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<title><![CDATA[蓝蓝青涩]]></title>
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<modified>2008-06-26T08-39-17 CST</modified>
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<entry>
<title>海水淡化是解决瓦房店及周边地区缺水问题的最佳途径（修改）</title>
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<issued>2008-06-26T08-39-17 CST</issued> 
<created>2008-06-26T08-39-17 CST</created>
<modified>2008-06-26T08-39-07Z</modified>
<id>tag:llqs168.blogchina.com,2005://1935150</id>
<author>
<name>llqs168</name>
<url>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/llqs168.html</url>
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<dc:subject>科技之窗</dc:subject>
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<![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">海水淡化是解决瓦房店<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">及周边地区缺水问题的最佳途径</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"><font face="宋体">大连复州湾盐场</font></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"></span><st1:chsdate w:st="on" year="2008" month="6" day="18" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"><font face="宋体">王玉平</font></span></st1:chsdate></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" year="2008" month="6" day="18" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"></span></st1:chsdate><font face="宋体"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" year="2008" month="6" day="18" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">2008</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">年<span lang="EN-US">6</span>月<span lang="EN-US">18</span>日</span></st1:chsdate><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">水是基础性经济资源，事关国家和地区的经济发展。我国属水资源贫乏国家，淡水资源总量为<span lang="EN-US">2.7</span>亿万立方米，位居世界第<span lang="EN-US">6</span>位，人均占有量<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="立方米" sourcevalue="2200" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">2200</span>立方米</st1:chmetcnv>，仅为世界人均占有量的四分之一，是世界上<span lang="EN-US">13</span>个贫水国之一。而我国经济发达、人口稠密的沿海工业城市，淡水资源人均占有量大多低于<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="立方米" sourcevalue="500" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">500</span>立方米</st1:chmetcnv>；大连、天津、青岛等极度缺水城市，人均占有量不足<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="立方米" sourcevalue="200" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">200</span>立方米</st1:chmetcnv>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">瓦房店地区淡水资源同样十分缺乏，虽然人均占有量有<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="立方米" sourcevalue="360" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">360</span>立方米</st1:chmetcnv>，但主要集中在东北部地区，西南沿海地区淡水资源十分匮乏。随着长兴岛临港工业区和松木岛化工产业园区的开发建设，淡水需求量在逐年增加，严重缺水已成为影响本地区经济可持续发展的一个突出问题。如果采取蓄水、跨流域调水等措施，只能实现水资源的时空位移，不能增加水资源总量，更不能解决区域性长期缺水问题。目前解决这一问题的最佳途径，就是采取海水淡化与浓海水综合利用技术，实现水资源利用的开源增量，意义重大。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">一、国内外海水淡化的现状<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">海水淡化作为水资源的增量技术，愈来愈受到许多沿海缺水国家的重视，海水淡化能力也以每年<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>&mdash;<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>的速度在增长，最大的海水淡化装置日产水量已达到了<span lang="EN-US">45</span>万吨。目前，全世界有海水淡化厂<span lang="EN-US">1.4</span>万多座，淡化水日产量约<span lang="EN-US">4000</span>万立方米，其中<span lang="EN-US">80%</span>的淡化水用于人畜饮用，目前全球有<span lang="EN-US">1</span>亿多人的饮用水靠海水淡化提供。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">我国是继美、法、以色列等国之后研究和开发海水淡化技术的国家之一，在海水淡化关键技术方面取得了重大突破，现已全面掌握了多级闪蒸和反渗透法两大主流海水淡化技术，并具备了一定的工程经验，海水淡化的经济性也日趋合理。在建成了青岛黄岛（日产淡水<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="立方米" sourcevalue="3000" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">3000</span>立方米</st1:chmetcnv>）、山东荣城（日产淡水<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="立方米" sourcevalue="5000" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">5000</span>立方米</st1:chmetcnv>）等海水淡化示范工程后，我国又在大连长海、山东青岛、天津塘沽、浙江舟山等地建设规模为<span lang="EN-US">1000</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">5000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">立方米<span lang="EN-US">/</span>日的海水淡化项目。天津大港现已建成<span lang="EN-US">15</span>万吨<span lang="EN-US">/</span>天的海水淡化厂。天津滨海新区、唐山曹妃甸工业园区也都规划建设较大规模的海水淡化项目，这两个地区的海水淡化规划能力将达到每年<span lang="EN-US">6</span>～<span lang="EN-US">8</span>亿立方米，已经在建的海水淡化工程规模达到了每天<span lang="EN-US">60</span>万吨。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">二、海水淡化技术简介<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">目前海水淡化技术共有十多种，在海水淡化技术的发展过程中，逐渐形成了以多效蒸发、多级闪蒸和反渗透法为代表的海水淡化技术。