based on its station address. The master with the lowest station address finishes its timeout first, and passes itself the token, preventing any of the other masters from seizing control.

        In Figure 2 the network has just been powered up and both of the masters are sitting idle in listening mode. The first master to finish its listening (Station 2) passes itself the token, letting all the other masters on the network know that it has control. This is the simplest token ring, one master continually passing the token to itself (See Figure 3).

Figure 3  Station 2 is in a single master ring, continually passing itself the token, but also looking at a different station before each token pass, trying to find other masters waiting to come online. When it polls Station 3 and gets a positive response, Station 3 is brought into the ring.

Gap Updates
        Before each token pass, the master with the token performs what is called a ‘gap update.’ In a gap update, a single station address in the ‘gap’ is polled to see if a master is waiting there to come into the network. A master’s gap consists of all station addresses between the master itself and the next known master. So if the first master on-line is Station 2, then before the first time it passes the token, it checks to see if there is a master ready to come on at Station 3. During the next token cycle it checks Station 4, then Station 5, and so on, until it reaches the ‘Highest Station Address’. The address checking then continues with zero and back to the address of the master (See Figure 4).

The highest station address (HSA) is the highest address that a master checks when it is looking for another master. This value is specified for each master on the network. The highest station address must be set to a value greater than the all master addresses. If a master address is set to a value greater than the highest station address of the other masters on the network, it will never be brought on-line by the other masters. The highest station address is usually set as low as possible so that the gap is small and new masters will be brought on-line quickly.

Another parameter affecting the gap update is the ‘gap factor’. The gap factor tells a master how often to check for a new master in the gap. A gap factor of one causes a master to check a station in the gap each time it holds the token. A gap factor of ten causes a master to check a station in the gap every tenth time it holds the token. A low gap factor allows new masters to be brought on-line quickly because the gap is checked more often. A high gap factor increases network performance because less time is spent looking for new masters, but it increases the time required to bring a new master on-line.

Figure 4  A Token Ring Network: Station 3 queries a different station in the gap between itself and Station 2 each time before passing the token; it even queries stations with no devices.

After all the masters have given a positive reply during a gap update and are brought into the network, the token is passed among them in a ring. Each master whose station address is not adjacent to the next master is still performing a gap update (See Figure 5).

Figure 5  The token ring now consists of Stations 2 and 3. Since Station 2 is adjacent to the next master, it no longer checks for new masters. Station 3, however, still checks a different space in the gap during each token rotation.

In our example, all the masters are now in the network and Station 3 is performing the only gap update.

Tokens, Masters, and Slaves
It is important to understand the difference between masters and slaves. In the network, a master is a device who can hold the token. A slave is a device that cannot hold the token. In this example, the CPU 222 is always a slave, meaning that it can only receive network requests and respond to them. It cannot hold the token or issue network commands independently. The CPU 224 is set up as a master. When it becomes a master it can hold the token and issue network commands, but it can still answer the requests of other masters. This is a point that is frequently missed: One master can still be the object of another master’s Network Read or Write.

Bringing in Another Master
For example, suppose that another master is added into the network as Station 20 and is powered up. When it first comes on-line, Station 20 starts its listening cycle. Seeing the token is already moving around the network, it stays in a listening mode for at least two complete token rotations (two cycles of the network) in order to create a map of the current network before it attains a ‘ready to join’ status (See Figure 6).

Figure 6  Station 20 has joined the token ring. At this point, Stations 3 and 20 are both performing a ‘gap update’ (checking for new masters) during every cycle, because the masters are not adjacent.

When it is ready to join the network, Station 20 waits for Station 3 to ask it to join the network. When the gap update of Station 3 cycles back to Station 20 again, Station 20 replies positively and enters the token ring (See Figure 7).

As a further example, let’s say that at Station 20 we have a computer running Micro/WIN, instead of a CPU. A problem arises when both Station 20 and Station 2 both have several messages for Station 3

Figure 8  Station 20 has been changed to a computer with a CP card running Micro/WIN. In this situation, it is possible for the computer to “starve out” one or more of the other devices in the network.

Busys and Starving
The basic problem is this: Micro/WIN, with a hardware-implemented PPI and a fast processor, can keep a CPU or another station so busy that no other masters can contact it (starving the other masters out). In this case, the CPU responds to requests from other masters that it is busy.

There is a simple solution to this problem. You can prevent Micro/WIN from performing a gap update by placing another master at the next station address. As shown in Figure 9, Micro/WIN is now at address 3 and another master is directly after it at Station 4. This setup prevents Micro/WIN from executing a gap update, which forces it to pass the token more quickly and prevents it from tying up a CPU.

Figure 9  Station 20 has been moved to Station 3 to prevent it from performing a gap update and starving out the other masters.

