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<title><![CDATA[包装博客(软包装)]]> </title>
<description>
<![CDATA[多年软包装行业产品开发，质量管理经验，提供各类包装资料、标准及咨询服务，愿意与大家共同交流！]]>
</description>
<link>http://hyszln.blog.bokee.net/</link>
<language>zh-cn</language>
<creator>hyszln</creator>
<pubDate>Wed, 06 Dec 2006 14:52:45 CST </pubDate>
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<ttl>5</ttl>

<item>
<title>改性PVA涂布膜与各种高阻隔薄膜之对比</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1955522.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">背景描述：</span></div>
<div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">在成本及环保的压力下，减量包装成为软包装发展的一个趋势，它提倡在保证对内容物有效保护的前提下，尽可能减少包装材料的使用，节省资源，降低成本。而要达到此目的，高阻隔包装材料的采用势在必行。</span></div>
<div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">国内常用的高阻隔材料和聚乙烯醇</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">(PVA)</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">高阻隔材料性能比较</span></div>
<p>
<table style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto -3.6pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 430.5pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="574" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr style="HEIGHT: 18.9pt">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 114.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 18.9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="153">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">名称</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 168.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 18.9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="225">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">优点</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 147pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 18.9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="196">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 68.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">缺点</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="HEIGHT: 35.3pt">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 114.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 35.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="153">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">铝箔</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 168.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 35.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="225">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">阻隔性能最好，可蒸煮、可有效阻隔紫外线</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 147pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 35.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="196">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">不透明、耐折性差、成本高、不能用于微波加热</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 114.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="153">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">镀铝薄膜</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 168.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="225">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">耐折性好于铝箔，阻隔性能可接近于铝箔、可阻隔紫外线、镀铝加工成本低廉</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 147pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="196">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">不透明、镀层强度差</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">(</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">遇水后铝层易自动脱落</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">)</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">，不能用于微波加热</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="HEIGHT: 111pt">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 114.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 111pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="153">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">EVOH </span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">五层共挤薄膜</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 168.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 111pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="225">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">具有优秀的阻隔性能，具有优良的耐油和耐有机溶剂性能、抗静电性能，能够再生利用，焚烧时仅产生</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">CO2 </span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">和</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">H2O</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">，是优秀的绿色环保包装材料</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 147pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 111pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="196">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">环境湿度超过</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">50%</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">时，其阻隔性能急剧变差，故不宜单独使用。因进口</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">EVOH </span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">树脂、进口多层共挤设备的投资都十分昂贵，导致产品成本高</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="HEIGHT: 6.75pt">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 114.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 6.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="153">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">纳米尼龙</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 168.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 6.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="225">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">阻氧性能良好，阻隔水蒸气的性能有所改善，耐油、耐有机溶剂</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 147pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 6.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="196">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">成膜工艺单一，回收比较困难，技术还不成熟</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 114.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="153">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">PVDC </span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">涂层薄膜</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 168.