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">、多效蒸发（<span lang="EN-US">MED</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">将加热后的海水在多个串联的蒸发器中蒸发，前一个蒸发器的二次蒸汽作为下一个蒸发器的热源，并冷凝成为淡水。其特点是：单机造水能力大、节能、不结垢。目前耗能水平在<span lang="EN-US">6.0</span>&mdash;<span lang="EN-US">8.0</span>千瓦时<span lang="EN-US">/</span>立方米。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">、多级闪蒸（<span lang="EN-US">MSF</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">将经过加热的海水一次在多个压力逐渐降低的闪蒸室中进行蒸发，蒸气冷凝得到淡水。其特点是：产量大、技术成熟、运行安全，主要与火电厂联合建设，适用于大型淡化厂。目前耗能水平处于<span lang="EN-US">10</span>千瓦时<span lang="EN-US">/</span>立方米。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">、反渗透法（<span lang="EN-US">SWRO</span>，又称膜法）<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">利用半透膜将海水与淡水分隔开，对海水一侧进行加压，使淡水透过膜，而盐分被截留得到淡水。该法对海水的水质要求较高，适合于无热源的场所。目前耗能水平在<span lang="EN-US">3.8</span>&mdash;<span lang="EN-US">4.3</span>千瓦时<span lang="EN-US">/</span>立方米。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">近年来，海水淡化的主流技术已由多级闪蒸转变为以反渗透技术为主，当然也有两种技术组合式应用的。由于海水淡化成本主要取决于电力和蒸汽的消耗，为了实现能源的高效利用，降低海水淡化成本，近年来又发展起来水电联产、热膜联产等淡化方式，降低了投资费用和造水成本。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">三、海水淡化取水与远程调水的比较<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">在海水淡化技术日渐成熟的今天，经济性是决定其广泛应用的主要因素。目前国内还有很多人认为海水淡化成本过高，实际上存在认识误区。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">先看远程调水。如果远程调水仅以日常管理费、维修费计算成本，远远低于其实际成本，因为远程调水的成本还包括工程投资、占地补偿等费用，调水过程中还有蒸发、渗漏和截留损失等。另外，远程调水还会受到调出区水量的限制以及可能出现的水源污染、环境破坏等问题。当水源区处于枯水期时，受水地区特别是远端地区就会出现无水可用的被动局面，甚至还会出现与农业用水争抢的局面。由此可见，远程调水的成本并不低，有的甚至大大高于海水淡化成本。美国曾做过研究：远程调水超过<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="公里" sourcevalue="40" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">40</span>公里</st1:chmetcnv>，成本将超过海水淡化成本。如&ldquo;引黄济青&rdquo;工程占地就达<span lang="EN-US">6.2</span>万亩，还会造成黄河断流、植被破坏等生态问题；上世纪<span lang="EN-US">80</span>年代实施的&ldquo;引滦入津&rdquo;工程，调水成本<span lang="EN-US">3</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>立方米左右。专家预测，南水北调工程实施后，长江水调到北京，综合成本将在<span lang="EN-US">10</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>立方米左右。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">再看海水淡化。海水淡化是按市场经济方式，将取水、装备、运行、管理等费用全部计入成本，能耗是直接决定其成本高低的关键。目前我国小规模海水淡化成本大约为<span lang="EN-US">6-7</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>吨，日产水量超过<span lang="EN-US">5000</span>吨以上成本就会低于<span lang="EN-US">6</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>吨。天津大港<span lang="EN-US">15</span>万吨<span lang="EN-US">/</span>天海水淡化装置成本只有<span lang="EN-US">4.5</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>立方米左右，价格比自来水稍微偏高。随着海水淡化技术的进步，淡化成本还会逐步降低。同时，海水淡化属就地生产，就近使用，不受时空和气候的制约，且水质好，供水稳定，具有相当的公益性。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">四、淡化后的浓海水综合利用技术<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">海水淡化不论采取哪种方案，都将有浓海水产出。淡水与浓海水的产出比例是<span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">﹕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">。用<span lang="EN-US">3</span>波美度的海水进行淡化，产出的浓海水的比重是<span lang="EN-US">6</span>波美度，含盐量比海水增加了一倍。如果将大量的浓海水排入大海，即使是开放海域，也会对海域生态造成较大影响， <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">对海水循环能力很差的我国渤海湾，淡化后的浓海水是绝对不能直接排放入海的。据初步估算，一个日产<span lang="EN-US">10</span>万吨淡水的海水淡化厂，如果连续<span lang="EN-US">3</span>天将浓海水排入渤海湾，附近<span lang="EN-US">8</span>平方公里海域的海水盐度将提高<span lang="EN-US">10%</span>以上；如果连续排放<span lang="EN-US">1</span>个月，受污染海域面积将扩大到<span lang="EN-US">23</span>平方公里，海水盐度将提高<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>。可见，浓海水对沿海海域的影响是巨大的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">海盐场是承接淡化后的浓海水的最佳场所，将海水淡化项目建在盐场附近，是解决淡化后浓海水污染问题的最佳途径。淡化后的浓海水，含有大量的化学资源，是海盐场和盐化工厂的理想原料，经过海盐场及盐化工厂综合利用后，最终实现零排放，不仅解决了近海污染问题，也降低了海水淡化的成本，是渤海湾建设大规模海水淡化装置的重要支撑条件。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">目前，我国开发利用浓海水的技术比较成熟，在利用浓海水进行丰年虫养殖、中度卤水提溴、高效吸附浓海水提钾、海水制盐以及利用制盐母液提取氯化钾、氯化镁、硫酸镁、硫酸钠等产品方面都有成熟的技术和装备，完全具备综合利用浓海水的产业技术条件。同时，随着由于盐化工生产规模的继续扩大和新技术的不断应用，可对现有的盐化工产品进行深加工，使盐化工产业链得以延伸，如溴化物、钾肥、高纯氧化镁、氢氧化镁阻燃剂、金属镁、镁肥等，最终实现&ldquo;海水<span lang="EN-US">---</span>淡化<span lang="EN-US">---</span>浓海水<span lang="EN-US">---</span>制盐<span lang="EN-US">---</span>盐化工生产<span lang="EN-US">---</span>零排放&rdquo;的循环模式，其经济、环境、社会效益都非常显著。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">另外，采用浓海水制盐，缩短了生产时间，节约了生产用地。据测算，一个１０万吨的海水淡化装置副产的浓海水，需要承接的盐田面积约６５平方公里，可年产海盐<span lang="EN-US">6</span>０多万吨，而用海水为原料的同等规模的海盐场，海盐生产面积至少需要<span lang="EN-US">105</span>平方公里，可节省盐田面积<span lang="EN-US">40</span>平方公里。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">天津滨海新区和唐山曹妃甸工业园区共征用塘沽盐场、汉沽盐场、南堡盐场盐田<span lang="EN-US">83</span>平方公里，使盐场产能大幅下降，当地两碱化工企业的原料供应受到巨大影响，职工就业问题也十分突出。但由于工业园区在盐场周边建设较大规模的海水淡化厂，副产的浓海水全部无偿提供给附近的盐场使用，使这几个制盐企业在盐田面积减少的情况下，海盐产能却增加了一倍，因征地带来的许多问题也都得到化解。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">大连复州湾盐场是个历史悠久的海水制盐企业，面积<span lang="EN-US">162</span>平方公里，盐田面积<span lang="EN-US">150</span>平方公里。这些盐田可以承接日产<span lang="EN-US">25</span>万吨海水淡化厂产出的浓海水，制盐能力将达到<span lang="EN-US">150</span>万吨<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年。如果将复盐周边的乡镇小盐场一并考虑在内，其承接浓海水的能力还将提高。因此，如果在盐场附近建设一个<span lang="EN-US">20</span>万吨的海水淡化厂，用这些浓海水来产盐，在海盐年产能达到<span lang="EN-US">120</span>多万吨的同时，还可节省<span lang="EN-US">30</span>多平方公里的盐田，供政府开发使用，同时也相应解决了因工业占地给盐场带来的连锁影响。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">瓦房店市环渤海湾岸线</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="公里" sourcevalue="461.2" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 新宋体">461.2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 新宋体">公里</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 新宋体">，居全国县级市第二位</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">，境内及周边工业基础较为雄厚，长兴岛临港工业区、松木岛化工产业园区的发展日新月异，对淡水资源的需求量越来越大，但是，境内的可供淡水资源量不容乐观。复盐坐落于长兴岛临港工业区和松木岛化工产业园区之间，在这一岸线附近建设海水淡化厂，具有得天独厚的优势，一方面增加了瓦房店市及周边淡水资源量，解决了淡水资源紧缺问题。同时，由于瓦房店市西南端岸线制盐行业产能大，有能力完全消化掉大量的浓海水，对浓海水资源进行综合利用，实现地区经济的可持续发展。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">五、几点想法<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">一是鉴于淡水供应日益紧张的形势，建议政府尽快在复盐周边启动海水淡化项目。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">二是完善海水淡化项目的投融资机制，在保证政府控制权的前提下，引入竞争机制，通过政府、企业、社会多方筹集资金，建立稳定可靠的海水淡化生产利用保障体系。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">三是在大连市政府的引导下，调整我市现行的供水结构，允许淡化水进入城镇供水系统并保证一定的供水量。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 277.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 18.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 277.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 18.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]>
</content>
</entry>

<entry>
<title>对特级工业盐生产的认识</title>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/732573.html"/>
<issued>2007-05-15T08-47-27 CST</issued> 
<created>2007-05-15T08-47-27 CST</created>
<modified>2007-05-15T08-46-41Z</modified>
<id>tag:llqs168.blogchina.com,2005://732573</id>
<author>
<name>llqs168</name>
<url>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/llqs168.html</url>
</author>
<dc:subject>科技之窗</dc:subject>
<content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="zh_CN" xml:base="http://www.bokee.net"> 
<![CDATA[<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所谓特级工业盐就是为了满足使用离子膜生产工艺的化工企业用盐。其质量标准是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&le;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.20%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup> </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&le;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.10%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&ge;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">95.5%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&le;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">.0.5%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">I<sub>m</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&le;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，且</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup>=2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。在这里结合我场几年来特级工业盐生产的实践，谈一点对特级工业盐的生产工艺、操作的看法，以供参考。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、生产特级工业盐的理论探索。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">升海水浓缩到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">28.5<sup> 0</sup>B</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">e</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&prime;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时，从卤水中析出的盐类有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">CaSO<sub>4</sub></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">.