CP vs PC/PPI
In the above example, the programmer has a CP (Communication Processor) card. A programmer with a CP card is always a master device. The CP cards have hardware and software which manage the network for the programming package. CP cards allow programmers to communicate on networks with all types of masters and at any baud rate. NOTE: All devices on a network must be at the same baud rate to work correctly.

The PC/PPI cable is very different because it only converts the RS 232 communication port of the PC to the RS 485 network used by the S7 200 CPUs. Micro/WIN allows a PC using a PC/PPI cable and running Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows Me to be a master by installing a special communication port driver. This driver allows the PC to hold and manage a token, but it is limited to operating at 9600 or 19.2K baud. You enable the master driver by checking the ‘Multiple Master Network’ option on the PG/PC communication interface in Micro/WIN.

The multiple master driver generally operates correctly on most PCs. There are some PCs on which the user must adjust the communication port FIFO settings to allow the driver to operate. On these PCs the receive FIFO should be moved to its lowest setting to allow the driver to operate more efficiently. In addition, for PCs running Windows 2000 or Windows Me the transmit FIFO should also be moved to its lowest setting. Some other PCs do not allow the multi-master driver to operate because of other applications running on the PC. On these systems you may have to close other applications or disable the multi-master driver and use the single master driver.

If you are operating Micro/WIN on a PC running the Windows NT operating system or you have not enabled the ‘Multiple Master Network’ option, Micro/WIN operates in single master mode on the network. In this mode Micro/WIN does not operate as a network master or pass the token to other masters. If you try connecting Micro/WIN to a network with active master devices, you will receive errors and disrupt the communications of the other masters.

Peripherals
There are many other peripherals, such as the TD 200 and the OP 7, that can connect to a network. Both of these devices talk to a certain CPU in the network and behave as masters. Figure 10 shows the physical connection of two TD 200s, an OP 7, and a programmer with a CP card to a basic network.

Figure 10  The Basic Network Adds Peripherals

Figure 11  The Basic Network Talks to Its Peripherals

The reason these devices are masters is that each peripheral has to initiate a request to gather data from the CPUs. To do this, it needs access to the network. Generally each device talks to a separate CPU (See Figure 12).

Figure 12  The Peripherals Communicate on the Basic Network

Peripherals Addressing the Same Unit
If each of these peripherals were trying to address the same unit, the “busy” problems discussed above can arise (Figure 13). The TD 200 and the programmer with the CP card can handle the problem, but the OP 7 (and up) can only perform moderately well and the OP 3 will not cooperate at all.

Figure 13  The Basic Network Gets Confused

Note for Micro/WIN
When a PC with a CP card running Micro/Win is connected to a network, you may get a time-out error saying that the programmer can’t join the network. This situation occurs because each master has to wait to be polled before it can come into the network, and because some ‘gaps’ may contain a hundred or more different addresses. Ignore the message, wait a few seconds, and then proceed normally. Generally, by the time you need to do network tasks the programmer will have joined the network.

Note:  Some of the most common errors in networking occur because the network has devices in it that can’t communicate effectively. To prevent this communication problem, do the following:

• Be sure that you don’t have multiple masters on a network with a device that doesn’t support multi-master connections.
• Be sure that you don’t have devices that can’t handle ‘busy’s on the same network as devices with a hardware-implemented communication protocol.

Addendum C: Physical Data

• A network can have no more than 32 devices without a RS485 repeater
• Including repeaters, a network can have up to 128 devices
• The maximum number of masters on the network is 32.
• Cable can be no longer than 10km
  (Certain cables may vary; check with your manufacturer)
• Recommended Cables:
  Beldin Cable No: 3079A
  Siemens Cable No: 6XVI 830-0AH10
• Recommended Connectors:
  Without programming device port: 6ES7 972-0BA40-0XA0
  With programming device port: 6ES7 972-0BB40-0XA0
• The ends of the network should be terminated.

Addendum D: Panel-Tec Information

The Panel-Tec device listed in the component matrix (Model Number: DTU-3000) is a serial device which transfers information between unlike CPUs. It supports over 25 protocols and includes 2 CPU Ports and 1 Configuration Port / Expansion Port. (Each Port is configurable for RS232 or RS422.)

Note: No serial programming interface is available during the running operation because
both serial interfaces of the basic unit are simultaneously operated as MODBUS
interfaces. The online operation of the 907 AC 1131 is only possible via ARCNET.
Alternatively the program can be loaded into two separate controllers, each having
only one serial interface operated as a MODBUS interface. In this case the online
access of the 907 AC 1131 can also be performed via the other serial interface
which is not used as MODBUS interface.

