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<title><![CDATA[黄静职业博客]]> </title>
<description>
<![CDATA[承担需要的不是能力，而是勇气！]]>
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<link>http://happyloving.blog.bokee.net/</link>
<language>zh-cn</language>
<creator>happyloving</creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 23 Nov 2007 20:13:51 GMT+08:00 </pubDate>
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<item>
<title>光明——我的乳品专家</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1921203.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">引言<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Introduction</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">随着人们生活水的不断提高，乳制品早已不再是&ldquo;奢侈品&rdquo;，而是人们日常能够生活中必不可少的大众饮品。中国人口占世界人口总数的<span lang="EN-US">25%</span>，是一个巨大无比的市场<span lang="EN-US">!<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">中国的乳品市场不断扩大，许多企业纷纷涌入乳品市场来分享这美味的&ldquo;大蛋糕&rdquo;。在众多企业眼中，中国乳业市场似乎成为最后一块可以开发的处女地。短短数年里，中国相继崛起<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>多家乳制品企业，并出现了光明、伊利、蒙牛、完达山三路等特大型乳制品集团，经过了多年的竞争与发展，目前的乳制品市场可以说是&ldquo;龙争虎斗，各显神通&rdquo;，乳品供应日趋激烈。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2001</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年，一直以城市保鲜奶走天下的光明乳业正如日中天，它接管了达能在华的两家企业，销售额实现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">％以上的增长，继续保持着销售额全国第一、液态奶市场第一、酸奶市场第一、收奶量第一、盈利能力第一的优异记录。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2002</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年上市后，光明的销售额更是从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">35</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">亿人民币跃至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">亿元。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">然而，现在光明的发展速度已远远落后于草原奶为代表的蒙牛、伊利，甚至落后于三鹿乳业，排名仅居全国第四，我们不禁心生疑问：光明怎么了？光明的发展战略到底出现了什么问题？现在的蒙牛很牛、伊利很利、那么光明何时再见光明？<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一、企业外部环境分析<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">external environment analysis of enterprise</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.1</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">宏观环境因素分析</span></strong><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">Macro-environmental analysis</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">乳品是改善居民膳食结构、提高民族身体素质的重要食品，<span lang="EN-US"> 20</span>世纪<span lang="EN-US">90</span>年代后期以来，我国乳业发展进入了快速增长时期，<span lang="EN-US">1998</span>&mdash;<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年，在消费需求拉动和政府产业政策促动下，我国奶类产量从<span lang="EN-US">744.5</span>万吨增加到<span lang="EN-US">2368.4</span>万吨，乳制品产量由<span lang="EN-US">122.9</span>万吨增加到<span lang="EN-US">949.2</span>万吨，乳品工业产值由<span lang="EN-US">122.9</span>亿元增加到<span lang="EN-US">666.3</span>亿元，年均增长速度分别为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">21.3</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">％、<span lang="EN-US">40.6</span>％和<span lang="EN-US">32.5</span>％，而且涌现出伊利、蒙牛、光明、三鹿等一批全国知名的企业和品牌，乳业发展呈现出一片繁荣的景象。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.1.1</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">政治&mdash;&mdash;法律因素（<span lang="EN-US">politics</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）国家扶持奶业持续发展<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.07"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">按照国务院《关于促进奶业持续健康发展的意见》中<span lang="EN-US">&ldquo;</span>巩固、稳定、发展、提高<span lang="EN-US">&rdquo;</span>八字方针，呼和浩特市进一步完善了奶业发展机制和措施，切实加大了对奶业的投入和扶持力度，目前伊利、蒙牛等企业也采取了许多措施，使奶源基地建设等问题得到了很好的解决，农民收入也得到了大幅度提高。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥">（</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥">）</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">乳品行业标准制定走向成熟</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.07"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1999</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年颁布的乳制品国家标准只规定了理化、卫生指标，而没有制定感官质量指标，所以有的企业在一定程度上就忽视对产品感官质量的追求。随着人们生活水平的不断提高，乳制品逐步成为膳食的重要组成部分。作为食品，除理化指标外，感官指标是产品质量的重要组成部分。中国乳制品工业协会组织编写《乳制品感官质量评鉴细则》，《细则》的颁布要求乳品生产企业，不仅要逐步提高产品质量，而且要重视产品的风味、组织状态等感官质量的提高。这充分说明随着我国乳品行业标准的不断增加完善，乳品行业正逐步走向成熟。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.07"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">同时《细则》由北京三元、光明乳业、内蒙古伊利等乳企巨头及全国乳品标准化中心委派专家组成的起草小组负责起草。结合了企业意见，标志着乳品行业的标准制定也开始走向成熟。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）国家鼓励奶品消费<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">政府对乳业的发展相当重视，相继出台了一系列鼓励产业发展的政策，把乳业确立为国家重点扶持的产业。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，农业部、中宣部、教育部等八部委联合发文，推行国家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学生饮用奶计划</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，仅就这一项每年就将增加需求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">150</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨。国家农业部确定的中长期发展目标是，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年我国乳制品人均年消费量达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公斤，总产量达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1350</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2030</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年人均年消费量达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公斤，总产量达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4250</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨。由此可见，我国乳业面临着巨大的市场空间和发展机遇。</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）出台禁鲜令<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国家标准化委员会</span><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="9" month="5" year="2004"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2004</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发布了《预包装食品标签通则》和《预包装特殊膳食用食品标签通则》两个通则，规定自</span><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="1" month="10" year="2005"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日起</span></st1:chsdate><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，凡是经热加工处理的预包装食品，其产品名称不应使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鲜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字。这意味着目前市面上所谓的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鲜奶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，将不得在包装名称中标上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鲜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）复原乳政策<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font size="3">复原乳又称<span lang="EN-US">&ldquo;</span>还原乳<span lang="EN-US">&rdquo;</span>或<span lang="EN-US">&ldquo;</span>还原奶<span lang="EN-US">&rdquo;</span>，是指把牛奶浓缩、干燥成为浓缩乳或乳粉，再添加适量水，制成与原乳中水、固体物比例相当的乳液。通俗地讲，还原奶就是用奶粉勾兑还原而成的牛奶。<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年国务院办公厅发出的《关于加强液态奶生产经营管理的通知》要求，凡在灭菌乳、酸牛乳等产品生产加工过程中使用复原乳的，不论数量多少，自<st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="15" month="10" year="2008"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="15" month="10" year="2008"><span lang="EN-US">10</span>月<span lang="EN-US">15</span>日</st1:chsdate>起</st1:chsdate>，生产企业必须在其产品包装上醒目标注<span lang="EN-US">&ldquo;</span>复原乳<span lang="EN-US">&rdquo;</span>。 农业部<st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="10" year="2008"><span lang="EN-US">10</span>月<span lang="EN-US">30</span>日</st1:chsdate>发布了《巴氏杀菌乳和<span lang="EN-US">UHT</span>灭菌乳中复原乳的鉴定》标准，为检测巴氏杀菌乳和<span lang="EN-US">UHT</span>灭菌乳中的复原乳成分提供了科学依据。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span>这项标准的颁布，填补了我国复原乳检测方面的空白，突破了监管违禁添加复原乳和不正确标识复原乳的技术瓶颈。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）发改委批准光明、三鹿提价<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">根据国家发展和改革委员会有关规定，光明乳业提高部分纯牛奶价格的申报已获批，光明。此次主要提价产品为部分销售区域的纯鲜牛奶和常温纯牛奶，加权平均提价幅度约<span lang="EN-US">14%</span>左右。提价涉及的产品约占公司<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年度乳制品等营业收入的<span lang="EN-US">23%</span>左右，约占公司<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年度主营业务收入的<span lang="EN-US">18%</span>左右。此次涨价有利于公司提升利润率水平，加强公司的竞争实力。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.1.2</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">经济（<span lang="EN-US">economy</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）奶源价格上涨，行业成本提高</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全球奶源价格上涨：原材料包括汽油、玉米等粮食饲料价格上涨，从而导致养奶牛成本增加，奶源收购价也随之上涨。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">行业成本压力节节攀升：乳制品行业原料奶、包装材料、物流成本、营销成本等不断上涨趋势近年来一直愈演愈烈。以糖价为例，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月份国内市场的价格为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2650</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吨，到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，其价格上涨到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5500</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吨左右，上涨幅度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">106%.<o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" style="WIDTH: 303pt; HEIGHT: 117pt" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><br /></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">图<span lang="EN-US">1-1</span>：<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年乳制品部分原材料价格上涨情况<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）居民收入增加，乳品市场竞争激烈。消费结构变化</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">根据经济学理论，收入是决定消费最重要的因素，乳品需求也不例外。