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<title><![CDATA[沈阳建亚装饰工程冯夕栗竭诚与您合作职业博客]]> </title>
<description>
<![CDATA[沈阳建亚装饰工程冯夕栗竭诚与您合作
024-88554267
024-31274158
jyzs161616@163.com]]>
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<link>http://pekingaoyun.blog.bokee.net/</link>
<language>zh-cn</language>
<creator>pekingaoyun</creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 10:58:48 CST </pubDate>
<generatorAgent rdf:resource="http://www.bokee.net"/>
<ttl>5</ttl>

<item>
<title>沈阳建亚装饰工程冯夕栗竭诚与您合作=如果水满了，你会怎么办？</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1944533.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<div class="p_entry2" id="textboxContent">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><strong><span style="COLOR: #330099"><font face="Times New Roman">ICXO.com</font></span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="COLOR: #330099; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编者按】</span></strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="COLOR: #330099; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">水满了？我们每个人都有这样的经验，就是在把土、沙子或米一类的东西装进容器时，可以高出容器的外沿，凸起小山状的尖顶，用数理的概念，就是可以在</span><span style="COLOR: #330099"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="COLOR: #330099; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">升的容器里，装上十一二升的东西。但是，无论你用什么样的容器装水，都无法让水高出容器的边沿，因为水满则溢。所以孔子赞赏水的智慧说：</span><span style="COLOR: #330099"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="COLOR: #330099; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">盈不求概，似度</span></strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="COLOR: #330099; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span style="COLOR: #330099"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="COLOR: #330099; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意思是水遇满则止，并不贪多务得，有如君子的讲究分寸，处事有度。</span><span style="COLOR: #330099"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《荀子</span><font face="Times New Roman">&middot;</font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宥坐》中有这样的记述：</span></strong><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孔子到鲁桓公的庙里参观，看见一只倾斜的器皿，便向守庙的人询问：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这是什么器皿？</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">守庙的人回答说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这是君王放在座位右边警戒自己的器皿。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孔子说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我听说君王座位右边的器皿，空着便会倾斜，倒入一半水便会端正，而灌满了水就会倾覆。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孔子回头对弟子们说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">向里面倒水吧！</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">弟子们舀水倒入其中。大家看到，水倒入一半，器皿就端正了；灌满了水，器皿就翻倒了；空着的时候，器皿就倾斜了。孔子感叹说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">唉，哪里有满了不翻倒的呢！</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;<o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><strong><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">子路问：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有什么保持满的方法吗？</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></strong><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孔子回答说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">聪明圣知，守之以愚；功被天下，守之以让；勇力抚世，守之以怯；富有四海，守之以谦。此所谓挹而损之之道也。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就是说，聪明和高深的智慧，要用愚钝的方法来保持它；功劳遍及天下，要用谦让来保持它；勇力盖世，要用胆怯来保持它；富足而拥有四海，要用节俭来保持它。这就是抑制并贬损自满的方法呀。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">专家解释说，欹器是一种平衡器，古代的君王将之置于座右，以为戒。在其特定的结构设计之下，水多导致重心升高并向一侧偏移，使其处于不稳定状态</span><font face="Times New Roman">&hellip;&hellip;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当水少的时候，整体重心较低，欹器处于稳定平衡状态（尽管由于设计的原因，此时欹器本身可能是倾斜的）；当水达到一定量的时候，重心升高，欹器接近临界平衡状态，这时的欹器</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虽动摇，乃不覆</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；水量进一步增加，欹器处于非稳定平衡状态，于是就</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">满则覆</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老子也抱有同样的观念，他说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">持而盈之，不如其已</span><font face="Times New Roman">&hellip;&hellip;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">富贵而骄，自遗其咎。功成身退，天之道。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他劝诫大家，做事期求圆满，还不如罢手不做</span><font face="Times New Roman">&hellip;&hellip;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人到了富贵的程度容易骄傲轻慢，就是自招灾祸了。事业成功后就应该退出历史舞台，这是天定的法则。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果他们需要两辆车时，他们会刻意买两辆完全一样的普通车，让人认为自己只拥有一辆车，因为他们不希望邻居认为他们在向别人炫耀财富。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">张瑞敏曾说过：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只有强，才能良性地发展大。如果没有这个强，单纯地大，大不起来。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;<o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">古代先贤对这个问题一向有着明确的认识，所以会用不同的语言来说明问题的因果，如</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">盛极而衰，盈满则亏</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">过犹不及</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">物壮则老</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等等。这些至理名言无不向我们传递着这样一个信息</span><font face="Times New Roman">&mdash;&mdash;&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">强大</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有时也就意味着已在走向死亡，特别是当自己也认为自己够强大时。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">清华紫光老总李志强说，企业常常有一种很奇怪的现象，那就是鲜有饿死的，多为撑死的。他说，做企业如做人，如果把企业的规模比做一个人的个儿，把企业的利润比做一个人的劲儿，那么健康的人应该是高大而有力的。但在成长过程中，是先长劲儿还是先长个儿？这其实并不重要，重要的是一定要健康，心态要好。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>&ldquo;</strong></font></font><font size="3"><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有最好，只有更好。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这句很多企业的口头禅，其中的味道反而容易被我们忽略。</span></strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不自满，不自欺，即使自己做得很</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">满</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，也绝不自以为满。前面我们谈到过万科一步一步地前进，多年来，业绩一直持续增长，但公司从来没有骄矜之态。即使几年前，万科成为中国房地产业的老大，万科依然不自以为满。他们总是感到自己做得并不够好，而且不断地给自己确立赶超的目标，如，学习索尼的服务，学习新鸿基的物业管理等等。近来，他们又找到了连续五十多年保持业绩增长的美国地产公司作为自己的标杆。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span><o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最重要的是，心不能满。</span></strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有人做了个比喻，即使你是最成功的，你也只是</span><font face="Times New Roman">98</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄氏度、</span><font face="Times New Roman">99</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄氏度的热水，离沸腾的</span><font face="Times New Roman">100</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄氏度永远有差距。保持这样的心境至关重要。否则，心满了，就如同水达到了</span><font face="Times New Roman">100</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摄氏度，沸腾之后就成了蒸气了，亏缺也就随之而来了。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span><o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毕竟，金无足赤，人无完人。</span></strong><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">西方发达国家中，社会基本形成了一种谦和、散淡的整体氛围，使得那些成功者和富翁不愿拿自己的财富炫耀于世，与我国的一些社会现象形成强烈的反差。在那里，无论你是打工族还是老板，是贫民还是富翁，大家都会一视同仁地看待，不会因为贫穷而瞧不起你，也不会仅仅因为富有而对你另眼相看。人们最看不起的就是那种炫耀财富的</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">暴发户</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。例如，瑞士银行家巴尔在他出版的自传中，对瑞士富人的心态做了最好的注解：如果他们需要两辆车时，他们会刻意买两辆完全一样的普通车，让人认为自己只拥有一辆车，因为他们不希望邻居认为他们在向别人炫耀财富。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们真正做到了心不满，做到了</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">富有四海，守之以谦</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的超脱境界。</span></strong><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><strong><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为安。</span></strong><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">李嘉诚的经营理念中，有</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">知止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两个字。他说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">经营企业，</span><font face="Times New Roman">&lsquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">知止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rsquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两个字最重要。我从</span><font face="Times New Roman">12</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁就开始投身社会，到</span><font face="Times New Roman">22</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁创业时就已经过了</span><font face="Times New Roman">10</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年非常艰苦的日子，到今天我已工作六十多年了。在香港我看过有些人成功得容易，但是掉下去也非常快，是什么原因呢？</span><font face="Times New Roman">&lsquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">知止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rsquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是非常重要的。全世界很多企业之所以失败，最少一半都是因为贪婪。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;<o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">香港华润集团副总经理乔世波抱有同样的认识。虽然许多商界人士都知道，总资产达一千三百多亿元的华润集团近年来在国内大举并购企业，堪称企业界的航空母舰，但是，华润管理层仍然保持着清醒的头脑。一次，我们聊起企业做大后什么是最应该关注的问题时，乔世波认为，</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是最重要的问题，可惜许多企业没有这个意识。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他说，宁高宁在华润工作时，一直强调</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业人在上</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，因为</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字的上面是</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。那么，我们进一步观察，</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字的下面是个什么字？是</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，它是企业稳固的基础，与上面的</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字组合起来，才能构成一个圆满的</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字。所以，做企业懂得</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非常重要，尤其是企业做大以后。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业</span><font face="Times New Roman">&lsquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rsquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为安。懂得了</span><font face="Times New Roman">&lsquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rsquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，也就懂得了中国传统文化的精髓</span><font face="Times New Roman">&mdash;&mdash;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中庸之道。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乔世波补充说。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">凯马特的失败，就是一个不知</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的典型案例。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">美国大型零售企业凯马特曾经声名显赫，对于零售业而言，它就相当于汽车业的福特公司，堪称业界的</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教父</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">级企业。凯马特被视为</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折扣营销模式</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的祖师爷，在上个世纪七十至八十年代位居美国零售业榜首，创造了世界最大的连锁超市和世界最大的零售企业，并且是世界上首家使用现代超市收款系统的企业。</span><font face="Times New Roman">1981</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，凯马特的店铺总数超过了</span><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">家，网点覆盖了美国</span><font face="Times New Roman">50</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个州。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就当时的经济状况而言，凯马特足够大了，水几乎已经满了。但是这时，它的管理层开始失去理智，头脑中完全没有</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的观念，错误地认为做大就是做强，只有不断地做大才能保持自己独有的强势地位。所以，它从上个世纪八十年代中期开始，不再致力于维护和发展它的核心竞争力</span><font face="Times New Roman">&mdash;&mdash;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折扣营销，而是把本应投资于新技术、新设备以及改善后勤物流体系的资金，全部用来收购书店、体育用品店、家庭用品店及办公用品店，试图通过向</span><font face="Times New Roman">8</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个不同领域的扩展使自己更加强大，成为零售领域的</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全能冠军</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><font face="Times New Roman">1984</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，它收购了家装连锁店</span><font face="Times New Roman">BuilderSquare</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><font face="Times New Roman">1989</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，它收购了</span><font face="Times New Roman">PACE</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">会员制仓储超市。</span><font face="Times New Roman">1990</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，它收购了拥有</span><font face="Times New Roman">10</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">家店铺的体育用品连锁超市</span><font face="Times New Roman">SportsAuthority</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和办公文仪零售商</span><font face="Times New Roman">OfficeMax</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><font face="Times New Roman">1992</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，它又进军欧洲，收购了捷克和斯洛伐克两国的</span><font face="Times New Roman">13</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">家店铺，以及</span><font face="Times New Roman">Borders</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图书连锁超市企业。</span><font face="Times New Roman">1994</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，它在墨西哥和新加坡建立合资零售企业。到了</span><font face="Times New Roman">1997</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，凯马特还倾力推出了所谓</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大凯马特</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;(BigKmart)</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">店模式，比传统的凯马特店更大、商品更多。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但是，折扣商店和其他商店的顾客群体不同，服务方式也不同，凯马特的竞争优势无法延伸到这些领域。结果，这些耗费大量资金和精力辛辛苦苦收购来的企业，最后都亏损，不得不忍痛</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">割肉</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，一一悉数卖掉。并且，</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大凯马特</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">店模式也令人大失所望，最终于</span><font face="Times New Roman">2001</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年弃之不用。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span><o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而在凯马特四处扩张的时候，沃尔玛已经悄悄后来居上，并取代凯马特成为美国零售业的霸主。从</span><font face="Times New Roman">2001</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年开始，凯马特试图扳回霸主地位，与沃尔玛大打价格战。但这时，凯马特已经雄风不再，一位零售业咨询师这样说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">凯马特和沃尔玛打价格战，就相当于卢森堡和美国开战。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结果，凯马特的赢利大受影响，到期的欠款无法支付，最终只能申请破产保护。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span><o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所以，大不能代表强，大也不代表安全。相反，心满了，理性丧失了，大就成了趋弱的先兆，成了危险的预警。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">华远地产一度是北京赫赫有名的房地产公司。宁高宁曾回忆起他在</span><font face="Times New Roman">1994</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第一次到华远地产时看到的情景。当时的华远还没有大厦，是在复兴门桥附近的一片平房里办公，是一个很朴素的公司。员工都骑自行车上下班，就在后院的食堂吃饭，一个部门有一间房办公。那个时候，因为公司没有多少钱，所以钱用得也很有效率。后来，香港华润与几家海外股东一起成了华远的大股东，公司想的就大了，要市场份额，要回报率，要增长前景，要少开发土地、多开发房子。不久华远就搬家了，搬进自己的新楼</span><font face="Times New Roman">&mdash;&mdash;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">华远大厦。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宁高宁谈到，几乎与搬进新楼同时，华远的境外股东在香港上市，就是华润北京置地。华远公司开始有钱了，几乎全北京都知道。合资时有了点小钱，后来上市，又发可换股，又发新股，总共集资了四十多亿元，这些钱在今天的中国房地产市场上也是大钱。人有了钱会变，公司有了钱也会变。钱的使用效率不高了，回报率一路下滑。当时的美国人董事保罗说公司有太多的钱是很危险的，不幸让他说中了，公司连续两年经营出现亏损，而且产生了许多有钱公司的老毛病：不良资产和应收款过多。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">再后来华远发生了很多事，管理者变了，股东也变了，报纸上炒得很厉害，于是有人想从中推论出一些哲理来。宁高宁说，其实也没有什么，无非就是要把一间有钱的公司当没有钱的公司来管。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当企业膨胀起来之后，管理者的心态就成为企业未来成败的关键因素了。</span></strong><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大企业常常被形容为恐龙：凶猛、强悍，让人畏惧。但是，大企业也容易像恐龙一样，对外界反应迟钝，行动笨拙不堪。考古学界对恐龙的灭绝有多种解释，其中一种解释是：恐龙之所以灭绝，是因为其神经系统相当简陋，大脑发出一个行走的指令，这个指令需要两分半钟才能传达到它的足部，而足部的一个感觉反射到大脑，也需要同样的时间。对环境反应迟钝，也是被形容为恐龙的大企业常见的病态。因为不只是机构庞大造成信息传递时间长，最主要的是，大企业有太多成功的经验、固有的偏见以及非理性的浮躁，使得心满了，对外界不断变化的新鲜信息接受起来会比较困难。这样，对环境的判断和趋势的把握就会迟钝和不真实。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">韦尔奇曾对</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大企业病</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有过生动的描述。他说，染上</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大企业病</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的企业，就像一个穿上了很多层毛衣的人，不但体态臃肿，行为愚钝，而且感受不到市场的温度变化。韦尔奇的比喻十分形象生动。可是，我们经常见到的情况是：即使这样，许多大企业还是试图套上更多层的毛衣，为了使自己显得更大。在局外人看来，这样的行为几乎超出了理性的范围，但似乎已经无法自控。为什么？因为企业的决策者不知道</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">止</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，只知道</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。他们的心满了。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">做大，会带来许多难以解决的问题，但只要是问题，就有解决的可能。可是，如果在经营过程中，心做大了，做满了，问题的解决就难上加难。所以，比尔</span><font face="Times New Roman">&middot;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">盖茨说，对于成功的企业和企业家来说，其事业最大的威胁不是来自竞争对手，而是来自于他们自身。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="ZH-CN"> </span><o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">春秋时期，帮助楚庄王建立霸业的楚相孙叔敖的一段经历，对我们很有参照意味。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">楚王知道孙叔敖贤德，就任他为相，孙的亲朋好友以及朝廷的大臣都来向他祝贺。随后，来了一个穿着粗布衣裳的老者，头上戴着白帽子，好像是来吊唁孙叔敖。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孙叔敖见了，赶紧整理衣冠，很恭敬地出来见老者，问：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">别人都是来向我祝贺的，只有您是来吊唁我的，有什么说法吗？</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老者说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">身份已经很高贵并且骄矜傲慢的人，百姓一定离他远去；地位做到很高却乱用权力的人，国君一定厌恶他；俸禄已经很丰厚还不知道满足的人，他就随时处在危险中了。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;<o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孙叔敖再向老者叩拜说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我一定听从您的教诲，希望您进一步补充。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;<o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老者说：</span><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地位做得越高，对人的态度越要谦和；官做得越大，待人之心越要恭敬；俸禄已经丰厚，就要把持自己不去获取不义之财。坚守这三点，就可以治理楚国了。</span><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;<o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">楚国老者告诉我们这样一个保全的途径：做大做高以后，心要收敛、要谦卑。所以，心不能满。</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size="3"><strong><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></strong><strong><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果水满了，你会怎么办？</span></strong></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<subject></subject>
<author>pekingaoyun</author>
<category></category>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 11:04:34 CST </pubDate>
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