In the program header various variables are first declared and initialized. This way of
implementation increases the clarity of the program and additionally simplifies the incorporation of changes possibly required at a later time. Alternatively the values can also be declared directly at the block inputs.

Example for a variable declaration and initialization

The initialization of the operand address in the master (MODBUS_DATA) is performed in the instruction part of the program by means of the ADR operator.

Pre-assignment of the operand address for the operating mode MODBUS master

The initialization of the serial interface is performed via instances of the MODINIT block with the help of the variables defined in the program header. A communication via the serial interfaces is only possible, if both interfaces are set to the same transmission parameters (BAUD – CHTO).  The EN inputs of the MODINIT type instances are internally pre-initialized with FALSE. Consequently an intialization of the MODINIT_EN variables with TRUE causes a FALSE→TRUE edge at the EN input of the instances during the first program cycle and a permanent value of TRUE during the following cycles. This causes an initialization of the interfaces during the first cycle and an operation as MODBUS interfaces during the following cycles.

Initialization of the MODBUS interfaces

In the next step the MODBUS master functionality for COM1 must be realized with the help of the MODMAST block. In case of a FALSE → TRUE edge at the input EN, the master sends a request telegram to a slave which corresponds to the remaining block inputs. The RDY output of the MODMAST block is pre-initialized with TRUE. During processing of the telegram RDY is FALSE. RDY becomes TRUE after the processing was successful or when an error occurs. Therefore the RDY signal can be directly used to activate the block via the input EN. Because sending of telegrams is only possible after the corresponding interface was successfully initialized to be a MODBUS master interface, it is sensible to additionally interconnect the release with the RDY output of the associated MIDINIT block.

Enabling signal for the MODMAST block

The MODMAST block is now activated as follows:

Realization of the MODBUS master functionality

This example program does not consider the processing of possible errors. The current error messages are only stored to the ARRAYs MODINIT_ERROR and MODMAST_ERROR. For real projects, an additional application specific error reaction should be programmed.

Caution:
If the block is activated as described in the example program mentioned above, no
jobs are executed anymore if at least one input of the MODMAST block is invalid. In
order to initiate a new job, the MODMAST block requires a FALSE→TRUE edge at
the release input EN. If the values at the inputs are correct, the block sets
RDY = FALSE and executes the job. After the job is processed, the block sets
RDY = TRUE and in case of an error it sets ERR = TRUE. Using the activation shown
above, this generates a rising edge at the input EN. But if one of the inputs
experiences an error, the RDY output stays TRUE and ERR is set. Thus, no new edge
is generated at the input EN. See also the description of the block MODMAST.

1 Read outputs (coils).

2 Read inputs (contacts).

3 Read holding registers (V memory).

4 Read input registers.

5 Write single output.

6 Write single holding register.

15 Write multiple outputs.

16 Write multiple holding registers.

Project Example:tip041b.rar

2. the coloration electrical power system requests the coordination uniformization coloration method the coloring power source (i.e. uniformization coloration power source) to according to the establish requirements output current profile. The uniformized coloration power source's work process is: First outputs to the direct current (is being called the P processing) period of time, then the output frequency is in the 1~30Hz scope the specific value, the positive and negative square-wave occupies compared to is widely 0.005~0.30 in specific value pulse current (is called the C processing) period of time, then again carries on a C processing (to be called the C2 processing) period of time, as shown in Figure 1. In the plant production, C processes the commonly used frequency is 5Hz, the positive and negative square-wave occupies compared to is widely the 1:9, C2 processing chooses dispensably according to the craft request.

Figure 1 even coloring power source output wave shape the uniformization coloration power source's major function request is as follows: (1) input voltage and scope: Three-phase, frequency 50Hz, 380V±20%; (2) specified output voltage: ±30V~±80V; (3) specified output electric current: 1000A~4000A; (4) minimum output electric current: Specified output electric current 10%; (5) output current precision: below ±3%; (6) output current ripple: below 7% (in nominal current 30%~100%); (7) enters the trough calmly to soak the time: May establish in 10~3000s; (8) P process time: May establish in 0~3000s; (9) P processing and C processing time interval: May establish in 10~3000s; (10) C process time: May establish in 0~3000s; (11) when C processing repetition interval: 200ms (may act according to request in the 20ms~300ms scope revision); (12) when C processing pulse width: 20ms (may act according to request in the 10ms~100ms scope revision); (13) can satisfy two C processing the request; (14) can satisfy the complement color (i.e. carries on the C processing again) the request; (15) necessary protective measures.

3. the coloration electrical power system composition and the principle of work introduce are realize the above output wave shape and satisfy the technological requirement, design uniformized coloration power source principle as shown in Figure 2. The uniformized coloration power source is mainly composed of the main return route and the control section.

3.1 main return route the main return route including the coil in circuit breaker, rectification transformer TM, three-phase all controls rectification bridge A group, B group, the reactor, the contravariant part and so on. Side rectification transformer TM pays uses the double winding's form, a group of Y connection, Lian Dao a rectification bridge A group, another group of DELTA connections, Lian Daoling a rectification bridge B group. After rectification bridge respective rectification, after the reactor filter, inverts again, then parallel output.

Figure 3 contravariant electric circuit the chart 3 is a group of contravariant part's main circuit chart, like the chart shows, when main arm thyristor V1, V4 breakover, the electric current after reactor L, host arm thyristor V1, flows to the load, then returns from the main arm thyristor V4 class, what this time load withstanding is the direct voltage, the electric current, when must make the load withstanding reverse voltage, the electric current, first should switch off main arm thyristor V1, the V4 steering impulse, then control auxiliary thyristor V11, the V14 breakover, causes electric capacity C1, the C2 electric discharge to charge reverse again, the force shuts off main arm thyristor V1, V4, then switches off auxiliary thyristor V11, the V14 steering impulse, controls main arm thyristor V2, the V3 breakover again, by now the electric current after reactor L, host arm thyristor V2, flowed to the load, then returns from the main arm thyristor V3 class, this time load withstanding is the reverse voltage, the electric current. Must make the load from the withstanding reverse voltage, the electric current to transform to the withstanding direct voltage, the electric current, its principle is the same, switches off main arm thyristor V2, the V3 steering impulse first, then control auxiliary thyristor V12, the V13 breakover, causes electric capacity C1, the C2 electric discharge to charge reverse again, the force shuts off main arm thyristor V2, V3, then switches off auxiliary thyristor V12, the V13 steering impulse, then controls main arm thyristor V1, the V4 breakover, has completed the load from the withstanding reverse voltage, the electric current to the withstanding direct voltage, the electric current transformation. The main arm thyristor and the auxiliary thyristor's breakover is the contravariant pulse which sends out through PLC controls, because the load withstanding direct voltage, the electric current to the reverse voltage, the electric current transform, or from transforms forward reverse, is in a short time completes (has several hundred microseconds generally), therefore PLC shaping and programming design direct relation entire inversion part normal work and output wave shape accuracy.

3.2 control section control section including A group, B group of rectification regulating unit, inversion pulse triggering unit, signal interface circuit, programmable logical controller PLC and touchscreen and so on. the A group, B group of rectification regulating unit major function is defers to the demand signal which PLC sends out to adjust three-phase all controls the electric current which the rectification bridge outputs, its interior including PI regulation circuit, phase shifting triggering circuit, power amplifier electric circuit and so on. the inversion pulse triggering unit is mainly receives PLC the contravariant pulse, carries on the modulation, the power amplifier again after the contravariant pulse controls the contravariant part the main arm thyristor and the auxiliary thyristor accurate reliable breakover, thus realizes the P processing and the C processing profile output. the signal interface circuit major function is carries on the reorganization transformation to each kind of signal, satisfies each unit to the signal demand. programmable logical controller PLC selects Simens's S7-200 CPU226 DC/DC/DC and a simulation quantity expansion module EM235 composition. PLC takes this electrical power system's core control component, mainly completes the following function: (1) opens, the engine off control; (2) moves the flow control; (3) inverts the partial thyristor breakover control; (4) the rectification assigns the control; (5) electrical power unit condition quantity gathering; (6) simulates quantity gathering; (7) establishes, the demonstration parameter computation; (8) and touchscreen communication. PLC input output definition as shown in Table 1. Table 1 PLC input output defines

输入地址	定义	输出地址	定义
I0.0	启动（外部按钮）	Q0.0	0脉冲
I0.1	停止（外部按钮）	Q0.1	1脉冲
I0.2	总开关合	Q0.2	2脉冲
I0.3	着色材料入槽	Q0.3	3脉冲
I0.4	紧急停止	Q0.4	4脉冲
I0.5	备用	Q0.5	5脉冲
I0.6	备用	Q0.6	整流
I0.7	备用	Q0.7	装置故障
I1.0	A组快熔熔断	Q1.0	合总开关
I1.1	B组快熔熔断	Q1.1	分总开关
I1.2	同步故障	Q1.2	装置运行信号
I1.3	电源失压	Q1.3	电容预充电
I1.4	A组整流过压	Q1.4	着色完成
I1.5	B组整流过压	Q1.5	备用
I1.6	A组过流	Q1.6	备用
I1.7	B组过流	Q1.7	备用
I2.0	逆变过流
I2.1	冷却水水压偏低
I2.2	冷却水水温过高
I2.3	电容预充电接点返回
I2.4	备用
I2.5	备用
I2.6	备用
I2.7	备用
AIW0	A组电压（模拟量）	AQW0	给定输出（模拟量）
AIW2	B组电压（模拟量）
AIW4	逆变输出电压（模拟量）
AIW6	逆变输出电流（模拟量）

The touchscreen uses Hakko MONITOUCH the V708C colored touchscreen, carries on (PPI) point-to-point with PLC between the communication. The touchscreen mainly realizes the following function: (1) instrument function instruction; (2) installs start, shut-down operation; (3) increases, reduces the operation; (4) the coil in circuit breaker's minute, gathers the operation; (5) electric current adjustment establishment; (6) colors the files choice; (7) technique of production process choice; (8) P process time, time interval, C process time establishment; (9) installs the condition demonstration; (10) plant failure twinkle warning.

4. the software programs the software is mainly composed of the touchscreen procedure and the PLC procedure. the touchscreen has altogether edited 25 pictures, including 1 host demonstration operation picture, 16 coloring files parameter establishment picture, 1 complement color parameter establishment picture, 2 coloration data inquiry picture, 1 PLC internal data inquiry picture, 1 clock adjustment picture and 2 welcome pictures, 1 help picture. When the electrical power unit presents the breakdown, the touchscreen automatically will also spring the breakdown small picture, and by the red twinkle warning, will bring to the movement personnel's attention. The touchscreen picture has not only completed the above function, moreover good Chinese contact surface very convenient user operation use. the coloration power source's operation execution, the control, the establishment parameter's computation and so on is realizes through the PLC procedure completes, the PLC programming is the coloring power source control performance key.

For ease of the search, the revision and the debugging routine, as well as reduce CPU the scanning period, the uniformized coloration power source design PLC procedure besides the master routine, but also some 10 subroutines and 4 interrupt routines, the PLC procedure block diagram see Figure 4, chart 5, shown in Figure 6. Like in the chart shows, the master routine mainly completes the sampling, the operation, the failure processing, to judge contents and so on engine off; The subroutine 0 mainly complete when the movement work flow control; The subroutine 1 mainly completes calmly is soaking in the time the control operation; The subroutine 2 mainly complete in the P process time the control operation; The subroutine 3 mainly complete in the time interval the control operation; The subroutine 4 mainly complete in the C process time the control operation; After the subroutine 5 mainly complete the coloration completes the handle work; The subroutine 6 are before the P processing and the C processing start to the contravariant pulse control; The subroutine 7 are when the engine offs to contravariant pulse control; The subroutine 8 mainly complete when the engine off colors contents and so on parameter input and computation; The subroutine 9 mainly complete complement color contents and so on parameter input and computation. The interrupt routine mainly completes when the C processing to contravariant pulse control, inverts the pulse to clear and the turn-off time gap immediately uses the sentence time delay to realize immediately.

         

 

5. actual profile the chart 7 is an output capacity for ±55V,3000The uniformized coloration power source the electric current which, the voltage profile entire process outputs under the test chamber ohmic load. In the chart the P process time is 3s, the output current is 750 A, voltage 30V; The time interval is 10s; The C process time is 5s, the output current is 1000 A, the voltage ±40V, the direct impulse width is 20ms, the cycle is 200 ms, tallies completely with the establishment value.after the chart 8 is Figure 7 C processing enlarges the profile. After Figure 9 is Figure 8 profile enlarges a part. Figure 10 is the contravariant pulse which and the output control relations in the C treating processes PLC sends out.

 

 

 

1.2 system gross structure Based on ADSL hot net supervisory system's gross structure as shown in Figure 1, a typical hot net supervisory system is composed of a monitoring center and many control nodes. Monitors the server to be responsible with each control node data communication, the operating mode data which the receive control node sends out, and according to hot net movement condition, to control node transmission instruction, adjustment entire hot network's heating balanced. The database server preservation the same day and the historical operating mode data, provides the support for the data analysis and the decision-making; The WEB server demonstrates the hot net operating condition monitoring contact surface.

Figure 1: Based on ADSL hot net supervisory system structure drawing

Under the thermal energy company is equipped with certain thermal energy station, generally each thermal energy station establishes a control node, the control node constitutes by the embedded system. The control node gathers scene at the same time through the sensor for/operating mode data and so on backwater temperature, current capacity, pressure, and controls the solenoid valve, the regulating valve and the frequency changer, adjusts the scene operational factor; On the other hand, turns on Internet through ADSL Modem, transmits the operating mode data through Internet to the monitoring center, the control node may also receive the instruction which the monitoring center sends out, adjusts the scene operating mode operational factor. [2]

2. Based on ADSL hot net supervisory system key technologies Has used the control technology, the computer technology and the communication domain newest achievement effectively based on the ADSL hot net supervisory system, uses the key technologies includes: the 2.1 monitoring center with realizes based on the WEBGIS monitoring contact surface's design GIS (geographic information system) the technical development the contact surface which monitored to the hot net set a higher request, not only need be able by demonstration operating mode data and so on form, curve, but also requested to be able to realize the data inquiry which and the demonstration by the electronic map guidance way in the browser the thermal energy stood. At present, WEBGIS realizes has two all sorts of methods, one kind is carries on the re-development in commercial GIS software its foundation to complete. The second method is in opens the source in the WEBGIS server's foundation the re-development to complete. In practical application, because the commercial GIS construction cost is expensive, uses the source Mapserver to take the GIS server.

2.2 network control systems control algorithm research The hot net long-distance supervisory system is a network control system (NCS), its controlled member is a big lag object, at present did not have a very good mathematical model and the control algorithm can solve this control problem. At present, the thermal energy company uses generally the method is completes the hot net balanced adjustment through person's experience, studies one control algorithm which suits the hot net to monitor, and the full consideration's ambient temperature's influence, to saves the energy, enhances the heating efficiency significance to be significant. In because the network control system the band width limit can have the latency, the research latency to control algorithm's influence is also the question which needs to solve. 2.3 control node software and hardware system design If the thermal energy station control node picks employing labor to control technologies and so on machine, PLC realize, the control node's cost is high. Will use the embedded system design to realize the control node to reduce overall system's construction cost, will be advantageous in the large-scale promotion. 2.4 the VPN agreement's design with realizes

Figure 2. Control node hardware system structure drawing

After using ADSL the node turning on way, because has used the Internet transmission control data, has the data secure problem. In order to guarantee that the data the security, may use VPN (hypothesized private network) the technical guarantee transmission data security. [3] 3. control node software and hardware system design the 3.1 control node hardware system designs The control node's hardware system realizes based on Tristar Corporation ARM7 processor S3C44B0X, as shown in Figure 2: S3C44B0X is ARM7 which Tristar Corporation produces (Advanced RISC Machine) the essence 32 microprocessors, has 8 group ten A/D switches and other hardware source, this chip cost is low, very suitable to use in the hot net supervisory system. The power source selects the 5v/24v switching power supply, for embedded system and sensor power supply. The crystal oscillator uses 10MHZ the crystal oscillator module, the S3C44B0X interior has the phase-locked loop, may have the 66MHZ stable output frequency in this crystal oscillator foundation. The demonstration part uses the VFD high luminance display monitor, has the lattice output high, brightness, regards the angular width the merit. This screen uses for to demonstrate operating mode data and so on scene temperature, current capacity, pressure. In addition, to satisfy the man-machine interaction the request, but also expanded the indicating lamp and the keyboard, this part realizes through S3C44B0X general I/O. The system expanded 2 RS-232 serial ports through the MAX232 chip, uses in debugging, other uses in with frequency changer's correspondence. Because the S3C44B0X interior does not have the network interface, through expands the RTL8019A network control chip to realize the network interface, this chip's correspondence speed is 10Mbps, can definitely satisfy the system request. This chip after the network insulating transformer and the RJ45 connection, with ADSL the MODEM correspondence, completes the digit dialing and the network service function. The data acquisition part realizes the principle to be as follows: For/the backwater temperature, the current capacity, the pressure six group 4-20mA simulated signal passes through I. /V transfer network to become S3C44B0X internal A/D the request the 0-2.5v signal, completes the data acquisition. the implementing agency part's principle of work is as follows: Through expands the D/A switch, the output simulated signal, realizes to the regulating valve opening adjustment. Separate through general I/O and the light, control solenoid valve's switch motion. Completes with frequency changer's correspondence by the RS-232 serial port, through the serial port to the frequency changer transmission instruction, adjusts the pressure pump active status. the 3.2 control node software system designs

Figure 3: Control node software system structure drawing

As shown in Figure 3, the overall system construction has used the level type architecture design pattern, each provides the transfer service for above one, this kind of design pattern has the good extendibility and the maintainability. The lowest level is the operating system level, uses the vxWorks real-time operating system, this also provided the TCP/IP agreement seal to supply the middleware level transfer. Operating system level's above is the middleware level, this level provides the service for the application layer. Actuates the module and the communication protocol module two parts including the hardware. Above the middleware level is an application layer, is the systematic application software, has included the data acquisition module, the automatic control module and long-distance corresponds three modules. The service which through the transfer middleware level this level provides the service which as well as the operating system essence provides to realize. The application layer three modules are high to the timely request, through designs certain independent duties to realize. The data acquisition module is a periodic duty, every other 100ms gathers one time the data, realizes precisely using the operating system essence fixed time. When has the warning occurs, uses the interrupt way processing. The data acquisition module and other two module's correspondence uses the news formation and the sharing memory way realizes.

The automatic control module basis real-time data control implementing agency's movement, adjusts the hot net operating condition, may also accept from the long-distance connection module instruction, the adjustment operating condition. The long-distance connection module transmits the real-time data through the network to the monitoring center, and accepts from the monitoring center control command. The long-distance connection module and automatic control module's duty corresponds through the news formation realizes. 4. concluding remark This article proposes based on the ADSL hot net supervisory system is one kind inexpensive, reliable, the band width high hot network monitoring solution, this plan is suitable similarly for other urban pipe network (for example water, coal gas) the monitor, has the broad application domain. At present, this system also has some technical question to need to solve, like the network control system's control algorithm and the latency question and so on, will wait for in continues in present's work to study. This article innovation spot is uses the ADSL technology to take the hot net long-distance monitoring the mailing address, and uses the embedded system design to realize the control node, has the cost to be low, timely good merit. This system passes through two heating times stably in some city the movement, the proof system movement reliable, through reduces the energy consumption, the personnel losses to additionally receive and so on, the year creation economic efficiency 5,270,000 Yuan.

The spinning control system mainly includes the measurement pump drive control, the oil emulsion pump drive control as well as some scene temperature, the pressure signal gathering record. The scene each spinning position is loaded with the button box, the metering pump and the oil emulsion pump opens stops by the scene push-button control, therefore the frequency conversion enables the signal to assign generally by the post then. Because the metering pump and the oil emulsion pump are the synchronous machines, therefore the frequency conversion only needs the common open-loop control. The metering pump and the oil emulsion pump control as soon as the difference lies in the metering pump usually to tow a transmission by the frequency changer, as soon as but the oil emulsion pump is tows the multi-transmissions by the frequency conversion.

Ohm dragon whole solution and superiority: in the spinning machine control system, we disposes the scene I/O module through field bus DeviceNet, controls the metering pump transmission frequency changer, as well as scene temperature pressure signal. The spinning installment establishment operation kneading board uses colored touchscreen NS5, is responsible for the equipment open/stops, the key parameter hypothesis, the demonstration, the warning. Through the PLC CJ1 ethernet module turning on switchboard, is united as one body with the superior machine supervisory system or DCS. This control plan may also use in the short fiber complete set of equipment's spinning machine and the coiler control system, is only slightly has the difference on the controlled member.

PLC:CJ1 the high speed processing, the LD instruction execute speed only needs 100ns the subminiature design, is highly only equal in name card width does not need the ledger wall, combines each kind of unit by a higher efficiency the 3 kind of networks (DeviceNet, Controller Link, Ethernet) the seamless link, the information maintains entire process visible the CPU main body built-in high-speed counting, the pulse output, the interrupt input function (provides by CJ1M-CPU22/CPU23) to use the large capacity CF card to make the memory stick, simplified maintenance process provides the PLC catena function, most may connect 9 CJ1M

HMI:NS the built-in ethernet connection, simultaneously supports Controller Link network the use label cut function, may carry on the identical picture reaches 16 languages cut only to drag and drop and drop the intelligence from the equipment storehouse to control, may visit each kind of equipment to be possible directly to carry on screen simulation on the personal computing the image document (bmp, jpg) by 32000 color high resolution to demonstrate that through the expansion video frequency card demonstration video frequency picture, may adjust demonstration window through great to be possible to increase new function to be possible freely to monitor CS1/CJ1 series through the PT screen trapezoidal chart condition to pass the USB mouthThe screen picture may the hard copy output to the printer

Inverter:3G3MV vector control supports the RS-422/485 communication (the MODBUS agreement) to support CompoBus/D(DeviceNet) field bus easy to operate (operates on kneading board to provide frequency to assign knob) to provide the PID adjustment and the energy conservation controls the multistage fast adjustment (the maximum 16 kind of speeds)

Network system: DeviceNet DeviceNet has the fine construction performance one kind of scene network, has covered the broad application domain, from sensor level to part level, until controller level. Each kind of control component, like PLC, the robot, the sensor, and the clutch, can connect conveniently to an independent network. This can, in the equipment and production line's design manufacture, the installment, the debugging, the maintenance and so on make the scene on the link to reduce the cost one by one, simultaneously save time. Through to the master station network's seamless connection, can provide PLC and the SCM countermeasure further value added to the customer. DeviceNet may connect 64 points most greatly, the speed is highest may reach 500kbps, the signal distance is farthest may reach 500m, can develop and design, the production and the start, the operation and maintenance creation many superiority. It has many kinds of compatible parts, can carry on the system construction easily; In has realized the equipment modulation from the station, thus reduced the assembly time and the wiring time, has prevented the wiring error, has realized the more compact control panel and the equipment. The DeviceNet software's simple establishment and the correspondence work reduced the starting time; Can collect from the part to each kind of data helps the preventive maintenance, thus prevents the system to halt suddenly and to raise the operating speed; And can, in does not stop under the system, carries on simply with the coupling namely inserts namely uses for to replace the part.