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年中国人均乳品占有量将从目前的</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="7" unitname="公斤"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公斤</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上升至</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="10" unitname="公斤"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公斤</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2010</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年进一步上升至</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="16" unitname="公斤"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公斤</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。如此巨大的市场潜力，理所当然将使中国乳品市场在今后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年之内成为国际竞争最为激烈的市场之一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乳品消费快速增长：</span></strong><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1-1</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：我国乳品消费总量及人均消费量可以看出，我国的乳品消费正在快速增长。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">表<span lang="EN-US">1-1</span>：我国乳品消费总量及人均消费量<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">单位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万吨千克</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)<o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1029" style="WIDTH: 396pt; HEIGHT: 104.25pt" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">液态奶处于市场主导地位：</span></strong><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">近年来，随着我国乳品消费水平的提高，我国城镇居民的乳品消费品种结构也在发生变化。由下表可以看出，在<span lang="EN-US">90</span>年代以前， 奶粉曾是我国城镇居民乳品的当家品种，从<span lang="EN-US">97</span>年开始，奶粉消费增速开始低于鲜乳品和酸奶。<span lang="EN-US">04</span>年的城镇居民乳品消费市场中，鲜乳品、酸奶和奶粉各占据<span lang="EN-US">75</span>％、<span lang="EN-US">11</span>％、<span lang="EN-US">14</span>％的份额。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">表<span lang="EN-US">1-2</span>　近年来我国城镇居民人均购买的主要乳品品种情况（公斤／人）<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1030" style="WIDTH: 414pt; HEIGHT: 50.25pt" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="F2QC165.JPG"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.jpg" o:href="http://210.32.33.140:8080/cgrs/temp/18B16B083270A50085441844C11C2F81/da4f889475dca6c1f8d263a9aeb9c7ae.JPG"></v:imagedata></v:shape><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span>资料来源：中国奶业年鉴<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">鲜乳品消费比重上升，酸奶会成为下一个消费热点。</span></strong><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">从<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年我国城镇居民不同收入水平家庭的截面数据看，最高收入家庭的人均奶粉消费量仅为最低收入家庭的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍，且不同收入家庭的人均消费量差异不大， 而鲜乳品和酸奶的人均消费量最高收入户却分别是最低收入户的<span lang="EN-US">4.2</span>倍和<span lang="EN-US">6.5</span>倍（见表<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）。这也说明了在不同收入水平下城镇居民的乳品消费结构存在明显差异，随着收入水平提高。<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">表<span lang="EN-US">1-3: 2003</span>年不同收入水平城镇居民购买乳品品种情况（公斤／人）<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm -7.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: -2.57; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -.73gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -2.57gd"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" style="WIDTH: 431.25pt; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="F2QC166.JPG"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.jpg" o:href="http://210.32.33.140:8080/cgrs/temp/18B16B083270A50085441844C11C2F81/ad8781a295641264f159c59629ff9e45.JPG"></v:imagedata></v:shape><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.1.3</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">技术<span lang="EN-US">( technology)<o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）国家注重技术攻关</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&ldquo;十五&rdquo;期间，科技部会同农业部启动实施了&ldquo;奶业重大关键技术研究与产业化技术集成示范&rdquo;重大科技专项。建立奶牛胚胎移植产业化和性控胚胎生产技术体系，初步解决了我国奶牛良种快速繁育问题；建立我国奶牛规范化饲养技术体系，初步实现了我国奶牛养殖从粗放型向集约型转变；建立优质饲草产业化生产与加工技术体系，部分实现我国奶业的优质牧草产业化供应；建立奶牛重大疫病防控和主要疾病防治技术体系，促进我国奶牛安全、健康养殖目标的实现。实现了新型乳品包装设备的国产化开发，填补了国内该领域的空白；以</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">CLA</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">牛奶和功能配方奶粉为代表的功能乳制品层出不穷；建立了原料奶及乳制品的质量监测技术体系。南方地区夏季奶牛抗热应激综合技术开发成效显著，大型奶牛场智能化管理系统进入示范使用阶段，并初步构建了以企业为主体的奶业技术研发和转化平台，显著提升了奶业企业科技创新能力，形成了奶业科技发展的长效机制。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）建立现在奶业产业化模式</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96"><font size="3"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在生产技术集成示范方面，形成了具有区域特色的各种现代奶业产业化生产模式，完善了&ldquo;公司＋农户＋基地＋集成技术&rdquo;的技术推广模式，显著提高了示范区奶业生产水平。