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="225">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">同时具有良好的阻隔氧气和阻隔水蒸气的性能，涂层可热封、成本较低</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 147pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="196">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">涂布需专用设备；不能熔融造粒再生利用，废弃物在焚烧时会产生氯化氢、二恶英之类对人类和周围环境有毒、有害的物质</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 114.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="153">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">镀氧化硅薄膜和</span></div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">镀氧化铝薄膜</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 168.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="225">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">透明性好，阻氧、阻湿等性能非常优秀</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 147pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="196">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">目前国内还没有单位生产，产品成本极高</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 114.8pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="153">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">改性聚乙烯醇</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">(PVA)</span></div>
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">涂布薄膜</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 168.7pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="225">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">阻氧性能优秀，成本相对低廉，应用简便、环保保香性能优良、无色、透明度好、具有优良的耐油、耐有机溶剂性的性能</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 147pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="196">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">由于涂层薄，尽管经过改性，为保持最佳的阻氧效果，仍需聚烯烃</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><a target="_blank" href="http://cl.newmaker.com/cat_1210010.html"><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">塑料</span></a></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">薄膜加以保护</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"></span></p>
<div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">例，食品包装中，保质期要求在</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">12</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">个月以上的，通常采用的包材结构为</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">OPP/VMPET/CPP</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">（或</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">PE</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">，依据包装物及其他效果选择），以达到预期的保质期限。使用</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">PVA</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">涂布膜与调整后的印刷材料复合后替代现有的三层结构，符合减量包装的要求，以下是相关材料的阻隔性能对比表：</span></div>
<p>
<table style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 398.7pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="532" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr style="HEIGHT: 16.05pt">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 168pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="224">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">结构</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 129.85pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="173">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">透氧（</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Cm3/24H.0.1Mpa</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">）</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 100.85pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="134">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">透湿（克</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">/m2*d</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">）</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="HEIGHT: 23.3pt">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 168pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 23.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="224">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">BOPP19/VMPET12/CPP20</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 129.85pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 23.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="173">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">0.36</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 100.85pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 23.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="134">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1.27</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="HEIGHT: 23.55pt">
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 168pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 23.55pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="224">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">BOPP19/PVA/VMCPP20</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 129.85pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 23.55pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="173">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">0.10</span></div>
            </td>
            <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 100.85pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 23.55pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="134">
            <div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">0.20</span></div>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
</p>
<div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">为了弥补因</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">VMPET</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">节省而造成的挺度降低，可以采用</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">BOPP27/PVA/VMCPP20</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">的结构。经</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">PVA</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">涂布后的薄膜成本较涂布前高</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">2000-3000</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">元</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">/</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">吨，但是，由于减少了一次复合工序，加上胶水、人工、水电、工时的节省，经过笔者精确测算，成本比三层结构的要下降</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">6-10%</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">左右。</span></div>
<div style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">目前，PVA涂布产品还在推广中，就涂布的位置（印刷、热封中间层），方式、应用领域还需要整个包装行业对它的进一步认识，成本、环保意识的加强。</span></div>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1955522.html</guid>
<subject>原创</subject>
<author>hyszln</author>
<category>原创</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jul 2008 10:16:03 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>医药软包装膜热封制袋工艺浅谈</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1284283.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;近些年，随着医药以及药包行业的迅速发展，特别是中成药、颗粒剂、粉剂等药品市场的不断扩大，软包装袋由于其良好的阻隔性，在药包领域中占有越来越大的比例。由于一些PTP泡罩包装的高阻隔性要求，使得某些药品在使用泡罩包装后还需要在包装外面加上一层复合膜软包装袋，以此来增强对药品的保护功能，防止水汽、光照等外在因素对包装内药品药效的破坏。本文主要就制袋过程中一些主要工艺参数和实际生产过程中经常出现的一些问题进行简单的阐述和研究。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;目前，热封合是应用在复合包装材料中最普遍、最实用的一种制袋方式。它是利用外界各种条件（如电加热、高频电压及超声波等）使塑料薄膜封口部位受热变成粘流状态，并借助一定压力，使两层膜熔合为一体，冷却后保持强度。热封合方式有很多种，比如熔断封合、超声波封合、高频封合、热空气封合、棒式热封合等。根据医药包装的特点及要求，医药软包装袋大多都是采用棒式热封合，它也是整个包装袋行业中最常见的一种热封合方式。这种热封方式主要是通过对加热棒温度、热封时间、加热棒与硅胶板之间压力三者进行协调，最终达到满意的封合效果。一般来说，好的封合效果取决于它是否具有良好的热封强度以及完好无损的外观。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一、热封制袋三要素&nbsp; <br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;习惯上我们称热封温度、热封时间、热封压力为热封制袋的三要素。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.热封温度 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;热封温度的作用是使粘合膜层加热到一个比较理想的粘流状态。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;由于高聚物没有确定的熔点，是一个熔融温度范围，即在固相与液相之间有一个温度区域，当加热到该温度区域时，薄膜进入熔融状态。高聚物的粘流温度与分解温度分别是热封的下限与上限，粘流温度和分解温度差值的大小是衡量热封难易的重要因素。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;热封温度是根据热封材料的特性、薄膜厚度、热封烫压的次数及热封面积大小而设定。同一部位烫压次数增加，温度可适当降低，热封面积大时，温度可略高一些。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在热封复合制袋加工过程中，热封温度对热封强度的影响最为直接，各种材料的熔融温度高低直接决定复合袋的最低热封温度。在实际生产过程中，热封温度受热封压力、制袋机速以及复合基材的厚度等因素影响，因而实际热封温度往往要高于热封材料的熔融温度。热封温度若低于热封材料的软化点，则无论怎样加大压力或延长热封时间，均不能使热封层真正封合。一般来说，随着热封温度的增大，热封强度也会增加，但到了一定的温度以后，强度不会增加（见图1热封强度与温度的关系）。如果热封温度过高，极易损伤焊接处的热封材料，熔融挤出产生&ldquo;根切&rdquo;现象，大大降低了封口的热封强度和复合袋的耐冲击性能。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.热封时间 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;热封时间是指薄膜在热刀下停留的时间，它也是影响热封口强度和外观的一个关键因素。相同的热封温度和压力，热封时间长，则热封层熔合更充分，结合更牢固。但热封时间过长，容易造成热封焊缝处起皱变形，影响平整度和外观；同时热封时间过长，还会造成大分子分解，使封口界面密封性能恶化。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一般来说热封时间主要由制袋机的速度决定。旧式的制袋机，调节热封时间只有靠改变制袋机的速度，要延长热封时间，就必须牺牲生产效率。近年来，国内外的制袋机生产厂家使用独立的变频电机技术控制热封刀下降和送料，使制袋机能够在不改变制袋速度的情况下独立调节热封时间或在控制热封时间不变的情况下独立调节制袋速度，大大方便了制袋机的操作和质量控制，提高了制袋机的生产效率。 <br />&nbsp; <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.热封压力 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;热封压力的作用是使已处于粘流状态下的高聚物树脂薄膜在热封界面之间产生有效的分子相互渗透、扩散，从而达到一定的热封效果。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;要达到理想的热封强度，必须加以合适的压力。对于一般轻薄的医药包装袋来说，热封压力至少要达到20&nbsp;N/cm2，而且随着复合膜总厚度的增加或热封宽度的增加，所需压力也应该相应的增加。若热封压力不足，两层塑料薄膜热封材料之间难以实现真正的贴合和互熔，导致局部热封不上，或者难以消除热封层中的空气，造成虚封或不平整。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;但是当热封压力过大时会产生熔融材料挤出的现象，挤走了部分热封材料，使焊缝边形成半切断状态，且焊缝发脆，影响了热封效果，降低了热封强度。一般热封后，封口部位的强度损失不得大于10%～15%。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;压力的变化可以改变热封特性。显然，压力越大，所需热封时间或者热封温度都可以降低，但同时热封范围将会变窄。实际操作中压力是可以调节的，采用较高的操作温度，通过缩短热封时间来提高产量，但操作控制难度较大，必须特别小心，以免产生负面效果。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;二、复合膜材料本身的因素 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;除了热封制袋三要素的工艺参数对制袋影响较大外，复合材料的性能也是最直接影响热封制袋的各项性能指标以及制袋过程中设备操作参数的重要因素之一。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.复合膜热封材料的种类、厚度 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一般医用复合膜包装用热封材料有LDPE、CPP、EVA、VC热熔胶以及其它一些离子型树脂surlyn共挤或改性PE、PP等薄膜。同等情况下蒸煮袋包装常用的CPP热封强度要比一般的LDPE强，改性的薄膜要比没经过改性的薄膜强度高。热封材料的厚度一般在20～80&mu;m，有一些特殊要求的（如蒸煮袋）也有达到100～120&mu;m。同一种热封材料，其热封强度随热封厚度增大而增大。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;此外，材料的总厚度、均匀度、平整度也是很重要的参数指标。均匀度和平整度较差会使热封压力、温度不能够均匀地传递到薄膜的热封区域上，这样沿热封刀具方向的高聚物所处的粘流状态就不均一，不能确保完好的界面密闭性。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.复合膜复合强度 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;复合膜是由非热封层与热封层经过挤出、干法复合而来，实际意义属于层合，不是严格意义的复合材料学上的复合概念。内封层（聚乙烯等）与次内层基材的层间复合强度对热封质量有着很大的影响。与内封层相复合的其它基材对内层热封来说起着补强的作用，大部分复合膜热封处的破坏都发生在复合膜的层间或脆断，一般热封强度要远大于复合强度。对于复合剥离强度较低的产品，由于基材薄膜与表层薄膜（含次内层）的拉伸强度、弹性模量及伸长率有很大的不同，在拉力作用下往往是热封边处的复合膜层间首先剥离，致使由内层独立承受破坏拉力，而使其它层材料失去补强作用，热封强度等质量指标由此大为降低。而且在热封的同时，热封部位的复合强度本身也会有一定程度下降，所以要想得到充分的热封强度，使内封层与次内封层之间具有相当好的复合强度是前提条件。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.复合膜表层材料 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;印刷基材和其它复合层基材的耐热性对复合袋的平整性有着重要的影响。一般来说，表层材料耐热性越好，袋子的平整性等外观性能也就越好，因此复合膜表层材料往往也会限制制袋机的热封温度。根据实践经验，一般表层为PET、PA等耐高温性较高的基材时，生产过程中常可以通过提高热封温度来加快制袋速度，而不会影响制袋的外观；表层材料为BOPP等耐高温性较差的基材时，尽量采用较低的热封温度。通过改善热封压力和延长热封时间来保证热封强度和外观，避免为了加快生产速度而提高热封温度。 <br />三、制袋常见问题分析 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.封边有花斑、气泡 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;①材料因素。如PT、NY等吸湿性材料在保存时易吸收水分，在高温制袋时易产生气泡、气斑。另外复合粘合剂因尚未完全固化，在高温热封时耐温不够、剥离强度差，也易脱层产生气斑。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;②热封边部位较宽时易产生气斑，应调整压力，调大间隙，将夹气挤掉。薄膜走动时有波动会夹进空气，进刀前应排干净，进热封刀前夹板应适当夹紧。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③制袋控制不当，如硅橡胶板长时间使用变形、高温布破损、热封刀上有脏物等。制袋速度、温度、压力等工艺参数不适当和不协调也会产生气斑。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.热封强度差 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;热封强度差是制袋过程中最常出现的疑难问题。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;①热封材料的影响 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;热封材料的种类不同，热封强度不同，如PP、PE、EVA热封强度不一致；同种薄膜不同聚合方法的产品，热封强度不同；材料的厚度、均匀性等也会影响热封强度；热封层不同的加工方法，如吹塑、流延膜等，均影响热封强度。薄膜的保存时间过长，析出物增多，经过电晕处理热封强度差。吸湿性材料吸潮，热封面脱层，剥离强度下降。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;②复合膜加工工艺的影响 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;印刷油墨耐温性差或在油墨中添加剂不适当，在制袋高温下，印刷层发生脱层，热封强度下降。热封边应尽量设计成无图案。复合工艺中粘合剂选择也很重要，粘合剂的配比、粘度等参数的合理与否均会影响封口强度。在挤出复合或涂布工艺中，加工温度高，材料表面氧化程度大，羧基生成量增加，不利于热封。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③制袋工艺的影响 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;热封后的封边冷却不够，定型不足，不能消除内应力，影响强度及外观，应及时检查，加强冷却水循环系统。热封次数越多，热封强度越高。纵向热封次数取决于纵向焊刀的有效长度和袋长之比；横向热封次数由机台横向热封装置的组合数决定。良好的热封，要求热封次数至少在两次以上。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.封口膜皱、翘曲 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;①热封温度，引起不均衡收缩。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;②热封时间太长，间接导致温度积累，使膜表面过热。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③制袋张力控制不当，影响了薄膜的平整度，破坏了间隙送料的均衡性。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;④间隙偏大，最好控制在1～1.5mm之间。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.裁切线与横封边不平齐 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;①裁切刀的下刃装得太低。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;②切刀下面导梳变弯，高于下刀位置。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③切刀基座安装不平齐。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.上下片对不准 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;①材料的厚度不均匀，有松弛现象。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;②浮动辊张力太小。 <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③运行过程中有些辊转动不平衡。]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1284283.html</guid>
<subject></subject>
<author>hyszln</author>
<category></category>
<pubDate>Fri, 21 Dec 2007 14:12:09 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>除氧、干燥剂包装膜的种类及工艺浅谈</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1280383.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p>除氧、干燥剂对包装膜的要求可以概括为以下几点：包装保护、产品标识、宣传（印刷图案）、还要有一定的透过性（方便里面的产品起到吸湿、除氧的作用）。目前，市面上的该种包装膜种类繁多，质量参差不齐，起到的包装效果也就差别很大。概括起来，只要有以下几种：第一种是无纺布，因为无纺布本身就有一定的透过性，所以可以在一定程度上满足缓释的要求，但是内容物释放的程度不容易掌握，且印刷较为困难。第二种是复合纸塑复合材料，这种结构的材料因工艺不同在性能上又体现出差别。国内较为常见的做法是采用干式、挤出等复合方式将几层材料粘合到一起，然后再根据缓释速度的要求进行不同大小、不同密度的打孔，这种方法解决了印刷等问题，较无纺布包装显得档次要高，也是国内厂家普遍采用的做法，但是此种包装材料的缺点也很明显，内容物容易漏出，污染包装物，对于缓释速度要求较慢的产品显然不合适。为了解决上述问题，较为先进的做法是在印刷层材料上淋膜，然后进行打孔，中间选用防油透气纸淋膜热压打孔，然后进行热压复合，此种做法避免了干式、挤出等复合中的胶水、塑料膜层堵塞针孔，又避免了将中间层纸张破坏，防止内容物外流，应该说是目前综合效果最好的。</p>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1280383.html</guid>
<subject>原创</subject>
<author>hyszln</author>
<category>原创</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 20 Dec 2007 11:15:48 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>英国常用瓦楞原纸、纸板及纸箱检测设备和测试方法 </title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1170964.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<div style="MARGIN: 7px; COLOR: dimgray; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; LETTER-SPACING: 1px"><span id="lbl_note">
<p>迄今为止，对瓦楞纸板自身特性及成分还没有进行过真正科学、精确的检测。这是由于检测过程中会有很多不确定因素发生，或取决于对纸张、纸板和纸箱的加工方法，另外，在检测区域，温度、湿度、检测装置的操作和纸箱内装物品的变化也是原因之一。不过，确立一些指导性检测方法，并从中挑选出那些对比较某些材料、纸板和应用方面来说很重要的检测方法应该是明智之举。</p>
<p>　<strong>　纸张</strong></p>
<p>　　为使影响纸张性能的各种条件尽可能标准化，需要对各种条件进行合理有效的控制。以英国为例，测试通常是在室内50％的相对湿度和23℃温度下进行的。试样应在测试前24小时内妥善放置。</p>
<p>　<strong>　吸水性测定</strong></p>
<p>　　公认的检测方法是Cobb法，不过该法仅适用于面纸。先把两端张开的金属环或圆筒夹在既定区域和重量的纸张上，使纸重有效地闭合金属环或圆筒的一端。测好定量的水（通常为25ml）倒入蓄水区，规定时间过后将残余水倒掉。这时重新称量一下纸张试样，知道前后重量差便可算出吸水率，以此来比较不同面纸的吸水性。通常规定的测试时间约为一分钟，只有纸张吸湿性特别强时才会调整时间。</p>
<p>　　而水滴测法可适用于所有纸张。此法较为容易，只是结果不够精确，不过可随时随地进行测试，对不同纸张作比较。通常先在纸上画个圆圈作标记，将量好的少量水滴入圆圈中央，通过测定吸水时间即圆圈湿透的时间来计算纸张的吸水性。</p>
<p>　<strong>　透气度测试（纸张孔数量测定）</strong></p>
<p>　　常用方法为Gurley测试法，仍需测定时间，不过这次测定的是在规定气压下，定量空气通过纸张上的规定区域（此处用作一层隔膜）的时间。</p>
<p>　　纸张上的固定区域是由环规来界定的。随后压缩空气在规定气压的压力下穿过这层&ldquo;隔膜&rdquo;，渗透的气体量可用测压计测得。透气度常用&ldquo;毫升/分&rdquo;作单位表示。Bendsten测试法与本法类似。</p>
<p>　<strong>　环压强度测试（RCT）及派生的其他测试法(CCT和SCT)</strong></p>
<p>　　测试时，把一张152毫米（6英寸）长、12.7毫米（1/2英寸）宽的纸带放入一张厚钢板的环形槽中。钢板是平放的，纸带的长度正好可沿其环形槽围成一个卷筒。纸卷上方再放一张水平的钢板，随后再不断向纸卷施压直到把纸卷压溃。施加的压力即为该纸的RCT指数，通常以&ldquo;牛顿&rdquo;作单位。此法主要用于测试面纸，不过也可尝试用来测试瓦楞芯纸。这些纸张的RCT指数可为今后形成的纸板的最终边压强度提供很好的参考。</p>
<p>　　<strong>瓦楞纸压缩强度测试（CCT）</strong></p>
<p>　　本法专门用于测定瓦楞纸。如同在瓦楞芯纸平压强度测试（CMT）中一样，纸张通过冷压式瓦楞芯纸成形机后成为和瓦线上一样的芯纸。如同上文提到的RCT测试程序，成形芯纸也要受到压力，在被压溃的一瞬间可算出其抗压度。</p>
<p>　　<strong>短矩压缩强度测试（SCT）</strong></p>
<p>　　不管是RCT测试还是CCT测试，都不可以重复进行，因为纸张在受压时的形状或垂直状态都有可能发生了变化，再测试时结果不会很精确。因此，人们为保持测试的一致性，研发出对纸张进行短矩压缩强度的测试方法。通过用两块夹板把15毫米宽的纸带牢牢夹平，中间留出0.7毫米（0.030英寸）自由纸的缝隙。其中一块夹板在液压下沿纸带平面向另一块夹板运动，挤压中间的窄纸带，同样还是要测出纸张被压溃时的压力。该测试在机器方向（MD）和机器垂直方向（CD）上都可以完成。</p>
<p>　<strong>　瓦楞芯纸平压强度测试（CMT）</strong></p>
<p>　　在瓦楞纸板生产的早期阶段，业内人士认为有必要测定出不同瓦楞芯纸的平压强度，于是瓦楞芯纸试验装置便应运而生。这次还要用152毫米&times; 12.7毫米(6英寸&times;1/2英寸)的纸带,把纸带放入与单面机上作用类似的冷压式芯纸成形机上便可变成芯纸。芯纸也可在单面机上的热辊作用下成形，不过要在贴上胶带后存放一段时间。贴胶带是为了仿效单面纸板，确保芯纸从单面机上移开后不发生变形。这张单面纸带随后便可置于压力之下，也可用作RCT测试和 CCT测试。纸带受压后，在CMT测试中可能会出现两种压溃的情况&mdash;&mdash;要么楞形&ldquo;展开&rdquo;，要么侧面损坏。这样，芯纸和面纸便可以进行比较测试了。同样，也可用单面机上实际生产出的单面纸进行测试，比较一下CMT实际值和理论值。</p>
<p>　　进行&ldquo;热芯纸&rdquo;测试要让样纸经过热的单面机瓦楞棍，随后放在夹板间，重复上面的步骤。</p>
<p>　　<strong>水分测试</strong></p>
<p>　　进行水分测试，广泛使用的工具是手持式湿度计。用湿度计前要校准好纸张颜色或表面光洁度（影响光的发散）。另外，参照一下生产厂家提供的说明书。</p>
<p>　<strong>　Scott层间粘合强度测试</strong></p>
<p>　　把样纸一端粘在金属基座，另一端粘在顶部的角形构件上。用一个下垂的摆锤敲打角形构件的竖直面直到其与纸样分开。要达成这一分离目的所需的能量常用&ldquo;焦耳/平方米&rdquo;作单位。</p>
<p>　　造纸厂做的其他一些试验还有pH值测试、纸张光亮度和平滑度测试等。</p>
<p>　<strong>　耐破度测试（也适用于瓦楞纸板）</strong></p>
<p>　　常用方法为Mullen（缪伦）测试法，其中应备有一个伸展的液压式弹性圆形光圈，在其上方放有类似的纸张或纸板圆片试样，圆片试样正好被夹在光圈上面。试样破裂时的液体压力会被记录下来，即所谓的试样Mullen测试数值，通常以&ldquo;千焦/平方米&rdquo;作单位。</p>
<p>　　<strong>纸和纸板厚度测试</strong></p>
<p>　　测量纸和纸板的厚度会用到测微计，测微计可以控制压力，适当调换测砧。</p>
<p>　<strong>　纸和纸板克重测试</strong></p>
<p>　　造纸厂常用灵敏试验秤检测单位纸张的克重，并与本厂的标准做比照。测定出克重和厚度，则纸张密度立马便知。纸板重量测定也可同用此法。</p>
<p><strong>纸板</strong></p>
<p>　　<strong>边压强度测试（ECT）</strong></p>
<p>　　本测试相当重要，从中可看出用此类纸板制箱后纸箱的堆叠强度，其中竖立纸箱面的楞形也是竖立的。这种测试同CCT、CMT、RCT和FCT测试类似，都要对纸带施压，纸带的两端要绝对水平平行，并与轴线垂直。ECT值便是纸板被压溃时测量的压力值。</p>
<p>　　ECT值可略微估计出来，即将各面纸的RCT值与瓦楞芯纸的CCT值（要考虑到纸张收缩率）相加得到。初次粘合过、有结构厚度的复合瓦楞纸板计算ECT值时要再加上10%。</p>
<p>　<strong>　平压强度测试（FCT）</strong></p>
<p>　　测试时，将切好的圆形纸板试样放好，置于压力之下。同CMT测试一样，可能会出现两种压溃的情况&mdash;&mdash;没出现的话，则极有可能是由于楞形倾斜。</p>
<p>　<strong>　粘合强度测试(PAT)</strong></p>
<p>　　这项测试由来已久，用于测试瓦楞芯纸和面纸的粘合强度。常用工具是特制的&ldquo;梳子&rdquo;，这种&ldquo;梳子&rdquo;上的凸出针长度是纸板宽度的两倍，而直径大小正好可以放在被测纸板的楞间。从矩形纸板试样两侧各插入一把&ldquo;梳子&rdquo;，然后向这两把&ldquo;梳子&rdquo;施加压力让它们分开，即向上下面纸用力试图分开面纸和芯纸。瓦楞芯纸和面纸被撕开时的压力值便是所测纸板的PAT值。每张面纸的粘合强度也可分别测出，这要取决于凸出针插入哪一侧的面纸。</p>
<p>　　瓦楞芯纸和面纸被撕开后，有必要检查一下到底真是作测试才使粘合失效，还是纸张的层间粘合强度有问题，一般后者情况居多。</p>