　The influence rapid steamer effect's main technological parameter is the temperature, the humidity and the aging time, they along with the different textile fiber, the dye have certain change, aging technological process fabric Cheng Huan are the aging time, the quality, the process security reliable guarantee. the rapid steamer uses the adjustable low tension to feed the cloth roller generally, maximum limit in had guaranteed Cheng Huan's neat, has the reliable fabric cloth link feedway; Separates the roller independent transmission, thus satisfies the cloth function, reduces the service work load. 　　 ohm dragon whole solution and superiority: in the rapid steamer control system, we have used ohm dragon high performance small PLC CP1H, controls the ohm dragon 3G3MV series frequency changer through 4 group simulation quantity output module connection synchronization controller. The rapid steamer drying room temperature control used the ohm dragon company to control E5EZ warm, through Compo the Way/F communication protocol (speed 112kbps) with the CP1H RS-485 mouth communication, PLC might change E5EZ directly directly the controlled variable and the real-time monitoring. The man-machine contact surface use ohm dragon company 10.4” colored touchscreen NT631C, carries on the parameter and the work flow monitoring.

　PLC:CP1H the fast processor, carries out the elementary instruction only to need 0.1μs, special instruction 0.3μs above supports 320 ignition switches to measure most greatly the XA Inner Tibet 4 to enter 2 simulation quantity function, resolution 1/12000 the standard embarks 4 axis high speed counter function (single-phase 100kHz/phase 50kHz) and 4 axis 100kHz high speed pulse output the standard embarks USB parallel port the serial communication port to be possible free choice RS-232C, RS-485 (2 ports) to support HostLink, NT LINK, Compobus/S, DeviceNet, Profibus-DP, ControllerLink, EtherNet, the agreement

Great, Modbus-RTU and so on many kinds of communication ways and the serial PLC connection function (most 9) supports CPM and CJ1 series PLC expansion unit the rich instruction terminology, including PID, floating point calculation, trigonometric function and so on… 　　 HMI:NT631C uses 32 RISC chips, faster can realize with the memory unit in the scene transmits picture conveniently the removable back lamp, realized long life to guarantee that suitable bore environment nature outstandingly with IP65F with the multicolor demonstration graph, could observe several data to spring the window function conveniently, used the picture effectively the warning function, grasps the wrong content immediately, improved machine run condition the memory table number is before 2 time of the standard layout has 3 kinds to pass easily unguardedly, to use

Inverter:3G3MV vector control supports the RS-422/485 communication (the MODBUS agreement) to support CompoBus/D(DeviceNet) field bus easy to operate (operates on kneading board to provide frequency to assign knob) to provide the PID adjustment and the energy conservation controls the multistage fast adjustment (the maximum 16 kind of speeds) 　　 controls warm: E5□Z display monitor: Two-row four colored liquid crystal displays. control use: Heating or heating and cooling. control method: ON/OFF or 2 degree-of-freedom PID. demonstration precision: ± [0.5%PV or 1°C big > ±1 position. control output: The relay outputs, the voltage output, the electric current output, the warning output: A E5AZ/E5EZ:3 output, may establish time delay OFF separately. sensor input: Thermo-element, platinum resistance, non-contact pilot signal input, simulated signal input.

Program Flowcharts:

Project Example

tip003b.rar

弹出对话框，在对话框中键入变量名称，选择变量的类型。同样的，西门子公司
不建议采用中文变量名称。

然后点击 Select 按钮。

弹出对话框，要求我们键入Item Name 和路径，我们在本机上进行通讯，路径不用填写。

这个Item Name 就是我们要进行OPC 通讯的数据的地址。
2）COPY DDE/OPC。利用RSLinx 的Edit 菜单下的Copy DDE/OPC Link功能，找到我们要通讯的地址，OPC 链接格式。

在我们新建的TOPIC 上，双击，如果是在线连接的话，你会看到通讯设备上的所有的地址。选中我们想要的地址，在列表下方Data Table 中，显示啦一串字符，这一串字符就是我们所要的Item Name ,拷贝这一串字符到WinCC 的Item 中就完成啦RSLinx 和WinCC 的链接。
逐个建立这种链接，建立完这种链接后，在WinCC 里象使用本地直接连接的变量一样使用通过OPC 连接的变量就可以啦。至于在WinCC 里做显示画面有什么问题不在本文考虑范围，也可直接向西门子公司进行咨询。