示范区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">70</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万头奶牛成母牛年平均产奶量由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2002</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5000</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公斤提高到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6500</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公斤，年增长率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">15%</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，比全国平均水平高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个百分点；原料奶的细菌总数平均低于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">CFU/ml</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，大大低于专项实施以前的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">100</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">CFU/ml</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，交售的原料奶中优质率从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">30%</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提高到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">60%</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上；扶植示范户</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万多户，辐射养殖户达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">80</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多万户，示范区农民每饲养一头奶牛比非示范区多收入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1000</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元以上，促进农民增收累计近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿元。</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）科技化促乳品功能多元化</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目前，国内乳业同质化现象严重，纯奶、酸奶等竞争日趋激烈，各乳品企业又根据消费者需求的差异化制定不同的新产品策略，乳业市场将逐步进入细分阶段，以满足用户的个性化需求。越来越多的企业采用高新技术发展乳品的科技内涵，使乳制品具备更多的功能，针对不同消费群体的饮用需要，补钙、低糖、脱脂等功能型牛奶应运而生。乳品企业进入一个以技术创新谋求竞争优势的新时期，功能型乳品成为新一轮乳品企业之间竞争的焦点。</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.1.4</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">社会<span lang="EN-US">(society)<o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）消费习惯<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">消费习惯是影响乳品消费的首要因素。从全球角度看，消费习惯的形成往往受历史、宗教等行业外生因素的影响，且能延续很长时间。印度的人均<span lang="EN-US">GDP </span>虽然最低，但每<span lang="EN-US">100 </span>美元<span lang="EN-US">GDP </span>消费的乳品量却是美国、中国及世界平均水平的十几倍。 <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">我们用城镇居民乳品消费支出占食品支出的比例来刻划不同地域的消费习惯，在<span lang="EN-US">6</span>大区域中，华北、西南地区乳品消费习惯最好，食品支出的<span lang="EN-US">6%</span>以上用来消费乳品，华中地区最低，仅为<span lang="EN-US">3.79%</span>。在各省中，西藏的乳品消费习惯最好，而云南最差。因此，对乳品企业来说，华北、西南市场就应该作为战略重点予以开拓，事实上，北京、成都正是我国乳品竞争最激烈的地区。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）人口增长及其结构变化<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">在<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年至<span lang="EN-US">2015</span>年期间，我国每年新增人口还将达到<span lang="EN-US">1000</span>万人左右。由于我国奶类消费群体主要集中在婴儿、老人和城镇地区人口，因此，人口增长及其结构变化仍是影响我国奶类产品需求的重要因素。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.2</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">产业竞争性分析</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><a href="app:industrial" target="_self"><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><font face="Times New Roman">industrial</font></span></a><font face="Times New Roman"> competence analysis</font></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></font></span></strong></p>
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            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="3">行业内的竞争者</font></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font size="3">（国外乳企和国内乳企三大阵营）</font></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 124.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 11.9"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">图<span lang="EN-US">1-2</span>：五力竞争模型<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.2.1</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">行业内竞争激烈<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）群雄争霸，诸侯割据</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国奶业现在显然是一块令人垂涎的肥肉，除了已蜂拥而至的世界奶业十强外，国内各大食品巨头也扎堆而入，并形成上海光明、内蒙伊利、河北三鹿和北京三元等群雄争霸的局面。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="center"><font size="3"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1-3</font></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：国内外乳品领先企业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 216pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="288">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">江苏维维集团<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="132">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">美国美赞臣公司<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 126pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="168">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">黑龙江省完达山乳业集团<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 216pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="288">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">新希望集团<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="132">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">美国惠氏公司<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 126pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="168">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 216pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="288">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">广东雅士利集团、浙江李子园集团、湖南太子奶集团<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="132">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">意大利</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">帕玛拉特</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表<span lang="EN-US">1-4</span>国内乳品企业三巨头销售额和利润总额比<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 23.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="96">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 153pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="204">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">蒙牛<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="108">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">伊利<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="108">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">光明<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="96">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">销售额<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 153pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="204">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">213.181</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">亿元<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="108">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">192.08</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">亿元<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="108">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">8,206,011,404</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="96">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">利润总额<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 153pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="204">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">9.358</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">亿元<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="108">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">4.39</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">亿元<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="108">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">273,285,760</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 72pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="96">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 153pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="204">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">第一，跨入世界级乳业战舰的列<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="108">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">第二<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="108">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">第三<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）产业增长形势<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">目前，我国人均乳制品消费与世界平均水品的差距还很大，因此可以预见我国未来对乳制品的需求会大幅度上升。而从供给角度看，尽管在过去十年中国原奶发展迅猛，但其增长速度还无法满足乳品市场需要。供需缺口明显，光明乳业在未来<span lang="EN-US">5</span>&mdash;<span lang="EN-US">10</span>年内仍具有较大发展空间。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）退出壁垒<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">对于乳制品企业来说，退出壁垒主要源于以下几方面：生产线消毒设备及专用配方等专用性资产劳工协议供货方协议已建立的市场营销体系等。尤其是对于光明乳业这样的乳制品企业中的大型企业，面临退出壁垒更显庞大。这些因素迫使许多乳制品企业在收益甚微甚至收益为负的情况下仍然努力维持。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）高成本库存<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">当产品一经生产便很难储存或库存成本很高时，各个企业就容易产生改变价格以确保销量。光明乳业提供的最主要产品就是液态奶，而液态奶最大的问题就是不易保存，因而，关于液态奶的价格战不断发生。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.2.2</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">潜在进入者的威胁<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">对于乳制品行业来说潜在竞争者主要受规模经济产品歧异获得分销渠道与其报复的影响。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）规模经济<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">乳制品产业的规模经济主要表现在采购方面和生产方面。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">原奶价格对乳业企业的生产成本影响很大，而中国奶源主要集中在内蒙古黑龙江等省区。这导致了各地的原奶价格差距十分明显。<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年原奶的平均收购价在上海为<span lang="EN-US">2.2</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>千克，在黑龙江为<span lang="EN-US">1.4</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>千克，内蒙古为<span lang="EN-US">1.1</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>千克。