<p>　<strong>　戳穿强度测试</strong></p>
<p>　　测试元件用的是一个带尖状工具的摆锤，测试时将摆锤从一个预定角度抛下，让其戳穿纸板试样。戳穿程度会显示出所测纸板的耐破强度，数值会显示在一个计量表上。</p>
<p>　<strong>　纸箱</strong></p>
<p>　<strong>　纸箱抗压强度测试</strong></p>
<p>　　这种测试所需压力较大，用来测定成品纸箱的潜在堆叠强度&mdash;&mdash;即，填充好物品的纸箱究竟能堆多高。这不仅取决于纸箱顶部对底部的压缩强度，还取决于内装物品的重量及自身的特性。如果内装物品的主容器（如罐、瓶）有结构竖直强度而且紧密排列在纸箱里，则会有助于提高纸箱的抗压强度。当然，纸箱堆底层的纸箱所受压力决定了所需的纸箱抗压强度。</p>
<p>　　这种测试得出的结果和实际结果却常常相去甚远。出现这种差别的原因要么是纸板质量不一，特别是每面纸板的粘合强度不同，要么就常常是纸箱的竖直纸板面发生了变形。这些现象会发生在装填物品的过程中，更会发生在封箱过程中，主要是因为纸板压线不够清晰、难以辨认，或者由于压线工具不合适或受损造成了压痕失误。折叠摇盖时要干净利索，否则会使压线附近的纸板鼓起来，在竖直压力作用下就有可能被压溃。</p>
<p>　　但是纸箱的抗压强度还取决于纸箱的ECT值和周长以及制箱纸板的厚度。McKee公式常用来计算纸箱的抗压强度，公式如下：</p>
<p>　　BCT(千克)=1.515&times;ECT0.57&times;T0.87&times;（L+W）0.47<br />　　其中，ECT为边压强度（千克/厘米），T为纸板厚度（毫米），L、W分别为纸箱的长度和宽度（毫米）。</p>
<p>　<strong>　跌落测试</strong></p>
<p>　　这种测试不仅仅是对纸箱，还包括对其内装物品和一些填充纸板等包装整体的保护性能测试。上世纪前50年，测试方法多少显得有些&ldquo;粗暴&rdquo;：把测试纸箱从二层或三层楼的窗户扔到厂里的混凝土路面上，肉眼或拍照观看结果如何。后来，人们还把纸箱放在手推车上沿着斜坡或斜道向下冲撞一个硬实的表面，或滚翻装在转筒里的纸箱让其越过障碍物。如今，人们又研制出了新型抗震测试设备。</p>
<p>　　如今很多电子产品生产厂家都详细规定了对跌落测试的要求，他们不允许内装物品出现任何损失。同前所述，这种测试不仅仅是对外包纸箱本身，还是对包装设计、包装材料和规格的整体测试。</p>
<p>　　有些实验室的测试对于作比较测定（若非绝对测定）是有必要的，也可称其为进行质量控制的一种手段。</p>
<p>　　不过，实际上最重要的测试极有可能是由操作人员来完成的。测试区域主要在进纸天桥附近（测试单面纸板的粘合强度），以及初次粘合的纸板下线时，此时测试纸板能得到很多有用的信息，如粘合强度、切割是否成方形、纸板起泡与否、纸板抗压强度如何、是否充分干燥、有无翘曲等。虽然机器制造商成功地让机器操作时不再需求太多技能，但仍然要求操作人员要懂一些技能及制板原理，而操作人员发挥其技术特长的空间也变得越来越小。另外，对操作人员进行正式的培训也很重要，因为所学的机器测试方法马上就会派上用场，而在实验室进行测试的结果会晚些时间才能出来，这也是必然的和可以理解的，多数情况下结果还未出来，测试早就完成了。现在，很多厂家早就省去了测试一环，多数检测设备已经处理掉了，只剩下纸箱抗压强度检测装置、平压强度检测装置和纸板厚度测定装置了。在一些较大的厂家，也只不过是在大区中心或总部才随便做些检测罢了。</p>
</span></div>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1170964.html</guid>
<subject>资料、标准</subject>
<author>hyszln</author>
<category>资料、标准</category>
<pubDate>Mon, 12 Nov 2007 13:39:50 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>软罐头食品包装“蒸煮袋”的构成及特性</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1149646.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软罐头食品的历史</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br /><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">玻璃瓶和金属罐装的食品，已于十九世纪普及到世界各国，并一直被珍视为贵重的、可藏的食品。然而，由于罐头盒本身份量重，以及长时间加热使风味受到影响，所以未必能满足消费者的要求。但罐头的出现却是人类历史上具有划时代意义的事件，像鱼、肉类等以前保留水分贮藏困难的食品，从此也可以保存下来而不损害其风味。同金属罐的情况一样，用杀菌锅成功制造了玻璃瓶罐头，这类食品在以往很长时期中一直成为食品的主要包装形式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由此可见，玻璃瓶罐头和金属罐头的历史很长，而软罐头食品的历史还不长。软罐头食品的研究是以美国为首，于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1940</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年就开始了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1956</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年伊利诺依大学的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Nelson</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Seinberg</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对包括聚酯薄膜在内的几种薄膜进行了试验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1958</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年起，美国陆军</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Natick</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">研究所和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Swift</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">研究所开始从事供军队使用的软罐头食品的研究，为了用蒸煮袋代替战场上用的马口铁罐头食品进行了大量的试制和性能试验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1969</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Natick</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">研究所制成的软罐头食品受到信赖，成功地应用于阿波罗宇航计划。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于这类包装的食品，可以在常温下放置而且有较长的使用寿命，食用时既可以冷食，又可以热食，使用方便，可以节省保存所需的能量，因此很受人们的欢迎。瑞典是世界最早生产和销售软罐头食品的国家，但是，世界上把软罐头食品作为商品化大规模生产的，当以日本为最。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 1968</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，日本大塚食品工业公司使用透明高温蒸煮袋包装咖喱制品，在日本最早实现了商品化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1969</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年改用铝箔为原料以提高袋的质量，使市场销售量不断扩大；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1970</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，开始生产用蒸煮袋包装的米饭制品；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1972</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，开发了蒸煮袋的汉堡饼，并实现了商品化，蒸煮袋装的肉丸子也投入市场。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铝箔型蒸煮袋最早是由三层耐热的材料复合制成，称之为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蒸煮袋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英文名为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">RetortPouch</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，简称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">RP)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，日本东洋制罐公司出售的蒸煮袋，含铝箔叫做</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">RP-F(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">耐</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="135" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">135</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，不含铝箔透明的多层复合袋叫做</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">RP-T</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">RR-N(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">耐</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">欧美各国把这种袋称为软罐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(FlexibleCan</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SoftCan)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蒸煮袋的特点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蒸煮袋具有以下特点：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能够全部杀菌，微生物不会侵入，保存期长，透明袋有一年以上的保存期，铝箔型蒸煮袋有二年以上的保存期。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">透氧、透湿都接近于零，使内容物几乎不可能发生化学变化，能较长期保持内容物的质量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以利用金属罐、玻璃瓶罐头食品的生产技术和设备。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">封口可靠容易。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">袋子热封可冲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">V</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">型、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">U</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">型缺口，易用手撕开食用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">印刷装璜美观。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 7.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟内加热后食用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 8.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可室温保存，可任何场合食用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 9.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">适于包装较薄食品，如鱼片、肉片等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 10.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">废弃物容易处理。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 11.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">袋的尺寸可选择范围广，特别是小规格包装袋，比罐头食品更方便。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蒸煮袋用包装材料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br /><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软罐头使用的包装材料，可分为袋状</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">俗称蒸煮袋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、盘状</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">俗称蒸煮容器</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和圆筒状三种类型。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这些包装材料，或者是单层的塑料薄膜，或者是塑料薄膜和铝箔的复合制品。在说明这些包装材料之前，有必要了解复合薄膜中的塑料薄膜及铝箔等原材料的特征和性能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软罐头使用的复合薄膜包装材料，其外层薄膜有尼龙、聚酯，作为阻隔层的薄膜有聚偏二氯乙烯、铝箔、乙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乙烯醇共聚物，而作为密封层的薄膜有聚丙烯、特殊聚乙烯等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由此表可知，复合薄膜所使用的各种原材料具有以下特征。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">聚酯：具有优良的透明度、耐热性和耐磨性。薄膜厚度有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米两种，印刷就在聚酯上进行，它可用作蒸煮袋或盘状容器的盖材。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尼龙：作为软罐头用包装材料的基材是不可缺少的。有双向拉伸和未拉伸两种。双向拉伸尼龙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">薄膜，不仅具有优良的耐热性、耐寒性，而且撕裂强度和耐针孔性也好，因此，可与其它原材料复合在一起使用。另外，为了防止卷缩，提高强度，也有使用尼龙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6-6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">薄膜的，但价格要比尼龙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">聚偏二氯乙烯：作为单层薄膜也可在软罐头中使用，可作为火腿、香肠的包装材料，其密封性、结扎性、热收缩性、气体阻隔性均优良。聚偏二氯乙烯还可作为尼龙、聚酯等膜材的涂层使用。除此以外，还有用于作为蒸煮袋的复合基材，用于高温、高压杀菌的优良的高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯薄膜上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高密度聚乙烯：软罐头用的特殊高密度聚乙烯在日本已有商品销售。这种薄膜虽然气体阻隔性差，但由于抗张强度、延伸率、撕裂强度优良，封口适应性好，所以可作为密封层使用。然而，高密度聚乙烯在耐热性方面存在若干特点，其最高耐热温度为</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">聚丙烯：有良好的透明度、耐油性，而且耐热性比特殊聚乙烯好，所以可用作蒸煮袋和蒸煮容器的密封层。软罐头包装材料的密封层，大部分采用未拉伸聚丙烯膜或薄片。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铝箔：铝箔是采用纯度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">99%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上的电解铝，经过压延制作而成，作为包装材料使用时，铝箔是包装材料中唯一的金属基材。蒸煮袋所使用的铝箔厚度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7-15</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米，而蒸煮容器所使用的铝箔厚度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">50-130</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米。由于铝箔无毒、无味，具有优良的遮光性，有极高的防潮性、阻气性和保密性，能最有效地保护被包装物，所以作为含脂肪食品的包装材料最为合适。然而，由于铝箔弯曲后有产生针孔的危险，所以有必要以塑料薄膜作为外层，与其复合。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软罐头用的包装材料，多半是塑料薄膜和铝箔复合而成。由于包装食品的种类、杀菌温度和保存条件的不同，所以必需仔细考虑各种原材料的组合，这步操作是包装设计中最重要的一环。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蒸煮袋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br /><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蒸煮袋和其它的食品包装材料不同，由于蒸煮袋要在热水或水蒸气中以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">110</font><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="140" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><font face="Times New Roman">-140</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的高温杀菌，所以必须有良好的热封性、耐热性、耐水性和阻隔性。在耐热性方面有三点要求：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">复合部分及封口部分不能因热处理而发生剥离及强度降低。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">袋内密封面之间不得发生粘连。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尺寸要稳定等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此外，内层薄膜粘连的极限温度，中密度聚乙烯为</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="110" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">110</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，特殊聚乙烯为</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，聚丙烯为</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="125" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">125</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，特殊聚丙烯为</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="140" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">140</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在耐水性方面，尼龙具有亲水基，吸水后虽有发白的危险，但复合部分不会分层。就阻隔性材料来说，有乙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乙烯醇聚合物、聚偏二氯乙烯、特殊尼龙；但是聚偏二氯乙烯和其它原材料不同，虽然也出现白色混浊，但经过一段时间后会恢复正常，在此期间，阻隔性不变。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关于蒸煮袋的构成、机械适应性以及物理性能等，以下分</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种类型进行说明，即：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 1)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">透明普通型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 2)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">透明隔绝型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 3)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铝箔隔绝型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 4)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高温杀菌用袋。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、透明普通型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">透明普通型蒸煮袋，因为能看见内容物，所以被多数食品加工厂所采用。特别是酱菜、米饭等包装以及在低温下销售的汉堡肉饼，大多采用这种类型的包装材料。这些透明普通型包装材料，其外层采用尼龙或聚酯薄膜，内层是聚丙烯、聚乙烯等聚烯烃薄膜。表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为透明普通型蒸煮袋的构成和物理性能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从这些结果可以看到，</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="毫米" sourcevalue="20" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫米</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的封口强度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="公斤" sourcevalue="7" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><font face="Times New Roman">-7</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">公斤</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，热封范围在</span><font face="Times New Roman">150</font><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="220" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><font face="Times New Roman">-220</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，粘连温度均是</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="124" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">124</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。其次这两种材料的阻隔性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">RP-T</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的氧气透量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">118</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫升</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.24</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大气压，水蒸气透过性为</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="克" sourcevalue="3" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.24</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">RP-N</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的氧气透过量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">55</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫升</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.24</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大气压，水蒸气透过性为</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="克" sourcevalue="3" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.24</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时。这两种包装材料之间之所以呈现阻隔性差异，可能是因为聚酯和尼龙薄膜固有的阻隔性不同所致。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">制造蒸煮袋的复合包装材料工厂，对这种透明普通型蒸煮袋的构成进行试验，生产了许多类型的蒸煮袋，表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是代表性的蒸煮袋构成及物理性能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由表可知，适合在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下使用的蒸煮袋，其内层即密封层采用特殊高密度聚乙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国内尚无该产品，可采用共聚级聚丙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，而能够在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="135" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">135</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">温度下杀菌的蒸煮袋，须用特殊聚丙烯作为密封层。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、透明隔绝型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蛋白质和脂肪含量高的肉食加工品和鱼肉加工品的杀菌，要求采用透明隔绝型包装材料。这些包装材料中间夹有高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(K-flex)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。用共挤法复合的薄膜等高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯作为中间层。表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是关于高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯复合薄膜的物理性能。根据此表，由聚酯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(15</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">未拉伸聚丙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">构成的蒸煮袋，其氧气透过量是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">14</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫升</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.24</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大气压</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">温度</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="30" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，相对湿度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">60%)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。相比之下，双向拉伸聚丙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乙烯醇共聚物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(17</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">聚乙烯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的氧气透过量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫升</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.24</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大气压</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="30" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，相对湿度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">60%)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯复合薄膜作为软罐头的包装材料，具有非常良好的特性。图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯复合薄膜的杀菌温度和氧气透过量的关系。由该图可知，对有阻隔性的三种复合薄膜，在杀菌前和</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="130" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">130</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">杀菌后进行氧气透过量测定，结果表明，高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯复合薄膜在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="130" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">130</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">杀菌后，氧气透过量仍变化不大，而其余两种包装材料，杀菌前氧气透过量很低，杀菌后氧气透过量则急剧增大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯复合薄膜在杀菌处理后氧气透过量随时间推移而产生的变化，从图可知，高阻隔性聚偏二氯乙烯复合薄膜在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">,20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟杀菌后，在温度</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="30" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，相对湿度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">80%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的条件下存放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">15</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天，其氧气透过量仍是固定不变。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三、铝箔隔绝型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软罐头中大部分是咖喱类、炖制食品、肉类及高级烹调食品等。在这些食品包装材料中，铝箔是防止香气逸散，具有遮光性的基础材料。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">制作这种袋子，首先要把印刷好的聚酯薄膜和铝箔干法复合，然后再和聚乙烯或聚丙烯薄膜复合。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由此表可知，这类薄膜的构成随杀菌温度而异。在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">杀菌的薄膜，其构成是聚酯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铝箔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特殊高密度聚乙烯或共聚级聚丙烯；能耐最高</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="135" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">135</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">杀菌的薄膜，其构成为聚酯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铝箔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特殊聚丙烯。这几种薄膜的氧气透过量和透湿度几乎为零。只要没有因包装材料折曲而产生的针孔，阻隔性指标数字就能接近零。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用铝箔隔绝型的蒸煮袋，要注意酸性食品对铝箔的腐蚀作用，以及因折曲产生的针孔而导致内容物变质。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">除了这些缺点和内容物看不见以外，铝箔可说是非常优良的软罐头用包装材料。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四、高温短时间杀菌用袋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高温短时间杀菌食品蒸煮袋，简称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">HTST(HighTemperaturehortTime)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。高温短时间杀菌，不但食品的风味不受影响，而且可杀死细菌，这就诞生了高温杀菌的软罐头。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先，我们来了解一下使微生物致死的条件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罐头和蒸煮袋等容器包装密封加压加热杀菌食品的标准中，规定了食品中部位需要在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">温度下加热</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟以上，</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟的加热杀菌条件，意味着可以把耐热性芽孢菌肉毒杆菌完全致死。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关于肉毒杆菌的耐热性，可以看表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。根据表中数据，肉毒杆菌的芽孢在磷酸缓冲液</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(PH7)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中，在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="100" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">100</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时加热</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">330</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟致死，</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="115" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">115</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时加热</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟致死，如在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">温度下进行杀菌，经过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟可完全致死。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可知，肉毒杆菌的芽孢在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加热</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟后可以完全致死，但是，罐头食品是蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物等的混合食品，这些物质对细菌的芽孢构成保护层，因此，在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加热</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟，有时也未必能使细菌的芽孢致死。为了安全起见，食品工业现在采用中心温度在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加热</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5-6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟的高温高压杀菌。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了完全杀死芽孢细菌，也采用在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="120" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上的高温短时间杀菌。另外，采用高温短时间杀菌时，食品的风味不致逸散，食品的褐变反应也不致加深。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">采用高温短时间杀菌，不仅可以保持食品质量，而且可以大大提高生产率。道理很简单，杀菌时间的缩短，意味着加工生产时间的缩短，这样，设备运转率可以大幅度提高，从而使生产效率大大提高。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关于高温短时间杀菌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(HTST)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用蒸煮袋的主要构成和物理性能如表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所示。由表可知，铝箔袋的构成为聚酯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铝箔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特殊层</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">聚烯烃，其氧气通过量和水蒸气透过度均为零，相对而言，透明袋有两种构成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即尼龙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特殊层</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">聚烯烃及聚酯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特殊层</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">聚烯烃</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它的氧气透过量分别是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">47</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫升</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.24</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大气压</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="27" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><font face="Times New Roman">27</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相对湿度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">65%)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，水蒸气透过度分别是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.24</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时，这些高温短时间杀菌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(HTST)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用袋和其它蒸煮袋相比，其粘连温度高，为</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="137" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">137</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，热封温度对铝箔袋为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">190~</font><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="250" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><font face="Times New Roman">250</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，透明袋为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">180~</font><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="220" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><font face="Times New Roman">220</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五、高温蒸煮袋加工要求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">许多企业在高温蒸煮袋的加工中，虽然人、物、料等环节都经过严格控制，但生产出的产品仍不尽人意，因复合袋胀袋脱层而屡遭客户投诉。在实际生产中要注意以下几个问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">: <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">印刷油墨的选择。采用特定的高温蒸煮油墨经过</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="121" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">121</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">40</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟的蒸煮，仍不发黄、发黑、发暗，不会因附着力下降而脱色，多选用双组份聚氨酯油墨。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br />&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">复合黏合剂的选用。一般选择符合蒸煮要求的双组份聚氨酯胶，更高温度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="135" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><font face="Times New Roman">135</font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FA