</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2H<sub>2</sub>O</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </span></font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">MgSO<sub>4</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">MgCl<sub>2</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaBr</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，析出量分别是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.3384</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">29.6959</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.4787</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3.3172</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.5524</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克，总盐量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">36.3826</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从以上计算可知：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.0624</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克，占总析出盐量的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.2933%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.030568</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克，占总析出盐量的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.3923%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.18436</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克，占总析出盐量的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.7391% </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">20.807</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克，占总析出盐量的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">97.786%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> Ca<sup>2+</sup>:Mg<sup>2+</sup>=2.04:1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。与特级工业盐的质量要求有一定的距离。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2001 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的特级盐生产实践看，结晶的工艺条件是：灌池卤水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Na<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3.5~4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，终止结晶卤水的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Na<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上，结晶水深为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">20~30cm, </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从产出的海盐中采取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">组样品，化验分析的结果是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平均含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.0783%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，最高含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.1239%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，最低含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.0384%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量平均为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.2470%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，最高含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.401%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，最低含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.155%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量平均为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.5640%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，最高含量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.9861%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，最低含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.2084%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。与特级工业盐的质量要求也有一定的差距。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因此，在现有的结晶基础和工艺标准下，在结晶池中直接生产出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量均达到特级工业盐质量标准要求，并使</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup>=2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的特级工业盐的可能性不大，其原因是在析出的盐中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量大，钙含量小。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2. </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原盐经过洗涤处理和存放后的质量变化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">把同一样品分成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">份，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">份直接化验，另</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">份经淡水洗涤后化验，其结果是：直接化验的盐中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.07%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，洗涤后含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.05%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，除掉了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">28.57%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.21%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，洗涤后含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.04%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，除掉了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">80.95%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.65%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，洗涤后含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.44%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，除掉了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">32.31%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。所以减少原盐中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量，可以进行洗涤处理后。原盐经过洗涤后，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的含量可以达到质量要求标准。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">比值洗涤后为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与质量要求标准</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量少，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原盐存放时间对质量的影响。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2001</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，五分场扒特级工业盐一万吨左右，扒到坨上后化验的情况是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.13%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.142%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.624%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">94.22%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup>:Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.915:1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；存放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个月后盐坨上化验的情况是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.1175%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.1125%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.4625%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">94.25%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup>:Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1.044:1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；存放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个月后运盐时在机车上采样化验情况是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.128%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.072%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.462%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">94.85%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup>:Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1.778:1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年没有进行特级工业盐定点生产时的海盐经存放质量变化情况是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年定等时原盐中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.2264%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.2318%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.921%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">94%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup>:Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">比值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.9767:1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2002</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年销售时原盐中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.177%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.103%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">0.68%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">94.23%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup>:Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">比值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1.72:1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上可以看出：原盐经过存放一段时间，能够降低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的含量，提高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的含纯量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对特级工业盐的生产的建议<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">目前生产特级工业盐的各单位各有高招，但生产特级工业盐应遵守的原则是提高<span lang="EN-US">NaCl</span>含量，减少<span lang="EN-US">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span>、<span lang="EN-US">Mg<sup>2</sup></span>、<span lang="EN-US"> SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></span>离子的析出量。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ca<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">Mg<sup>2+</sup></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、<span lang="EN-US">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></span>的析出</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要是控制进入结晶池卤水的质量和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的结晶速度。因为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是以<span lang="EN-US">CaSO<sub>4</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O</span>晶体的形式存在，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它在卤水达到饱和时，析出量占</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">84%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，以后随着</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的析出而析出；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Mg<sup>2+</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要是在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">NaCl</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">析出的过程中以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">MgSO<sub>4</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">MgCl<sub>2</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的形式被夹带出来的，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">附在<span lang="EN-US">NaCl</span>晶体表面，析出量与<span lang="EN-US">NaCL</span>的析出速度有关；<span lang="EN-US">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></span>是以两种形式出现的，一部分是以<span lang="EN-US">CaSO<sub>4</sub></span>&bull;<span lang="EN-US">2H<sub>2</sub>O</span>的形式出现的，另一部分是以<span lang="EN-US">MgSO<sub>4</sub></span>的形式附在<span lang="EN-US">NaCl</span>晶体表面；</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在特级工业盐析出区间</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">MgSO<sub>4</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">MgCl<sub>2</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有达到饱和析出。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为此，我们可以在特级工业盐生产中努力提高<span lang="EN-US">NaCL</span>含量。在原盐归坨中或后期处理<span lang="EN-US">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span>、<span lang="EN-US"> Mg<sup>2+</sup></span>、<span lang="EN-US">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></span>的含量。处理的方法为：在扒盐中用低度卤水或淡水进行洗涤，原盐归坨后适当延长原盐存坨时间。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">其基本操作是：使用高质量的卤水，提高工艺条件进行海盐生产。具体要求是：灌池卤水的<span lang="EN-US">Na<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup></span>&ge;<span lang="EN-US">5</span>；终止结晶卤水的<span lang="EN-US">Na<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup></span>&ge;<span lang="EN-US">3.5, </span>严禁进入结晶池后的卤水上返；灌池水深<span lang="EN-US">40cm</span>，结晶水深<span lang="EN-US">50-60cm</span>。在气温低的早晨加卤，在气温高的午后撤卤；控制好输盐卤水质量，使用新卤扒盐；控制好上坨后盐卤分离，减少卤水上坨量。扒盐时要进行二次脱水，在二次脱水中进行洗涤处理。洗涤水采用低度卤水，浓度不得超过<span lang="EN-US">10<sup>0</sup>Be</span>&prime;或是淡水。减少卤水在盐坨上停留的时间，即减少了经过盐坨的<span lang="EN-US">MgSO<sub>4</sub>, MgCl<sub>2</sub></span>的数量，使它们附着和滞留在原盐表面上的机会少；适当延长原盐堆存时间，做好淋卤、控卤工作。用淋卤、控卤的方法，减少<span lang="EN-US">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span>、<span lang="EN-US">Mg<sup>2</sup></span>、<span lang="EN-US"> SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></span>离子的含量，提高<span lang="EN-US">NaCl</span>的含量来达到特级工业盐标准。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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</content>
</entry>

<entry>
<title>海水淡化是解决瓦房店地区淡水资源不足的最佳途径</title>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/732546.html"/>
<issued>2007-05-15T08-40-15 CST</issued> 
<created>2007-05-15T08-40-15 CST</created>
<modified>2007-05-15T08-39-58Z</modified>
<id>tag:llqs168.blogchina.com,2005://732546</id>
<author>
<name>llqs168</name>
<url>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/llqs168.html</url>
</author>
<dc:subject>科技之窗</dc:subject>
<content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="zh_CN" xml:base="http://www.bokee.net"> 
<![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">城市的发展、工业园区的确定，首要条件是必须具备充足的淡水资源。世界人均拥有淡水资源量</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="7340" unitname="m3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7340m<sup>3</sup></font></span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，我国的人均淡水资源量为</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2400" unitname="m3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2400m<sup>3</sup></font></span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，大多沿海城市人均淡水资源量低于</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="500" unitname="m3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><font face="Times New Roman">500m<sup>3</sup></font></span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，我们大连市人均淡水资源量只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><font face="Times New Roman">200</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><font face="Times New Roman">m<sup>3</sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，属于严重缺水城市，是中国三个最严重缺水城市之一。瓦房店市境内的淡水资源同样不容乐观，能否长期稳定地向城市及工业园区内提供充足的淡水，是关系到本地区长远发展的前提。我认为，进行海水淡化，是解决这一问题的有效途径。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我国的海水淡化利用技术已经成熟，具备产业化条件，已经成为我国的朝阳产业，目前我国的天津地区、山东、福建等地已有多套海水淡化装置在运行，特别是天津地区，将主要依靠海水淡化来解决用水危机。海水淡化已成为走出水危机和水污染困境、实现生产新水源的唯一希望。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">海水淡化技术的种类很多，但形成产业规模的主要有反渗透法和蒸馏法。反渗透法是给海水加压，使淡水透过特殊的膜而盐份被截留的方法，对海水的水质要求较严格，适用于无热源的场所。蒸溜法（多级闪蒸）海水淡化技术具有可利用电厂和其它工厂的低品位热源、对原料海水水质要求低、装置生产能力大等优点，是当前海水淡化的主流技术，占海水淡化技术总市场份额的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><font face="Times New Roman">60%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上。但无论是哪种淡化方案，都会有浓盐水产出。在国外的开放海域，浓盐水的排放多是冲稀后直接排到海里，而这种具有多种化学添加剂的浓盐水入海后，将对海洋环境和海洋生态造成不利影响，特别是循环能力差的海湾，影响更为严重。一些国家和地区为此经常对受损失的渔民进行赔偿。如果靠近制盐场搞海水淡化，浓盐水将变成制盐及盐化工生产的理想原料，用来晒盐与综合利用，最终实现&ldquo;零&rdquo;排放。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">淡化后的浓海水（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LETTER-SPACING: -2.7pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -2.7pt">&deg;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LETTER-SPACING: -2.7pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Be</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: -2.7pt">&prime;左</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">右）中含有大量的化学资源，如果能够综合开发利用，不仅是解决当前人均资源贫瘠、环境与发展等问题的重要途径，也是采用大规模海水淡化技术的重要支撑条件。目前，我国在卤水空气吹溴，卤虫轮虫养殖，高效吸附浓海水提钾肥，卤水提取氯化钾、氯化镁、硫酸镁、硼酸镁、碳酸锂、镁盐晶须等诸多方面已有成熟的技术和装备，基本具备了综合利用浓海水的产业化技术基础。通过有效衔接发电、海水淡化、养殖、制盐、盐化工生产等工艺，实现淡化后浓海水的综合利用，形成从大吨位基础产品到系列化精细化学品的产业链，一水多用，降低能源消耗，减少占地面积（比直接使用海水晒盐可节约盐田面积<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>），消除近海污染，降低造水成本，取得最大的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">搞海水淡化项目，有人可能认为淡化水成本会很高，其实不然。自来水厂目前还未脱离计划经济体制下靠国家补贴的投资运营方式，价格与价值严重不符。而海水淡化是按市场经济方式将取水、装备、生产、运行及管理等全部计入成本，价格比自来水偏高。但随着自来水运营日趋市场化，其价格与淡化水相比将会日益接近。目前我国小规模海水淡化成本大约为<span lang="EN-US">6</span>&mdash;<span lang="EN-US">7</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>吨，如果日产水量超过<span lang="EN-US">5000</span>吨，成本将会低于<span lang="EN-US">6</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>吨，天津大港<span lang="EN-US">15</span>万吨<span lang="EN-US">/</span>日淡化能力的成本只有<span lang="EN-US">3.7</span>元<span lang="EN-US">/</span>吨。而传统的自来水，如果把调水工程投资、运行、净化处理、管理等费用以及蒸发、渗漏、截流、污染等损耗和占用土地补偿等都计算在内，其成本将会高于淡化水。而且海水淡化随着科技进步，成本还会降低。有专家预测：根据目前水平，超过<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="40" unitname="公里"><span lang="EN-US">40</span>公里</st1:chmetcnv>的调水，成本就比海水淡化贵，而且还有沿途污染和对环境的影响，不好控制。此外，调水还受到调出区水量的影响，当水源区处于枯水期时，受水地区特别是远端受水地区就会处于无水可用的被动局面。海水淡化则是就地生产、就近使用，不受时空和气候的制约，且水质好，供水稳定，具有相当的公益性。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">瓦房店市距离大连市较近，属沿海地区，环渤海湾海岸线较长，境内工业基础较为雄厚，发展海水淡化和海水综合利用具有得天独厚的优势。一方面增加了瓦房店市的淡水资源总量，避免了工业和农业争水，对长远解决瓦房店市淡水资源短缺具有重要意义。同时，由于瓦房店市境内制盐行业产能大，完全有能力消化掉淡化后的大量高浓度海水，实现了海水资源的综合利用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">目前，国内最大的核电站&mdash;&mdash;红沿河核电站已经启动，大化集团也将在松木岛化工产业基地内建设火电厂。这两处电站都处在盐场周边，承接浓海水十分便利，为瓦房店市搞海水淡化提供了最优越的客观条件，若能适时起动海水淡化项目，建设海水淡化产业示范区，通过先进实用技术的优化组合，实施以海水淡化为主，包括卤水制盐、卤水养殖以及提取卤水中其它有用化学成份的盐化工相结合的产业链，不仅能保障瓦市城镇居民及工业生产的用水需要，也可缓解大连市区的用水紧张局面，同时又能拉动地方经济发展，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这对沿海水资源匮乏地区走出困境，具有一定的示范作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]>
</content>
</entry>

<entry>
<title>把企业搬到博客上</title>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/732265.html"/>
<issued>2007-05-14T22-59-06 CST</issued> 
<created>2007-05-14T22-59-06 CST</created>
<modified>2007-05-14T22-59-05Z</modified>
<id>tag:llqs168.blogchina.com,2005://732265</id>
<author>
<name>llqs168</name>
<url>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/llqs168.html</url>
</author>
<dc:subject>Default Cloumn</dc:subject>
<content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="zh_CN" xml:base="http://www.bokee.net"> 
<![CDATA[<div class="p_entry2" id="textboxContent">
<p>现在，除了空气之外，最无孔不入的恐怕非博客莫数了。2004年在微软总部举行的年度CEO峰会上，比尔&middot;盖茨特别提到：&ldquo;博客正脱离电子邮件和网站的缺点，有望成为未来新的商务交流工具&rdquo;；2005年1月，《财富》杂志发表专栏文章《除了博客，你无路可逃》；同年5月，《博客即将改变你的商业》刊登在《商业周刊》封面上。一时间，博客成为全世界最热门的话题，以至于许多主流媒体都在报导的时候参考和引用知名博客上的文章。</p>
<p>遗憾的是，尽管新闻媒体对博客青睐有加，但是，几乎没有任何一本作品详细探讨有关博客与企业之间的关系。但可以肯定的是，博客不仅将与企业紧密结合，而且还将改变、影响和改造你的企业。问题在于：你愿意利用博客创造利润还是视而不见、充耳不闻？</p>
<p>美国著名研究机构Jupiter Research于2006年6月26日发布报告《<a title="搜索该标签相关文章" href="http://www.bokee.net/searchmodule/weblog/search_search.do?query=企业博客&amp;type=3"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">企业博客</span></a>：实施、营销和评估》，主要内容包括：</p>
<p>● 　35％的大企业计划在年内创立企业博客，加上目前已有企业博客的34％，合计有近70％拥有企业博客，到年底企业博客将翻番。</p>
<p>● 　64％的经理表示，用于部署和管理企业博客的支出不到50万美元。</p>
<p>● 　仅32％的营销经理说，利用企业博客就公司的产品(服务)进行口碑营销，表明企业博客在产生口碑营销机会方面，并未得到充分应用。<br />|博锐|12<br />从这份报告中，我们不难得出两个结论：一是企业利用博客工具是不可逆转的潮流和趋势；二是多数企业在博客策略上的重视程度和应用程度不尽如人意，而这往往会让他们在受到博客力量的冲击时大吃一惊、惊慌失措。例如，当博客上有文章宣称只需一只钢笔就可以打开远销全球的自行车的车锁时，这家大型自行车车锁生产企业的震惊程度可想而知。但是，仅仅震惊是不够的，因为这意味着它必须收回当前市场上可能存在隐患的车锁，其沉没成本几近天文数字。</p>
<p>幸运的是，更多浮出水面的则是令人振奋的故事。微软、惠普、尼桑、波音、Google、雅虎、宝洁、Oracle、IBM、SAP、通用汽车、Sun微系统等越来越多的世界级顶尖公司已经开始步入博客时代。有别于传统企业网站，他们发现博客是绕过传统媒体、扩大商业触角、宣传产品和增强用户忠诚度的最佳工具和领域，带给企业的不仅仅是在功能上的进化和形式上的改进，更多的是在应用中体现出一些企业现代经营管理思想的发展精髓。</p>
<p>博客是一种沟通工具、一种营销技巧、一种在全球范围内与客户一对一的直接交互方式。任何一个企业都可以通过浏览博客上的文章、回复和评论来了解客户和非客户是如何看待它和它的产品的。如果你能有效地向潜在客户传递有关产品和服务方面的信息，那么，你往往能在最短的时间内收到客户的反馈意见，从中你既可以发现问题的&ldquo;阴影&rdquo;，也可以发现机会的&ldquo;种子&rdquo;。</p>
<p>你或许已经在商业刊物封面上看到了博客的身影；你或许已经在新闻广播中听到了全球博客会议的声音；你或许正在好奇为什么博客能够改变你甚至你的企业。无论属于哪种情况，这本书都是你最佳的选择。</p>
<p>贯穿本书的一则核心理念就是&ldquo;传播与参与之争&rdquo;。大多数企业的沟通都是单向链条&mdash;&mdash; 把信息传达给客户，而博客的出现则让企业多了另外一种选择&mdash;&mdash; 与客户进行一场双向的对话，即我们通常说的参与。从传播到参与互动的思维转变需要一段过程，因此，我将在本书中反复强调这种理念。</p>
<p>本书的另外一个核心主题是博客如何让你创造一种积极的客户体验，因为积极的客户体验可以完全改变客户对你和你的企业的看法和认识。你对客户的重视程度越高，客户体验的影响力就越强，企业获得的成功就越大，因为一个满意的客户往往会将更多的客户带到你的身边。</p>
<p>同时，我还会向你介绍成功的企业如何利用企业博客来拓展品牌、沟通客户以及获得有关公司和产品的真实反馈信息。当然，我也会告诉你如何复制他们的经验，迈向和他们一样的成功大道。也许你会发现来自客户的直接反馈是你应该珍视的最宝贵的资产之一，因为他们往往比我们更了解我们自身，而且如果我们愿意，客户乐于把他们知道的一切无私地分享给我们。</p>
<p>搜索全世界的博客是一项不小的挑战，因此，文中部分篇幅会讨论如何找到它们，如何从中获取你想要的信息以及如何善加利用这些信息。此外，我们还会谈谈如何应对企业博客上的评论和留言，如何尊重你的读者以及如何将客户的负面评价转化为创造全新客户体验的良机等企业在博客中遇到的问题。</p>
<p>需要说明的是，本书仅仅提供了一个最基本的框架，只有你才能将动力、渴望、激情和创造力融入其中，让博客成为企业腾飞的另一扇翅膀。<br /></p>
</div>]]>
</content>
</entry>

<entry>
<title>发挥工会在构建和谐管理型企业中的作用</title>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/732064.html"/>
<issued>2007-05-14T21-00-09 CST</issued> 
<created>2007-05-14T21-00-09 CST</created>
<modified>2007-05-14T21-12-20Z</modified>
<id>tag:llqs168.blogchina.com,2005://732064</id>
<author>
<name>llqs168</name>
<url>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/llqs168.html</url>
</author>
<dc:subject>政工之声</dc:subject>
<content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="zh_CN" xml:base="http://www.bokee.net"> 
<![CDATA[<div style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">党的十六届四中全会指出：&ldquo;形成全体人民各尽所能、各得其所而又和谐相处的社会、是巩固执政的社会基础，实现党政的历史任务的必然要求&rdquo;。企业是社会的重要组成部分，企业内部管理和谐，职工队伍稳定是构建和谐社会的重要因素。因此，作为基层企业工会要认真贯彻执行党的四中全会《决定》精神，发挥工会职能作用，努力构建和谐管理型企业，为构建社会主义和谐社会出一份力。</span></div>
<div style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">一、认真履行职能是构建和谐管理型企业的前提</span></strong></div>
<div style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">坚持以人为本是科学发展观的本质和核心，和谐管理的重要标志就是贯彻&ldquo;以人为本&rdquo;的思想。什么是以人为本？胡锦涛总书记在《在中央人口资源环境工作座谈会上的讲话》中深刻指出：&ldquo;坚持以人为本，就是要以实现人的全面发展为目标，从人民群众的根本利益出发谋发展、促发展，不断满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需要，切实保障人民群众的经济、政治和文化利益，让发展的成果惠及全体人民。&rdquo;对企业来说，以人为本就是一切管理活动以人为中心、以职工根本利益为出发点，推动生产经营的各个环节实施和谐管理。工会要积极维护职工的合法权益。要以过去一人一事的维护向全体员工的大维护转移；从过去制度维护向法律维护转变。与此同时，工会要组织职工学法和知法，增强自我法律保护意识和能力。工会应遵循维护职工利益的各项原则，以&ldquo;三个有利&rdquo;为判断标准。工会要把握好各项维护的内容，要在劳动报酬、工作时间、休息休假、安全生产、保险福利等职工的具体利益维护上不断有所作为。要提高在国有和集体企业、股份制企业的主人翁地位和作用，侧重对特困职工、劳模人物、下岗人员、女职工、老弱病残者、离退休职工利益的维护。通过这些方面的维护，才能保证职工合法权益，才能最大限度调动职工的积极性，创造性，使广大职工在为企业创造更多效益的同时，自己也能享受丰收成果，确保企业稳定发展，稳定就意味着企业的和谐。</span></div>
<div style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">二、建设职能是构建和谐管理型企业的基础</span></strong></div>
<div style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">和谐管理会促进企业的经济效益，反之，企业的经济效益不好，构建和谐管理型企业就成了一句空话。因此，我们在构建和谐管理企业时就必须狠抓建设职能作用，开展群众生产活动，调动职工生产积极性，开展合理化建议活动和同工种的技术比赛，深化推进以&ldquo;双增双节&rdquo;为主要内容的质量、品种、效益的劳动竞赛活动。劳动竞赛是群众性劳动实践活动，必须最大限度地把职工群众吸引到竞赛活动中来，把广大职工的积极性、创造性充分发挥出来。要做到这一点，首先要组织职工明确生产目标，既要了解公司的大目标，又要明确厂的奋斗目标，使职工意识到只有勤奋工作，生产才能有发展，生活才能提高，从而处理好国家、集体、个人三者之间的利益关系。通过统一思想、明确目标，使职工从思想上、组织上参与到竞赛中来。其次要拓宽竞赛内容。要依据企业的生产要求，不断探讨竞赛的新课题，找准生产的重点、难点，制订相应的竞赛方案，从而使竞赛在实施中形成全员、全过程、全方位竞赛的格局。其三，竞赛内容要常变常新。生产要满足市场的需要，客观上要求竞赛的形式和内容也要适应市场的需求，开展增加品种、提高质量、降低消耗、增加效益等方面的竞赛活动。</span></div>
<div style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">三、积极做好参与职能是构建和谐管理型企业的保证</span></strong></div>
<div style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">和谐管理的企业应当是充满活力的企业。一个企业的活力如何，主要取决于职工参与管理的积极性。企业的各级组织，特别是工会组织，要最广泛、最充分地调动职工的积极性，其着眼点就是要贯彻&ldquo;以人为本&rdquo;的理念，要从环境上促进、从政治上激励、从制度上保证整个企业的创造活力。要认真落实党的十六届四中全会《决定》提出要求，全面贯彻尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造的方针，真正做到尊重人、关心人、理解人、帮助人，使职工的才能得到充分发挥。要坚持全心全意依靠工人阶级的方针，强化职工群众的主人翁意识和责任感。全力营造职工群众积极参与企业民主管理的良好氛围，使职工参与民主管理的愿望得到尊重，使职工的创造才能得到发挥，使职工的创造成果得到肯定。要充分发挥职工的主人翁积极性和创造性，积极为职工搭建施展才能、献计献策的平台，让职工群众真正感受到&ldquo;企业就是我的家&rdquo;&ldquo;我就是企业的主人&rdquo;，这样，企业才能有创造活力，才能成为和谐管理型企业。</span></div>
<div style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">四、尽力落实教育职能是构建和谐管理型企业的关键</span></strong></div>
<div style="TEXT-INDENT: 32.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">构建和谐管理型企业必须有一支素质高的职工队伍，尽力行使和落实好工会的教育职能是关键。①提高职工思想素质。要帮助职工提高主人翁意识，提倡奋发向上、改革创新的进取精神。教育职工正确处理眼前利益和长远利益的关系、正确对待改革中个人利益的得失，提高对政策承受力，为不断深化改革提供精神动力和思想保证。②提高职工文化技术素质。工会要充分利用文化宫、图书馆、职工学校和技术协会等活动阵地和设施的作用，强化职工提高自身素质的意识，造成尊重知识、尊重人才的风气和环境，鼓励更多的职工自觉成才，立足岗位成才。组织职工开展富有成效的岗位练兵、岗位培训、技术比武活动，努力培养和造就一支宏大的职工科技队伍，为提高企业生产效率和效益，推动科技进步发挥更大的作用。③提高职工的职业道德素质。在企业中，工会要帮助职工树立&ldquo;质量第一、顾客第一、信誉第一&rdquo;和团结协作、参与竞赛的思想，培养职工高尚的职业道德和敬业精神，以有助于形成一个有机的整体，增强职工对企业的向心力和凝聚力。</span></div>]]>
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