<span lang="EN-US">22</span>国内著名的乳品生产企业如光明乳业对内蒙古黑龙江等进行&ldquo;圈地运动&rdquo;，掌握了大量优质而且价廉的奶源。对新进入者而言，老的奶源供应已名花有主，寻找新的奶源或建设自己的奶源基地面临更大的资金投入。因此，耐原的积累竞争为新进入者带来极大的障碍采购的规模经济赵成了进入壁垒的提高。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">在生产方面，要是的牛奶农场能够实现经营的专业化和整体运输成本降低，就必须引进生产线进行大量生产。据统计，目前全国已有<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>的乳品企业出现亏损，规模上不去，生产内成本降不下来是主要原因。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）产品歧异</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">伴随着乳制品行业竞争的日趋激烈和重组整合的不断进行，许多地方品牌逐渐成为并购的对象后在竞争中淘汰出局，而以光明为主的乳业优势企业则迅速脱颖而出，成为乳品市场的主力军。乳业市场份额逐渐优势企业集中。根据中国乳制品协会统计，<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年上海光明乳业、内蒙古伊利实业集团、石家庄三鹿集团、北京三元食品公司、内蒙古蒙牛乳业、黑龙江完达山乳业等十家行业特大型企业销售收入<span lang="EN-US">183.4</span>亿元，占行业基数的<span lang="EN-US">53%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2005</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年底，仅光明伊利蒙牛这三家企业的市场份额就超过了<span lang="EN-US">40%</span>。可见，好的品牌成为消费者的主要选择对象。消费者也因品牌带来的质量保证而对其建立了一定的忠诚度。因此，产品歧异建立的进入壁垒使得新进入者极有可能面临初始阶段的亏损，并且常常要延续一个阶段。这样对新进入者来说就会面临特殊的风险，如果进入失败，必将血本无归。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）获得分销渠道<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">我国乳品企业生产的产品中<span lang="EN-US">65%</span>以上是液态奶。液态奶产品的不易保存性质以及消费者注重产品的新鲜程度心理，迫使企业要建立自己畅通的分销渠道，以保证产品及时地传递给消费者。因此，各乳品企业的分销渠道不仅渗透到大卖场便利店个体奶摊，甚至渗透到单位食堂和各种饭店。在批发和零售基础上，直销模式也被越来越多的企业运用。一些乳制品企业中的巨头，全国的分销摊位已日渐完善。一些地方品牌由于地域优势，分销渠道也十分稳固。对乳品企业而言，后得分销渠道不仅需要人力物力财力，还需要经验的积累。这也是新进入者的障碍。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）预期报复<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">乳制品企业间的竞争十分激烈，相互的纷争不断涌起。&ldquo;还原奶&rdquo;之争、&ldquo;无抗奶&rdquo;之争使得许多品牌的乳品受到不同程度的打击。市场上甚至出现过&ldquo;奶价不如水价&rdquo;的现象。每年的<span lang="EN-US">11</span>月到次年的<span lang="EN-US">4</span>月是牛奶的销售淡季。到<span lang="EN-US">10</span>月底，各家的牛奶销量均有下降，淡季时的最低比旺季时的最高点要减少<span lang="EN-US">20%-30%</span>的销量。为争夺市场占有率，各品牌相互压价，有的采取买四赠一买二赠一的活动，甚至采取不正当的手段相互诋毁。虽然近几年乳制品销售收入呈现一路上升的态势，但价格战对于行业的紧急效益造成了比较大的负面影响，因此，利润总额出现了明显的波动，显示了行业竞争得激烈。对内进入者来说，现有乳制品企业间的激烈竞争，暗示了进入该行业必然会面临报复。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.2.3</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">替代品威胁力<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">对乳制品行业来说，其最主要的替代品就是豆浆、豆粉为代表的豆制品。豆制品的营养已被消费者深刻认识。在美国、日本等国，食用大豆，饮豆浆风靡一时，尤其是对豆浆更是赞美有加，称之为&ldquo;绿色牛乳&rdquo;。另外，如制品价格高于豆制品，这使得许多不发达地区的消费者更愿意选择豆制品。惠尔康公司旗下的谷粒谷力即饮谷物食品，依靠<span lang="EN-US">&ldquo;</span>天然谷物素营养，均衡饮食更健康<span lang="EN-US">&rdquo;</span>这一独特卖点，赢得了谷物食品领域的<span lang="EN-US">&ldquo;2008</span>中国食品产业最具成长潜力新品奖<span lang="EN-US">&rdquo;</span>。使得饮谷物食品也成为乳品的替代品。但从目前来看，替代品的压力虽然存在，但还不是很大。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.2.4</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">供应商议价能力<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">奶源作为乳品的基本与原料，成为制约中国乳业发展的瓶颈问题。很多乳品企业包括大型企业都不同程度地受到缺奶问题的困扰。<span lang="EN-US">06</span>&mdash;<span lang="EN-US">07</span>年奶牛饲料涨价很厉害，一吨玉米从<span lang="EN-US"> 1300 </span>元卖到<span lang="EN-US"> 1700 </span>元，青贮更是翻了倍，饲料的成本太高，已经有养殖户把奶牛当作肉牛卖。&ldquo;世界牧场&rdquo;澳大利亚一连三年的干旱，奶源供应大减，导致全球牛奶价格走高，奶粉的价格也就势涨了两成多，进口脱脂奶粉的价格比去年同期涨了几乎一半。有的企业因为奶源不足，生产线开工两年长期在<span lang="EN-US">60%-70%</span>之间。供方集团还表现出向前整合的现实威胁，所以供方的议价能力得到加强。最为直接的表现就是国内市场的奶牛价格不断上涨，原奶价格也居高不下。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.2.5</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">购买者议价力量加强<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">乳品消费的地区差异越来越明显。如今北京上海两地的液态奶消费就占全国消费总量的<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>，主要消费城市的乳品市场成为争夺的重点，且个企业的争夺防卫也正逐渐向其它城市扩展。因此，在各大城市的超市里，各种品牌的乳品不胜枚举，这不仅为购买社提供了充分的信息，而且还使得他们的买方转换成本降低。因此，买方议价能力加强。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font size="3"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1.2.6</span></strong></st1:chsdate><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">小结<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">通过上述分析，我们对光明乳业各个方面的竞争力量作以下总结<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">竞争力量<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">对利润的威胁程度<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">现有企业的竞争<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">中等&rarr;高<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">潜在的进入者<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">中等<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">替代品<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">不大<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">购买者的力量<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">正在加强<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">供应商的力量<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font size="3">中等<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbs