<![CDATA[上海翻译家　52928088 ]]> 2011-12-26T19-48-57 CST bokee.net Copyright (c) 2005, shfyj 汽车　机动车　交通规则　环境保护　绿色环保　排放标准　中日对照　中文翻译日文 2011-12-26T19-48-57 CST 2011-12-26T19-48-57 CST 2011-12-26T19-48-55Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9726497 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html 翻译成果 需要指出的是：
　　1、鉴于对新技术给予足够的市场培育期、使技术趋于成熟是目前国际通用做法，为避免因不合理的技术要求限制电动汽车技术的发展，修订后的 GB7258 仅明确了电动汽车的概念，未针对电动汽车制定特殊的具体要求。新车注册登记和在用车定期检验时电动汽车的特殊项目可暂时免于检验，但新生产的电动汽车应符合现行有效的相关标准和规定的要求。
　　2、为满足人民群众不断提高生活质量的要求，修订后的 GB7258 允许乘用车拖挂挂车，但未提出针对性的具体技术要求。为保证乘用车列车的运行安全，国家相关部门应尽快制定乘用车拖挂挂车的相关技术标准和管理规定。
　　3、鉴于目前我国机动车排气污染物排放控制和噪声控制的标准体系仍在不断完善之中，且国家环保部门正在制定在用车排气污染物排放的系列标准，修订后的 GB7258仅定性地规定"机动车排气污染物排放应符合相关标准的规定"和"机动车车外噪声应符合相关标准的规定"，未直接引用相关标准的名称及年号，机动车生产厂家、管理和使用部门应按照规定执行相关标准。
　　4、修订后的 GB7258 未对轮式专用机械车的外廓尺寸、制动性能、前照灯发光强度和照射位置等作出规定，轮式专用机械车的生产厂家、管理和使用部门应按照规定执行相关标准。
　　5、鉴于外型和结构的特殊性，叉车不适于作为一种机动车在道路上行驶和使用，修订后的GB7258 明确 GB7258 不适用于叉车。叉车的技术要求应符合相关标准的规定。
 
指摘する必要があるのは、
　　1、現在国際的に通用しているやり方として、技術の成熟化のために新技術に充分な市場育成期間を与えることから、不合理的な技術要求事項により電気自動車技術の発展が制限されないよう、改定 GB7258では電気自動車の概念だけを明確にしており、電気自動車に対する特殊な具体的要求事項を制定していない。新車登録登記と使用中車両定期点検時に、電気自動車の特殊項目は一時的に免れるが、新規製造の電気自動車は現行の有効な関連規格及び所定の要求事項に合致することとする。
　　2、人民群衆の生活の質向上を満たすよう、改定GB7258 ではトレーラー付き乗用車が認められているが、即応的な具体的技術要求事項がない。乗用車連結車の運行安全を保障するため、国の関連部門はトレーラー付き乗用車の該当技術規格と管理規定を早期制定することとする。
　　3、現時点、わが国の動力駆動車排気ガス汚染物排出制御及び騒音制御に関する規格体系が整備されており、また、国の環境保全部門には使用中車両の排気ガス汚染物排出の一連の規格を制定していることから、改定 GB7258では単に「動力駆動車の排気ガス汚染物の排出では関連規格の規定に合致する」及び「動力駆動車の車外騒音は関連規格の規定に合致する」と定性的に定めるだけで、関連規格の名称と年号をそのまま引用していない。動力駆動車メーカーや管理・使用部門は規定に従い関連規格を実施することとする。
　　4、改定 GB7258ではタイヤ式専用機械車の外形寸法やブレーキ性能、前照灯発光強度と照射位置等について定めていないが、タイヤ式専用機械車メーカーや管理・使用部門は規定に従い関連規格を実施することとする。
　　5、外形と構造上の特殊性から、フォークリフトは動力駆動車として道路上で走行したり、使用したりするのに適しない。改定GB7258ではGB7258がフォークリフトに適用しないことを明確にした。フォークリフトに関する技術要求事項は関連規格の規定に合致することとする。
]]> 车辆管理　交通规则　司机责任　交通安全　中日对照　中文翻译日文 2011-12-26T19-39-44 CST 2011-12-26T19-39-44 CST 2011-12-26T19-42-06Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9726464 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html Default Cloumn
5烧伤伤员口渴时，可喝少量的淡盐水。  5やけどをした負傷者は、のどが渇いた時、少量の淡塩水を飲むことができます。 
6抢救有害气体中毒伤员时，首先应迅速送到有新鲜空气的地方，以防止继续中毒。  6有害ガス中毒負傷者に対し、応急手当をする時、まず、速やかに新鮮空気があ ったところに移動して、引き続きの中毒を防止するものとします。 
7移动脊柱骨折的伤员，切勿扶持伤者走动，可用软担架运送。  7脊柱骨折の負傷者を移動する時、負傷者を扶助して移動させないこと。ソフト 担架で運送することができます。
8伤员骨折处出血时，应先固定，然后止血和包扎伤口。  8負傷者の骨折箇所に出血の時、まず固定してから、止血と傷口を縛るものとし ます。
9伤员大腿、小腿和脊椎骨折时，一般应就地固定，不要随便移动伤者。  9負傷者の太もも、脚と脊椎の骨折時、普通、その場で固定して、いいかげんに 負傷者を移動してはいけません。
　 　
10骨折伤员固定伤处力求稳妥牢固，要固定骨折的两端和上下两个关节。  10骨折負傷者の傷固定箇所は、安全且つ堅固を求め、骨折の両側と上下二つ関節 を固定するものとします。
11伤员上肢骨折固定时，肢体要伸直捆绑。  11負傷者の上肢骨折の固定時間に、四肢は、まっすぐ伸ばして縛るものとします。
12伤员下肢骨折固定时，肢体要弯着呈屈肘状伸直捆绑。  12負傷者の下肢骨折の固定時間に、四肢は、曲がって且つ肘曲げ状を呈して、ま っすぐ伸ばして縛るものとします。
13伤员四肢骨折有骨外露时，要及时还纳并固定。  13負傷者の四肢骨折に骨の露出があった時、適時に復旧且つ固定するものとしま す。
14把骨折伤员抬上担架时，要由 2 名救护人员把手托放在伤员身下，一起将伤员 抬上担架。 14骨折負傷者を担架にもたげる時、2 名救護人員は、手を負傷者の体の下に当て て、一緒に負傷者を担架にもたげるものとします。
15骨折伤员脊柱可能受损时，不要改变伤员姿势。  15骨折負傷者の脊柱は、欠損の可能性がある時、負傷者の姿勢を変えてはいけま せん。
16如遇伤员无呼吸时，应立刻对伤员进行口对口人工呼吸。  16負傷者の無呼吸にあった時、すぐ負傷者に対し、口対口の人工呼吸を行なうも のとします。
17在紧急情况下急救伤员时，须先用压迫法止血，然后再根据出血情况改用其他 止血法。 17緊急状況下、負傷者を救助する時、まず圧迫法で止血をしてから、出血の状況 により、その他の止血法を変化しなければなりません。
18用止血带为伤员止血，一定要扎紧，如果扎得不紧，深部动脉仍有血液流出。  18止血バンドで負傷者に止血をする時、必ずしっかり縛ること。緩めて縛った場 合、深部の動脈は、依然として血液の流出があります。
19伤员前臂或小腿出血，可在腋窝或肘窝加垫屈肢固定。  19負傷者の前腕または脚に出血があった場合、脇の下または肘窩でマット敷き屈 肢を通じて固定することができます。
20为伤员用绷带包扎打结时，不要在伤口上方，也不要在身体背后，以免睡觉时 压住不舒服。 20負傷者に包帯で縛って結び目作りの時、寝る時の押さえ止めで、快適感を感じ ないことを避けるために、傷口の上に作ってはいけないし、また体の背後に作 ってはいけません。
21在没有绷带急救伤员的情况下，可用毛巾、手帕、床单、长筒尼龙袜子等代替 绷带包扎。 21包帯が無いで負傷者を救急する状況下、タオル、ハンカチ、シーツ、ストッキング等で包帯の代わりに傷口を巻くことができます。

]]> 英文翻译　中文翻译　长句翻译　长句处理　长句翻译技巧　翻译探讨　疑难句处理 2011-12-16T11-21-23 CST 2011-12-16T11-21-23 CST 2011-12-16T11-21-22Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9592121 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html Default Cloumn  
     “Inventions” collectively means any and all ideas, concepts, inventions, discoveries, developments, prototypes, software, content, textual or artistic works, know-how, structures, designs, formulas, algorithms, methods, products, processes, systems and technologies in any stage of development as well as all patents, patents pending, copyrights, moral rights, trademarks, trade secrets and any other intellectual property rights therein and any and all improvements, modifications, derivative works from, other rights in and claims related to any of the foregoing under the laws of any jurisdiction which are conceived, created, developed or reduced to practice by the Employee alone or with others (i) in performing the Employee’s normal duties and responsibilities or in performing tasks the Company assigns to the Employee outside the Employee’s normal duties and responsibilities during the period of the Employee’s employment with the Company and during the period of one year thereafter and/or (ii) by using the Company’s material or technical resources during the period of the Employee’s employment with the Company. “各种发明”这个总称系指该雇员单独或与他人，(i) 在该雇员在公司任职期间及在这期间之后的一年里，履行该雇员的正常职责和责任过程中，或者在履行本公司分配该雇员正常职责和责任之外的任务过程中和/或 (ii) 在该雇员在公司任职期间，使用公司的材料或技术资源的过程中，构思、创造、开发或转化成实际的任何及所有的主意、概念、发明、发现、开发、原型、软件、内容、文字或艺术作品、技术诀窍、结构、设计、配方、算法、方法、产品、工艺、在开发的任何阶段的系统和技术，以及在上述各项所包含的全部专利、正在申请的专利、版权、道义权利、商标、商业秘密、以及任何知识产权，和任何及所有改进、修改、从中的衍生作品、根据任何司法管辖区的法律上述各项所包含的其它权利及相关要求。
       
]]> 合同履行　协议签订　契约解除　英译中样品　英文翻译成中文 2011-12-06T19-05-57 CST 2011-12-06T19-05-57 CST 2011-12-06T19-05-56Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9470316 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html 翻译成果 四、不可抗力
 
由于人力不能预见，无法避免并不可克服的客观情况下，致使一方不能履行本协议中规定的责任时，该方可免除承担违约责任。但是该方必须在不可抗力情况出现时，及时电告对方，并在15天内向对方出具有关官方机构的不可抗力证明和请求延期履行或部分履行或不能履行的申请书。对方在收到该证明和申请书后，根据不可抗力的轻重程度，准予其延期履行或部分履行或不能履行。
4.    Force Majeure
 
Should either of the parties be prevented from fulfilling the duties and responsibilities specified in this Agreement because of the objective circumstances which the human can be unforeseen, unavoidable or insurmountable, the prevented Party may be exempted from liabilities for breach of Contract. However, the prevented party must, in case of force majeure, promptly telephone the other party, and shall, within fifteen days thereafter, provide a certificate of force majeure issued by the relevant authorities together with an application for delay of the execution, full or partial, or termination of the execution. Upon receipt of the certificate and the application, the other party may approve full or partial delay of the execution, or termination of the execution.
 
五、期限与终止
 
本协议自签订之日起生效，有效期为 ？ 年。任何一方均不得提前终止本协议。如甲方提前终止本协议，应一次性支付乙方违约金人民币900万元。
5.  Term and Termination
 
This Agreement shall take effect from the date of signing, valid for？years. Neither party shall terminate this Agreement in advance. Party A, in case of early termination hereof, shall pay Party B a mount of RMB 9 million yuan as breach of contract damages in lump- sum.
 
 
六、通知
 
所有通知、同意、批准、命令、接受和请求都应以书面形式作出并且发送到各方的以下地址。通知、同意和批准手续应于手递或使用电传、传真及其他电讯方式发送后方有效（每次的接受都应予以确认）或使用费用已付、通讯地址正确的挂号信或专递信进行有效发送。一方可通过通知另一方而改变其之后的通讯地址。
6.    Notification   
 
Notices, consents, approvals, orders, acceptances and requests shall all be made in written form and sent to the parties at the following addresses. Notices, consents and approvals shall be hand-delivered or by telex, fax or other telecommunications means, which become valid after delivery (each receipt shall have a confirmation); or by cost-paid registered mail or courier with correct address for effective delivery. Any party can change its address through a notice to the other party.
]]> 数据保存　数据传输　电缆连接　PUC更换　CPU升级　通信参数　中译英　英语翻译　IT翻译　数据库管理　微软技术　客户关系　系统平台 2011-12-06T19-00-21 CST 2011-12-06T19-00-21 CST 2011-12-06T19-00-20Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9470299 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html 翻译成果
Clear method
The PCU is using the data that was saved before the restore. Execute restore again, or transfer and save the data again. Only transferring and saving data can be performed until this error is cleared.
Download the setting file again.
The cable connection may be bad. Reconnect or replace the cable. Once the cables are connected correctly, reset the error.
Transfer and save the data again. Only transferring and saving data can be performed until this error is cleared. If this error occurs again, replace the PCU. If this error occurs when you turn ON the power supply, all parameters and data in the PCU are reset to their default setting. If this error occurs, the PCU decelerates all axes to a stop.
Clear the error log of the PCU, and then cycle the power supply or restart the PCU.

清除方式
PCU正在使用在恢复之前保存的数据。重新执行恢复，或重新传输和保存数据。在清除错误之前，只可执行正在传输和保存的数据。
重新下载设置文件。
电缆连接可能有问题。重新连接或更换电缆。
正确连接电缆后，将错误复位。
重新传输和保存数据。在清除错误之前，只可执行正在传输和保存的数据。
如果这个错误再次发生，则更换PCU。
如果这个错误在接通电源时发生，则PCU中的所有参数和数据都复位为默认设置。
如果这个错误发生，则PCU会将所有轴减速直至停止。
清除PCU错误日志，然后关开电源或重启PCU。
关开电源或重启PCU。如果这个错误再次发生，则更换PCU。
关开电源或重启PCU。如果这个错误再次发生，则更换PCU。
• 重新传输和保存数据。在清除错误之前，只可执行正在传输和保存的数据。如果这个错误再次发生，则更换PCU。
• 如果这个错误在接通电源时发生，则PCU中的所有通信参数设置均会丢失。

 

]]> 中译英　英语翻译　IT翻译　数据库管理　微软技术　客户关系　系统平台 2011-12-06T18-54-44 CST 2011-12-06T18-54-44 CST 2011-12-06T18-54-43Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9470262 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html 翻译成果
客户关系管理（Customer relationship management 或简称 CRM），是一个企业在公司层面实施的业务战略，其目的是为了通过改善客户相关业务活动的效率，巩固客户满意度，提高客户忠诚度，发掘客户的潜在价值以减少企业运作成本，提高企业的盈利能力。
本文结合一家著名的证券研究咨询公司的实际业务需求，利用微软ASP.NET技术和MS-SQL Server数据库，采用目前成熟的多层架构模式，设计和实现了一个CRM系统。
首先介绍了系统的项目背景，客户关系管理的基本概念以及不同类型的CRM系统，并概括了CRM系统对于企业的意义。
然后分别介绍了各个子系统的业务需求。在系统的设计部分结合具体的代码示例，分别介绍了多层架构在系统设计中的应用，接下来分别介绍了系统不同模块的设计，包括数据库设计，画面，以及若干设计要点。
接下来以两个关键页面为例，介绍了系统主要的实现方法。
最后简略介绍了系统的使用情况和改进方向。
该CRM系统采用微软的.Net平台，使用BS架构，简化了客户端的开发和配置，降低了系统的维护成本。在系统实现上，系统采取了以数据库为核心的思路，从画面呈现，到权限控制，乃至大量的业务逻辑，都通过借助于SQL Server数据库系统来实现。
 Customer Relationship Management (Customer relationship management or simply CRM), is an enterprise level implementation of the company's business strategy, which aims to improve customer-related business activities by the efficiency, enhance customer satisfaction, increase customer loyalty, identify customers’ potential value in order to reduce business operating costs and improve corporate profitability.
In this paper we will design and implement a CRM system according to the business requirements of a leading securities research and consulting company, using the Microsoft ASP.NET technology and MS-SQL Server database, adopting the current three tier framework.
The paper introduces the background of the system , the basic concepts of customer relationship management and the different kinds of CRM systems and the significance of the CRM system for an enterprise .
Then we will study the business requirement of the various part int the system. In the next part the paper will explain how to implement the multi-tier framework in the design phase .It also talks about the the system design of different modules , including database design, UI, and some of the key function.
And next the paper introduces the major system implementation process using two of the typical pages as samples.
At last ,the papaer introduce the usage of the system and the probably future enhancment.
The CRM system is developed based on the Microsoft's. Net platform, using the B/S architecture.This helps to simplify the development and deployment , reducing system maintenance costs.
]]> 英文翻译　中文翻译　中译英　城市规划　旅游名胜　历史名胜　古迹保护　城市建设　人文景观　　 2011-12-06T18-50-46 CST 2011-12-06T18-50-46 CST 2011-12-06T18-50-45Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9470226 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html 翻译成果 上海概况
上海全市面积6340.5平方公里。境内辖有崇明、长兴、横沙三个岛屿，其中崇明岛是我国的第三大岛。
上海地区湖河众多，水网密布，水资源丰富，境内水域面积697平方公里。上海河网大多属黄浦江水系，主要有黄浦江及其支流苏州河、川杨河、淀浦河等。湖泊集中在与江、浙交界的西部洼地，最大湖泊为淀山湖，面积为62平方公里。
境内除西南部有少数丘陵山脉外，全为坦荡低平的平原，平均海拔高度为4米左右。陆地地势总体呈现由东向西倾斜。大金山为上海境内最高点，海拔高度103.4米。
上海属北亚热带季风气候，四季分明，日照充足，雨量充沛。上海气候温和湿润，年平均气温16°C，春秋较短，冬夏较长。全年50%左右的雨量集中在5至9月的汛期，汛期有春雨、梅雨、秋雨三个雨期。
上海共有16个区、1个县。2010年末，上海常住人口约2300万。
Shanghai Overview
Shanghai covers a total land area of 6340.5 square kilometers, with three islands of Chongming, Changsha and Hengsha under its jurisdiction. Among them, Chongming Island is the third biggest island in our country. Shanghai’s net
In Shanghai area, there are lot of streams and lakes, in dense network of waterways, covering an area of 697 square kilometers, with rich water resources. Most of Shanghai’s networks of waterways belong to Huangpu River System, which mainly includes Huangpu River and its branches -- Suzhou Creek, Chuanyang River, Dingpu River, etc. In the city, lakes are concentrated in the western marsh land bordering on Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, and among them, the Dingshan Lake is the largest one, with an area of 62 square kilometers.
Apart from a few hills in the southwest, the entire territory of the city is flat plain with an average altitude of 4 meters above sea level. The general topography of its land is sloping from east to west. Dajinshan Hill is the peak of Shanghai, 103.4 meters in elevation.
With a North-Asian subtropical monsoon climate, Shanghai has four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Its climate is mild and humid, and its average annual temperature of the city hovers at around 16°C. There spring and autumn are relatively short while winter and summer relatively long. About 50% of annual rainfall concentrates in the flood season from May to September, including three rain periods, namely spring-rain period, plum-rain period and autumn-rain period. 
 
松江新城
松江新城定位为长三角地区重要的节点城市之一，上海市西南部重要的门户枢纽，体现上海郊区综合实力与水平、具有上海历史文化底蕴和自然山水特色的现代化宜居新城。
Songjiang New Town
Songjiang New Town is localized as one of the important node cities in the Yangtze River Delta, also the vital gateway hub in the southwest Shanghai. Besides, this new town reflects the overall strength and level of Shanghai suburbs, and possesses the historical and cultural connotations of Shanghai – it is a modern livable town with natural landscape features
 
 
嘉定新城
嘉定新城定位为长三角的重要节点城市，上海市最重要的汽车产业基地之一；上海郊区发展战略的重点示范新城；是以历史文化、汽车文化、体育文化品牌为特色，以先进制造业和现代服务业为主导，具有人文魅力、持续创新力、高科技水准和综合辐射功能，国际化和地域化特色相结合的生态宜居现代化新城。
Jiading New Town
Jiading New Town is positioned as one of one of the important node cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and also one of the most significant automobile industry bases in Shanghai. In addition, this town is a key model town for Shanghai suburban development strategy, with characteristics of history, culture, car culture, and sports culture brands. The town is based on advanced manufacturing and modern services industries, with cultural charming, continuous innovation, hi-tech level and comprehensive radiation functions, and become a modern and ecological livable town in combination of internationalization and localization features.
 
 
浦东新区惠南民乐路大型居住社区
规划提出“半山桃花半片城”的理念，以惠南传统“桃花文化”为特色，以桃花村为生态“绿核”，通过人文、生态和建设环境的良好塑造，增强居民的社区认同感；采用适当的混合居住模式，减少社会隔离，促进社会和谐；结合轨道交通站点，完善公共交通系统和公共服务设施；与镇区发展统筹协调，满足社区居民的就业需要，均衡导入多类型、多层级产业，完全融入地方发展。
A Large Residential Community around Huinan Minle Road, Pudong New District
According to the concept “Peach blossoming in half of the community” raised in the Program, this large residential community has taken Peach Village as “Green core”, featuring the traditional “Peach culture” of Huinan locality, to enhance the residents’ community identity through the well creation of cultural, ecological and constructed environment; adopted appropriately mixed housing patterns, to reduce social isolation and promote social harmony; improved the public transportation system and public service facilities in combination with rail transport stations; and evenly introduced multi-type, multi-level industries, and integrated them into local development, to meet the employment needs of community residents, by coordinating with the township development.
]]> 古迹保护　人文景观　历史名胜　　英文翻译　中文翻译　中译英　城市规划　旅游名胜 2011-12-06T18-47-47 CST 2011-12-06T18-47-47 CST 2011-12-06T20-59-04Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9470211 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html 翻译成果 上海的地理区位
上海位于北纬31度14分，东经121度29，地处太平洋西岸，亚洲大陆东沿，长江三角洲前缘，东濒东海，南临杭州湾，西接江苏、浙江两省，北界长江入海口，长江与东海在此连接。上海正当我国南北弧形海岸线中部，交通便利，腹地广阔，地理位置优越，是一个良好的江海港口。面向海洋、联接内陆的区位优势造就了这座城市海纳百川、交汇中西的独特气质。
Shanghai’s Geographical Location
Shanghai is situated on the west coast of the Pacific, east along Asian continent, at the east tip of Yangtze River Delta, exactly at 31°12’north latitude and 121°29’ east longitude. It borders on the East China Sea to the east, Hangzhou Bay to the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, the estuary of Yangtze River, where the river is merged into the East China Sea. In the middle of the north-south arc coastline of China, with this advantageous geographical location, Shanghai is a good river-sea harbor with convenient transportation and a vast hinterland, and acts as link between China’s inland and the outside world, comfortable with both eastern and western cultures.
 
上海概况
上海全市面积6340.5平方公里。境内辖有崇明、长兴、横沙三个岛屿，其中崇明岛是我国的第三大岛。
上海地区湖河众多，水网密布，水资源丰富，境内水域面积697平方公里。上海河网大多属黄浦江水系，主要有黄浦江及其支流苏州河、川杨河、淀浦河等。湖泊集中在与江、浙交界的西部洼地，最大湖泊为淀山湖，面积为62平方公里。
境内除西南部有少数丘陵山脉外，全为坦荡低平的平原，平均海拔高度为4米左右。陆地地势总体呈现由东向西倾斜。大金山为上海境内最高点，海拔高度103.4米。
上海属北亚热带季风气候，四季分明，日照充足，雨量充沛。上海气候温和湿润，年平均气温16°C，春秋较短，冬夏较长。全年50%左右的雨量集中在5至9月的汛期，汛期有春雨、梅雨、秋雨三个雨期。
上海共有16个区、1个县。2010年末，上海常住人口约2300万。
Shanghai Overview
Shanghai covers a total land area of 6340.5 square kilometers, with three islands of Chongming, Changsha and Hengsha under its jurisdiction. Among them, Chongming Island is the third biggest island in our country. Shanghai’s net
In Shanghai area, there are lot of streams and lakes, in dense network of waterways, covering an area of 697 square kilometers, with rich water resources. Most of Shanghai’s networks of waterways belong to Huangpu River System, which mainly includes Huangpu River and its branches -- Suzhou Creek, Chuanyang River, Dingpu River, etc. In the city, lakes are concentrated in the western marsh land bordering on Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, and among them, the Dingshan Lake is the largest one, with an area of 62 square kilometers.
Apart from a few hills in the southwest, the entire territory of the city is flat plain with an average altitude of 4 meters above sea level. The general topography of its land is sloping from east to west. Dajinshan Hill is the peak of Shanghai, 103.4 meters in elevation.
With a North-Asian subtropical monsoon climate, Shanghai has four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Its climate is mild and humid, and its average annual temperature of the city hovers at around 16°C. There spring and autumn are relatively short while winter and summer relatively long. About 50% of annual rainfall concentrates in the flood season from May to September, including three rain periods, namely spring-rain period, plum-rain period and autumn-rain period. 
 
 
上海历史沿革
1267年，在上海浦西岸设置市镇，定名为上海镇。1292年，设立上海县，标志着上海建城之始。16世纪上海成为全国棉纺织手工业的中心。1685年清政府在上海设立海关。19世纪中叶，上海已成为商贾云集的繁华港口。鸦片战争以后，上海被开辟为“通商”口岸。
1949年5月27日，上海解放，揭开了上海发展新的历史篇章。1978年以来，上海改革开放力度不断加大，特别是20世纪90年代以来，上海进一步解放思想，与时俱进，走出了一条具有中国特色、时代特征、上海特点的发展新路，使上海经济和社会发展的各个领域发生了历史性的巨大变革，成为我国最大的经济中心城市，并正向建成国际经济、金融、贸易和航运中心之一的目标迈进。上海还是国家历史文化名城。
Shanghai History
As early as 1267, a little town was set up on the west bank of Huangpu River, known as “Shanghai Town”. In 1292, Shanghai County was formed, marking the beginning of the city. By the 16th century, Shanghai became the center of cotton textile and handicraft industries in the country. In 1685, the Qing government established Shanghai Customs there. In the mid-19th century, the city grew to be a flourishing harbor, swarming with merchants coming for trade. After the Opium War, Shanghai was opened up as a “Trade Port”.
On May 27, 1949, the liberation of Shanghai turned a new chapter in the history of Shanghai development. Since 1978, the city has stepped up its reform and opening up, especially since 1990s, the city has further emancipated its mind and kept pace with the times, to break a new path for growth with Chinese characteristics, epoch hallmark and Shanghai features, so that historical and tremendous changes have taken in all the fields of the Shanghai’s economic and social development, thus becoming the largest economic center city in China, and marching towards the goal of building the city into one of the international economic, financial, trade and shipping centers. Besides, Shanghai is a famous historical and cultural city of the country.
 
 
松江新城
松江新城定位为长三角地区重要的节点城市之一，上海市西南部重要的门户枢纽，体现上海郊区综合实力与水平、具有上海历史文化底蕴和自然山水特色的现代化宜居新城。
Songjiang New Town
Songjiang New Town is localized as one of the important node cities in the Yangtze River Delta, also the vital gateway hub in the southwest Shanghai. Besides, this new town reflects the overall strength and level of Shanghai suburbs, and possesses the historical and cultural connotations of Shanghai – it is a modern livable town with natural landscape features
 
 
嘉定新城
嘉定新城定位为长三角的重要节点城市，上海市最重要的汽车产业基地之一；上海郊区发展战略的重点示范新城；是以历史文化、汽车文化、体育文化品牌为特色，以先进制造业和现代服务业为主导，具有人文魅力、持续创新力、高科技水准和综合辐射功能，国际化和地域化特色相结合的生态宜居现代化新城。
Jiading New Town
Jiading New Town is positioned as one of one of the important node cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and also one of the most significant automobile industry bases in Shanghai. In addition, this town is a key model town for Shanghai suburban development strategy, with characteristics of history, culture, car culture, and sports culture brands. The town is based on advanced manufacturing and modern services industries, with cultural charming, continuous innovation, hi-tech level and comprehensive radiation functions, and become a modern and ecological livable town in combination of internationalization and localization features.
 
 
浦东新区惠南民乐路大型居住社区
规划提出“半山桃花半片城”的理念，以惠南传统“桃花文化”为特色，以桃花村为生态“绿核”，通过人文、生态和建设环境的良好塑造，增强居民的社区认同感；采用适当的混合居住模式，减少社会隔离，促进社会和谐；结合轨道交通站点，完善公共交通系统和公共服务设施；与镇区发展统筹协调，满足社区居民的就业需要，均衡导入多类型、多层级产业，完全融入地方发展。
A Large Residential Community around Huinan Minle Road, Pudong New District
According to the concept “Peach blossoming in half of the community” raised in the Program, this large residential community has taken Peach Village as “Green core”, featuring the traditional “Peach culture” of Huinan locality, to enhance the residents’ community identity through the well creation of cultural, ecological and constructed environment; adopted appropriately mixed housing patterns, to reduce social isolation and promote social harmony; improved the public transportation system and public service facilities in combination with rail transport stations; and evenly introduced multi-type, multi-level industries, and integrated them into local development, to meet the employment needs of community residents, by coordinating with the township development.
]]> 地理历史　人文景观　历史名胜　古迹保护　　英文翻译　中文翻译　中译英　城市规划　旅游名胜 2011-12-06T18-46-36 CST 2011-12-06T18-46-36 CST 2011-12-06T20-59-03Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9470206 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html 翻译成果 上海的地理区位
上海位于北纬31度14分，东经121度29，地处太平洋西岸，亚洲大陆东沿，长江三角洲前缘，东濒东海，南临杭州湾，西接江苏、浙江两省，北界长江入海口，长江与东海在此连接。上海正当我国南北弧形海岸线中部，交通便利，腹地广阔，地理位置优越，是一个良好的江海港口。面向海洋、联接内陆的区位优势造就了这座城市海纳百川、交汇中西的独特气质。
Shanghai’s Geographical Location
Shanghai is situated on the west coast of the Pacific, east along Asian continent, at the east tip of Yangtze River Delta, exactly at 31°12’north latitude and 121°29’ east longitude. It borders on the East China Sea to the east, Hangzhou Bay to the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, the estuary of Yangtze River, where the river is merged into the East China Sea. In the middle of the north-south arc coastline of China, with this advantageous geographical location, Shanghai is a good river-sea harbor with convenient transportation and a vast hinterland, and acts as link between China’s inland and the outside world, comfortable with both eastern and western cultures.
 
上海概况
上海全市面积6340.5平方公里。境内辖有崇明、长兴、横沙三个岛屿，其中崇明岛是我国的第三大岛。
上海地区湖河众多，水网密布，水资源丰富，境内水域面积697平方公里。上海河网大多属黄浦江水系，主要有黄浦江及其支流苏州河、川杨河、淀浦河等。湖泊集中在与江、浙交界的西部洼地，最大湖泊为淀山湖，面积为62平方公里。
境内除西南部有少数丘陵山脉外，全为坦荡低平的平原，平均海拔高度为4米左右。陆地地势总体呈现由东向西倾斜。大金山为上海境内最高点，海拔高度103.4米。
上海属北亚热带季风气候，四季分明，日照充足，雨量充沛。上海气候温和湿润，年平均气温16°C，春秋较短，冬夏较长。全年50%左右的雨量集中在5至9月的汛期，汛期有春雨、梅雨、秋雨三个雨期。
上海共有16个区、1个县。2010年末，上海常住人口约2300万。
Shanghai Overview
Shanghai covers a total land area of 6340.5 square kilometers, with three islands of Chongming, Changsha and Hengsha under its jurisdiction. Among them, Chongming Island is the third biggest island in our country. Shanghai’s net
In Shanghai area, there are lot of streams and lakes, in dense network of waterways, covering an area of 697 square kilometers, with rich water resources. Most of Shanghai’s networks of waterways belong to Huangpu River System, which mainly includes Huangpu River and its branches -- Suzhou Creek, Chuanyang River, Dingpu River, etc. In the city, lakes are concentrated in the western marsh land bordering on Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, and among them, the Dingshan Lake is the largest one, with an area of 62 square kilometers.
Apart from a few hills in the southwest, the entire territory of the city is flat plain with an average altitude of 4 meters above sea level. The general topography of its land is sloping from east to west. Dajinshan Hill is the peak of Shanghai, 103.4 meters in elevation.
With a North-Asian subtropical monsoon climate, Shanghai has four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Its climate is mild and humid, and its average annual temperature of the city hovers at around 16°C. There spring and autumn are relatively short while winter and summer relatively long. About 50% of annual rainfall concentrates in the flood season from May to September, including three rain periods, namely spring-rain period, plum-rain period and autumn-rain period. 
 
 
上海历史沿革
1267年，在上海浦西岸设置市镇，定名为上海镇。1292年，设立上海县，标志着上海建城之始。16世纪上海成为全国棉纺织手工业的中心。1685年清政府在上海设立海关。19世纪中叶，上海已成为商贾云集的繁华港口。鸦片战争以后，上海被开辟为“通商”口岸。
1949年5月27日，上海解放，揭开了上海发展新的历史篇章。1978年以来，上海改革开放力度不断加大，特别是20世纪90年代以来，上海进一步解放思想，与时俱进，走出了一条具有中国特色、时代特征、上海特点的发展新路，使上海经济和社会发展的各个领域发生了历史性的巨大变革，成为我国最大的经济中心城市，并正向建成国际经济、金融、贸易和航运中心之一的目标迈进。上海还是国家历史文化名城。
Shanghai History
As early as 1267, a little town was set up on the west bank of Huangpu River, known as “Shanghai Town”. In 1292, Shanghai County was formed, marking the beginning of the city. By the 16th century, Shanghai became the center of cotton textile and handicraft industries in the country. In 1685, the Qing government established Shanghai Customs there. In the mid-19th century, the city grew to be a flourishing harbor, swarming with merchants coming for trade. After the Opium War, Shanghai was opened up as a “Trade Port”.
On May 27, 1949, the liberation of Shanghai turned a new chapter in the history of Shanghai development. Since 1978, the city has stepped up its reform and opening up, especially since 1990s, the city has further emancipated its mind and kept pace with the times, to break a new path for growth with Chinese characteristics, epoch hallmark and Shanghai features, so that historical and tremendous changes have taken in all the fields of the Shanghai’s economic and social development, thus becoming the largest economic center city in China, and marching towards the goal of building the city into one of the international economic, financial, trade and shipping centers. Besides, Shanghai is a famous historical and cultural city of the country.
 
 
松江新城
松江新城定位为长三角地区重要的节点城市之一，上海市西南部重要的门户枢纽，体现上海郊区综合实力与水平、具有上海历史文化底蕴和自然山水特色的现代化宜居新城。
Songjiang New Town
Songjiang New Town is localized as one of the important node cities in the Yangtze River Delta, also the vital gateway hub in the southwest Shanghai. Besides, this new town reflects the overall strength and level of Shanghai suburbs, and possesses the historical and cultural connotations of Shanghai – it is a modern livable town with natural landscape features
 
 
嘉定新城
嘉定新城定位为长三角的重要节点城市，上海市最重要的汽车产业基地之一；上海郊区发展战略的重点示范新城；是以历史文化、汽车文化、体育文化品牌为特色，以先进制造业和现代服务业为主导，具有人文魅力、持续创新力、高科技水准和综合辐射功能，国际化和地域化特色相结合的生态宜居现代化新城。
Jiading New Town
Jiading New Town is positioned as one of one of the important node cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and also one of the most significant automobile industry bases in Shanghai. In addition, this town is a key model town for Shanghai suburban development strategy, with characteristics of history, culture, car culture, and sports culture brands. The town is based on advanced manufacturing and modern services industries, with cultural charming, continuous innovation, hi-tech level and comprehensive radiation functions, and become a modern and ecological livable town in combination of internationalization and localization features.
 
 
浦东新区惠南民乐路大型居住社区
规划提出“半山桃花半片城”的理念，以惠南传统“桃花文化”为特色，以桃花村为生态“绿核”，通过人文、生态和建设环境的良好塑造，增强居民的社区认同感；采用适当的混合居住模式，减少社会隔离，促进社会和谐；结合轨道交通站点，完善公共交通系统和公共服务设施；与镇区发展统筹协调，满足社区居民的就业需要，均衡导入多类型、多层级产业，完全融入地方发展。
A Large Residential Community around Huinan Minle Road, Pudong New District
According to the concept “Peach blossoming in half of the community” raised in the Program, this large residential community has taken Peach Village as “Green core”, featuring the traditional “Peach culture” of Huinan locality, to enhance the residents’ community identity through the well creation of cultural, ecological and constructed environment; adopted appropriately mixed housing patterns, to reduce social isolation and promote social harmony; improved the public transportation system and public service facilities in combination with rail transport stations; and evenly introduced multi-type, multi-level industries, and integrated them into local development, to meet the employment needs of community residents, by coordinating with the township development.
]]> 历史名胜　古迹保护　城市建设　人文景观　英文翻译　中文翻译　中译英　城市规划　旅游名胜　 2011-12-06T18-42-11 CST 2011-12-06T18-42-11 CST 2011-12-06T18-42-11Z tag:shfyj.blogchina.com,2005://9470179 shfyj http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/shfyj.html 翻译成果 上海城市规划展示馆简介
上海城市规划展示馆于2000年建成，并对外开放，是上海对外宣传的重要窗口。规划馆的主题围绕“城市、人、环境、发展”，展示了上海城市规划建设发展的成就，让市民知晓城市规划，参与城市规划，架起了市政府与市民间的沟通桥梁。
上海城市规划展示馆占地面积4000平方米，建筑面积 20670平方米，建筑高度43.3米，从底层大厅至四层展厅可供展示的面积为7000平方米，由五个参观层，一个观光层和一个地下层组成。一楼是序厅；夹层是历史文化名城厅；二楼是临展厅；三楼是总体规划厅；四楼是专业和重点建设规划厅；五楼是观光厅；地下一层是1930风情街。
一楼序厅主要展品是“上海之晨”艺术模型、“百万市民大搬迁”情景艺术浮雕和外滩滨水区模型；夹层历史文化名城厅有“外滩沧桑”幕布演示、“上海城市历史发展”影视演示等内容；三楼总体规划厅为上海城市总体规划展区，布置有上海中心城核心区域大模型和360度环幕演示厅等；四楼专业规划和建设展厅主要展示洋山深水港、上海航空港、上海市城市近期建设规划、黄浦江两岸综合开发、苏州河环境综合整治规划、综合交通与市政规划、信息与科普互动实践、上海旅游等内容。
展馆大楼主体造型从中国传统的城门形态中获得设计灵感，以中心对称的结构图式巧妙地呼应着中国传统的美学思维，与现代感及富智慧地在同一建筑上体现出和谐美感，顶部寓意着盛开的上海市花——白玉兰，网络状的结构让建筑与蓝天、白云融为一体。这座晶莹剔透，琼楼玉宇般的建筑获得了2000年度上海市“白玉兰”奖和国家建筑最高荣誉“鲁班”奖等奖项。
Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center
INTRODUCTION
 
Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center was built up in 2000 and opened to the public since then. Now it becomes an important window for Shanghai’s exchange to outside world. The center’s theme is around “City, People, Environment and Development”, displaying the achievement in Shanghai’s urban planning and constructions, so that residents would be aware of and participate in urban planning, thus setting up a communication bridge between the municipal government and residents.
The center covers a land of 4000 square meters, with a construction area of 20,670 square meters, 43.3 meters in height; and consists of 5 exhibition floors, one sightseeing floor and a basement, with an exhibition area of 7000 square meters from the ground lobby to the fourth floor. The first floor is the overview hall; the inter-floor -- cities of historical and cultural interests; the second floor – provisional exhibition hall; the third floor – overall planning; the fourth floor – the specialized planning and key constructions; the fifth floor – sightseeing; and the basement -- 1930 Style Street.
In the first floor – the overview hall, the main exhibits are the artistic model of “Morning in Shanghai”, the scenario artistic relief “Relocation of Millions of Citizens”, and the model of Bund waterfront area. In the inter-floor – cities of historical and cultural interests; there are screen presentation of “Bund Vicissitudes”, and video presentation “the historical development of Shanghai City”, and others. The third floor displays the overall planning of Shanghai City, including large models for the core in Shanghai central area, 360-degree screen showroom, etc. The fourth floor shows the specialized planning and key constructions, mainly including Yangshan Deep-Water Port, Shanghai Airport, Shanghai Urban Short-Term Construction Planning, Comprehensive Planning of Huangpu River, Comprehensive Improvement Plan for Suzhou Creek’s Surrounding, General Transportation and Municipal Plan, Interactive practice between information and popularization of science, Shanghai tourism, etc.
The design inspiration of the center’s building body comes from the shape of traditional Chinese gates, and its centrosymmetric structure subtly echoes the traditional Chinese aesthetic, and reflects the harmonious beauty in the same architecture with modern feeling and rich wisdom. In addition, the top contour of the building symbolizes a fully blooming Magnolia – Shanghai Flower, in which the network-like structure blends the building with blue sky and white clouds in one entity. This crystal and clear architecture won 2000’s Shanghai “Magnolia” Award and “Luban” Award – the highest national architectural honor.
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