<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>















<rss version="2.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">

<channel>
<title><![CDATA[桐桐]]> </title>
<description>
<![CDATA[投资理财]]>
</description>
<link>http://weijiaying.blog.bokee.net/</link>
<language>zh-cn</language>
<creator>weijiaying</creator>
<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jan 2007 10:16:37 CST </pubDate>
<generatorAgent rdf:resource="http://www.bokee.net"/>
<ttl>5</ttl>

<item>
<title>探索2500点是否探底</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1928693.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p><font size="5"><strong>此轮调整的低点会在哪里呢？有市场资深人士向记者展示<wbr></wbr><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><wbr></wbr>了下面一张<a href="http://stock.finance.qq.com/hqing/zhishu/000001.htm" target="_blank">上证指数</a><wbr></wbr>的走势图。 <wbr></wbr></font></strong><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>这是一幅有关上证指数的黄金分割图。这位资深市场人士</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>向记者介绍，&ldquo;上证指数自6124点以来的调整，针对的是</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>之前998点起始的那波牛市。上证指数自6124点下跌以</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>来，几乎都会在关键的黄金比率关系的位置附近得到支</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>撑，并有一个小幅反弹，但其后最终跌穿。目前指数已经</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>跌破了关键的支撑0.382（也就是说回撤到起始于998点行</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>情整体涨幅的0.382的位置）。由此可以断定，低点将考</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>验2900点至2500点前期整理平台附近的支撑，而下一个重</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>要的黄金比率位置则要到了0.236的2200点位置附近。 </strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>而市场资深人士王毅自去年A股见顶以来就一直看空后</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>市，曾在《红周刊》2008年第15期发表《大调整还远未结</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>束》一文。王毅告诉记者，&ldquo;4月22日第一次跌破3000点</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>之后的反弹，从技术形态上看，是众多个股的周、月线的</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>大形态已经转坏和破位后的回抽确认。而自3786点开始的</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>下</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>跌是新一轮跌势的开始。这波下跌期间，会有2次8%左</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>右盘中高低点距离的短暂反弹，最后才能见到阶段性的底</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>部。目前的这波下跌并没有带量，说明阶段性底部一旦出</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>现，很多个股的反弹力度是非常大的。但中期看，距离大</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>调整最终的底部仍有相当距离。&ldquo; </strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr>武汉</strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr></font><a href="http://weather.qq.com/preend.htm?dc211.htm" target="_blank"><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><wbr></wbr></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><wbr></wbr><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5">科技大学董登新教授研究中国股市18年发展历程的</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></a><a href="http://img1.qq.com/weather/pics/5619/5619723.gif" target="_blank"><font size="5"><img style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline! important" height="15" src="http://img1.qq.com/weather/pics/5619/5619723.gif" width="17" border="0" alt="" /></font></a><wbr></wbr></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">数次牛熊周期后发现，中国股市牛熊交替的基本规则大体</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">是：如果涨得猛，一定跌得更猛；且熊市的底部目标一般</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">都会跌去牛市峰值的50%以上。 </font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5">据记者统计，历史上，上证指数超过50%以上的下跌，加</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">上这次共计四次。分别是：（1）1992年5月26日1429点跌</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">至1992年11月17日的386点，跌幅达73%。（2）1993年2</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">月16日的1559点至1994年7月29日的325点，跌幅达79%。</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">（3）2001年6月14日的2245点至2005年6月6日的998点，</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">跌幅达55.5%。（4）2007年10月16日的6124点至本周最</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr></p>
<p><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">低点2729点，跌幅达55.49%。 </font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">值得注意的是，记者发现，深证成份指数1996年1月23日</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">自</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5">低点924点起涨，历时16个月，最高涨至1997年5月12日</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">的6103点见顶。之后便一路下跌，最终在1999年5月17日2</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">521点见底。 </font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5">阳光之下无新鲜事。当前上证指数能否继续与深成指199</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">6-1998年的波动拐点吻合，能否在2500点一线构筑最后防</font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></font><wbr></wbr><br /><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><wbr></wbr><font size="5"></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: large; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"><strong><font size="5">线，让我们拭目以待。 </font></strong><wbr></wbr></font><wbr></wbr><br /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1928693.html</guid>
<subject>理财</subject>
<author>weijiaying</author>
<category>理财</category>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jun 2008 18:09:34 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>保险业赔付已逾３亿元</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1897001.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　昨日，是四川汶川地震发生一个月，灾后重建成为社会最关心的问题之一，而灾后保险理赔的实际操作，也渐渐进入人们的视野。据了解，面对这一特大灾害，日前，保监会主席吴定富在现场办公会上要求，全行业须把抗震救灾作为各项工作的</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">重中之重</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">，并要高度重视灾后理赔工作、加快理赔速度，提高理赔质量。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　记者了解到，目前，各家保险公司的灾后理赔工作均已进入了</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">实战阶段</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">，针对受灾投保人的不同情况实施了不同的理赔举措，以尽快帮助他们重新获得经济支持，早日重建家园。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　保险业赔付已逾３亿元</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　据中国保监会最新数据显示，截至６月１１日，全国保险业共接到地震相关保险报案２４．９万件，初步核实，被保险人死亡１．６３万人，伤残２４７９人，被保险房屋倒塌１４．８万间，已付赔款３．０３亿元，其中，人身保险已赔付１．６９亿元，财产保险已赔付１．３３亿元。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　而保险业自身损失情况是，截至６月１１日，保险业有５名员工，２０名营销员遇难；５５名员工，２７７名营销员受伤。８１家分公司、５７６家支公司、８７１家营销服务部因灾受损。自有营业场所倒塌房屋２４８９间、损坏房屋１．２８万间，预计直接经济损失３．６９亿元。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　在人身险方面，人寿保险接报案２０５２件，被保险人死亡１７４２人，伤残８５人，已支付赔款３７５５万元；健康保险接报案６２５件，被保险人死亡５８人，伤残１１７人，已支付赔款１０４．７万元；意外伤害保险接报案２．５８万件，被保险人死亡１．３９万人，伤残１８８１人，已支付赔款１．３１亿元。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　而财产险中，</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">企业财产保险接报案２５９４件，已支付赔款５８８８．３万元；家庭财产保险接报案１４．９万件，已支付赔款４２０２．２万元；货物运输保险接报案１４件，已支付赔款１１００万元；农业保险接报案６．３７万件，已付赔款１４１５．８万元。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　保险公司展开</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">特别行动</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;<br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　业内人士表示，随着时间的推移，灾区保险理赔高峰将会逐步来临。记者获悉，目前，多家保险公司按照</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">特事特办</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">的原则，针对灾区的特殊情况，启动了多项特别举措进行理赔。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　据了解，６月６日，中国人寿在成都启动了</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">５</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&middot;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">１２地震理赔特别行动</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">，</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">从中国人寿全系统３０个省份调集的３００余名理赔专业精英，分赴震区各地进行灾后理赔援助，严格按照客户回访、调查核实、赔案处理和保险金给付四个实施步骤积极开展工作，力争在灾后重建的较短时间内，即集中２到３个月，完成绝大部分地震理赔服务工作。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　而在６月５日，由中国平安捐赠的首批１１００顶救灾专用帐篷送达地震重灾区茂县。据悉，中国平安捐赠的救灾专用帐篷还将陆续送达德阳、陕西、甘肃等地，捐赠救灾专用帐篷总价值达２００万元。截至６月６日，中国平安旗下产险、寿险、养老险累计接报案３６５４起，已赔付保险金逾４６４１万元。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　同时，太平人寿</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">客户排查</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">也在有序开展，据统计，太平人寿在四川地区团体保险客户４．９５万人已全部确认。截至６月４日，太平人寿已对３２５９１位身处四川震区的客户进行了电话回访，其中近八成的客户被回访成功。为了应对即将出现的大批量的报案和赔付，太平人寿西抽调了理赔骨干人员，设立非现场理赔专项小组，专门处理理赔的签批、审核等工作。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　太平洋财险深圳分公司则表示，该公司也派出了专业精英人员前往支援灾区的理赔工作，高效地完成灾区的各项重要的查勘任务后，公司第一笔３４０万元预付赔款已于６月５日划到客户的账上，随后分批的预付赔款也及时陆续地转到了灾区的客户的账户中。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br /></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’">　　总部设在深圳的太平保险人士告诉记者，公司已抽调了辖内机构负责人及业务骨干，与分公司非车险部全体人员组成９个理赔查勘组，并要求理赔人员在查勘理赔工作中，对保险责任范围内的事故要应赔尽赔，绝不允许一例拖赔、欠赔和惜赔的发生。【深圳特区报】</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1897001.html</guid>
<subject>社会新闻</subject>
<author>weijiaying</author>
<category>社会新闻</category>
<pubDate>Sat, 14 Jun 2008 20:59:41 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>西汉高祖刘邦</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/1860986.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<div align="center">
<table style="WIDTH: 95%; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt" cellpadding="0" width="95%" border="0" class="MsoNormalTable">
    <tbody>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes">
            <td style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #e0dfe3; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #e0dfe3">&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
            <td style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #e0dfe3; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0dfe3; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #e0dfe3">
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">西汉高祖刘邦，生于周赧王五十九年（公元前</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">256</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年），死于高祖十二年（公元前</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">195</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年），沛郡丰邑人（现在江苏丰县），字季，有的说小名刘季。他在兄弟四人中排行第三。在秦末农民战争中因为被项羽立为汉王，所以在战胜项羽建国时，国号定为</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">汉</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">，因为定都长安，为了和后来刘秀建都洛阳的</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">汉</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">区别，历史上称为</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">西汉</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">一、少年</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">无赖</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">成豪杰</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">不爱读书也不爱劳动</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦性格豪爽，不太喜欢读书，但对人很宽容。他也不喜欢下地劳动，所以常被父亲训斥为</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">无赖</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">，说他不如自己的哥哥会经营，但刘邦依然我行我素。刘邦长大后，经考试做了泗水的亭长，时间长了，和县里的官吏们混得很熟，在当地也小有名气。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦的心胸很大，在一次送服役的人去咸阳的路上，碰到秦始皇大队人马出巡，远远看去，秦始皇坐在装饰精美华丽的车上威风八面，羡慕得他脱口而出：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">大丈夫就应该像这样啊！</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo; <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">和吕氏结婚</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦的妻子是吕公的女儿吕氏，吕公本来不住在沛县，后来和家乡的人结下冤仇，便和家人来到了沛县，因为沛县当时的县令和他是好友。在刚刚到沛县时，很多人便听说了他和县令的关系，于是，人们便来上门拜访，拉拉关系，套套近乎。刘邦听说了也去凑热闹，当时主持接待客人的是在沛县担任县主簿的萧何，他宣布了一条规定：凡是贺礼钱不到一千钱的人，一律到堂下就坐。刘邦根本不管这些，虽然他没有带一个钱去，他却对负责传信的人说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我出贺钱一万！</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo; <o:p></o:p></font></span></strong></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">吕公听说了，赶忙出来亲自迎接他。一见刘邦器宇轩昂，与众不同，就非常喜欢，请入上席就坐。这次刘邦不但白吃一顿饭，酒足饭饱之后，吕公又将他盛情留下，提出将自己的女儿嫁给他为妻。刘邦巴不得成这门亲事，征得父母同意之后，便和吕氏结了婚，这就是以后历史上有名的吕后。汉惠帝就是她和刘邦的儿子，还有一个孩子就是鲁元公主。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">利用迷信</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">历史史料中对于刘邦和其他皇帝一样也有很多迷信的传说，一次，吕后和女儿在地里除草，有一个过路的老人向她们要了点水喝，喝完水讨好地说她们娘俩都是一副贵人相。等老人刚走，刘邦也回来了，吕后便把刚才老人说的话告诉了刘邦，刘邦一听也很高兴，他赶紧又追上了老人，让他也为自己看看面相。老人说刚才之所以说他的夫人和女儿长得贵人相，就是因为他的缘故，而刘邦的面相是贵不可言。刘邦一听高兴极了，拜谢了老人就回去了。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">后来，刘邦奉命押送刑徒去骊山服役，但在半路上已经有很多的人逃跑了，刘邦也很无奈，走到丰邑县的大泽休息时，刘邦喝了些酒，然后松开了刑徒们身上的绳子，让他们自己逃命去。但有十几个人不愿意丢下他一个人走，都表示愿意跟着他。刘邦便带领大家逃亡，前面负责开路的人回来告诉他前边有条大蛇拦路，没法通行，刘邦喝得有点醉了，训斥说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我们这些勇猛之士行路，有什么好害怕的！</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">他分开众人，自己到了前边，见一条蛇横在路中间，便拔出宝剑将蛇一剑拦腰斩断。又走了一段路后，刘邦觉得头昏，便躺在路旁休息，也等等后边的人。一会儿，后边的人赶了上来，对他说在路旁看见一个老太太哭，问她原因，她说有人把他的儿子杀了。又问为什么被杀，她说他的儿子是白帝的儿子，刚才变成蛇，却在路边被赤帝的儿子杀了，所以才如此难过。大家当时觉得是老太太说谎，但老太太忽然就不见了。刘邦听说了，心中暗喜，以后便借此来提高自己的威信和地位。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">此后，刘邦带着人到处逃亡，但每次吕后都能找到他，刘邦很奇怪，问妻子原因，吕后说他藏身的地方常有彩云缭绕，所以很好找到。刘邦后来便让手下人广为传播这种谣传，很多人便相信了，都想来投奔他。实际上，这种谣传基本上都是在皇帝建立国家之后，有意编造的，以此证明自己与众不同，有王者之气。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
            <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">由于这些传说，刘邦在当地的威信逐渐提高，跟随他的人也就多了起来，他被当地人称为沛中的豪杰。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">沛公起兵</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在公元前</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">209</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年，秦末农民起义爆发，陈胜、吴广率领起义军攻占了陈（现在河南淮阳）以后，陈胜建立了</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">张楚</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">政权，和秦朝公开对立。这时，沛县的县令也想响应来继续掌握沛县的政权，萧何和曹参当时都是县令手下的主要官吏，他们劝县令将本县流亡在外的人召集回来，一来可以增加力量，二来也可以杜绝后患。县令觉得有理，便让刘邦的妹夫樊哙去把刘邦找回来，刘邦便带人往回赶。这边的县令却又后悔了，害怕刘邦回来不好控制，弄不好还会被刘邦所杀，等于是引狼入室。所以，他命令将城门关闭，还准备捉拿萧何和曹参。萧何和曹参闻讯赶忙逃到了城外，刘邦将信射进城中，鼓动城中的百姓起来杀掉出尔反尔的县令，大家一起保卫家乡。百姓对平时就不太体恤他们的县令很不满，杀了县令后开城门迎进刘邦，又推举他为沛公，领导大家起事。刘邦便顺从民意，设祭坛，自称赤帝的儿子，领导民众举起了反秦大旗。这一年已经是秦二世元年的九月，刘邦也有四十八岁了。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">二、中原逐鹿，独占鳌头</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">秦的灭亡</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">秦末农民战争中还有一支强大的力量，这就是原来楚国贵族的后代项羽和叔叔项梁，他们在吴中（现在江苏的吴县）起兵，兵力很快达到了近万人。同时，其他被秦国灭掉的六国贵族后裔们也纷纷起兵，加入了灭秦的行列。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在陈胜被车夫庄贾杀死后，项梁便拥立了楚怀王的孙子心做了楚王，定都盱眙（现在江苏盱眙），后来和章邯率领的秦军展开了激战，开始几次都取得了胜利，结果项梁更加骄横狂妄，别人的话也听不进去，结果被得到援兵的章邯偷袭，大败被杀。章邯在项梁死后，觉得楚国不会再构成大的威胁，于是将主要精力转向了赵国。赵国受到攻击又向楚国求救，楚王在和众将商议之后便决定兵分两路去增援赵国。一路由宋义和项羽率领北上，直接救援，一路则由刘邦率领西进关中，牵制秦军，策应北路援军。楚王和众将约定：谁先入定关中谁就做天下之王。但大家都对做王没抱什么大的希望，因为当时的秦军还很强大，将领们都不愿意冒险西进和秦军决战。项羽为了给叔叔报仇，要求和刘邦一起西进关中，但遭到大家的一致反对，大家觉得项羽做事比刘邦要残忍得多，而且又年轻没有经验，刘邦则是个长者，宽厚仁慈，威望较高，所以，最后决定只让刘邦一人领兵西进关中。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">开始时，刘邦也不太顺利，但经过几次战役，刘邦步步西进，最后终于兵临城下，到达了咸阳东边不远处的灞上（现在西安东），秦王子婴见大势已去，只得献城投降，将玉玺亲手交给了刘邦，秦王朝至此灭亡。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">立足关中</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦很得意地进入了咸阳城，并以</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">关中王</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">自居。看着富丽堂皇的宫殿，刘邦有些留恋起来，准备就此住下，享受享受。妹夫樊哙劝他注意天下还没有平定，别忘了秦的前车之鉴。刘邦根本听不进去，直到张良亲自来劝，他这才认识到了问题的严重性。于是，刘邦将军队撤退到了灞上。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦到达灞上之后，便召集当地的名士，和他们约法三章：杀人者死，伤人及盗抵罪。其他秦朝的苛刻法制一律废除，这使他得到了民心支持。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项羽在打败章邯，迫使他投降之后，也领兵直奔关中而来，争夺做天下王的资格。等到了函谷关，见刘邦不但已经平定了关中，而且还派兵把守函谷关，不由得大怒，立即命令英布领兵攻下了函谷关，然后领兵四十万直奔咸阳，驻扎在了戏下（现在的陕西临潼东北的戏水西岸）。刘邦的属下曹无伤对刘邦很不满，为了得到更大的官职，他暗地里派人向项羽挑拨说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">沛公刘邦想在关中做王，然后让子婴做宰相，自己将秦的财物都纳入私囊。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项羽听了不禁火冒三丈，范曾也劝他趁机除掉刘邦这个对手。项羽就下令准备，要在第二天进攻。这时的刘邦在兵力上无法和强大的项羽相抗衡，他只有十万军队，不可能战胜项羽的四十万精兵。最后是项羽</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">的叔叔项伯</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">救</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">了刘邦：项伯和刘邦的谋士张良很要好，见项羽要进攻了，便连夜潜入营中找到张良，让他赶紧走，以免被杀。张良却说不能丢下刘邦，就将消息透露给了刘邦。惊慌之下，刘邦赶忙向张良要计策，张良让刘邦赶紧去见项伯，说明自己没有野心和项羽争夺王位。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">于是，刘邦设盛宴招待项伯，还和他约定为亲家。他对项伯说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我自从入关之后，没有敢占有丝毫财物，将吏民进行登记造册，把府库封存起来，就是等着将军来的。我之所以派兵把守函谷关，并不是阻止将军你们入关，而是更好地守好关中地区，也防止强盗入侵。我和将士们日夜都盼望将军你们能早点来，怎么会有造反之心呢？请您回去务必向项羽将军说明此事，消除误会。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项伯满口答应，然后对刘邦说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">将军你明天一定要到我们的营帐亲自向项羽说明情况，当面赔礼才能得到项羽的原谅。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦听了也答应了。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项伯当天夜里就返回了军营，他对项羽说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">因为沛公先行进入关中，为我们扫除了入关的障碍，我们这才能顺利地通过函谷关，沛公是有功劳的人，我们不应该猜疑他，应该真诚相待。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项羽听了，便决定不再进攻刘邦。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">第二天，刘邦如约来到了项羽的军营，只带了樊哙、张良和一百名精锐亲兵。到了项羽的大帐鸿门，当面向迎接他的</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项羽赔礼道歉。项羽请刘邦入内赴宴，在酒宴上，双方你来我往，项羽明里暗里杀机不断。项庄在席间借舞剑为名，想趁机刺杀刘邦，没有成功。这就是成语</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项庄舞剑，意在沛公</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">的由来。后来刘邦借故离开，回到了大营。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">鸿门宴之后，项羽便领兵西进，在咸阳城大肆屠杀，秦王子婴也被杀死，秦的宫殿阿房宫被项羽放火焚烧。火烧阿房宫后，项羽分封各路将军为王，共封了十九个诸侯王。刘邦被封为汉王，领地是巴、蜀和汉中共四十一县，国都为南郑（现在的陕西南郑）。项羽自己为西楚霸王，掌握军队最高统帅权，楚王被尊为义帝。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">分封完后，项羽让大家到各自的诸侯国去就职，刘邦也只好到南郑去。项羽只分给了刘邦三万军队，后来又有一些人追随他到了南郑，但总兵力也不足十万，刘邦暂时还无法和项羽抗衡，只能坐待时机。为了消除项羽对他的猜疑，也为了断绝其他王侯</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">从汉中袭击，张良建议刘邦将通向汉中的栈道烧毁了。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">楚汉战争</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">最初，刘邦并没有东进和项羽争雄的打算，但他到了南郑之后，形势的变化促使他下决心东进，和项羽争夺天下。一个原因是将士们不服南郑地方的水土，日夜思念家乡，士气低落。二是项羽封在齐国的田荣嫌项羽分封不公，起兵反叛，这给刘邦创造了进兵的绝好机会。正巧此时刘邦得到了大将韩信，萧何对刘邦说，如果要争霸天下，非重用韩信不可。韩信被封为大将后，提议立即出兵东进：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我们的将士都是山东之人（指函谷关以东地区），现在正好可以利用他们东归回家的强烈愿望，鼓舞士气，东进之后必将建功立业。事不宜迟，应当立即进兵。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo; <o:p></o:p></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在公元前</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">206</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年，即汉王元年的五月，刘邦让萧何任丞相，负责管理后方巴蜀地区，他亲自和韩信领兵从陈仓（现在陕西宝鸡东）偷渡，迅速占领了关中全部，至此，著名的楚汉战争正式爆发。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">楚汉战争分为两个阶段，前一阶段是刘邦处于下风，屡次被项羽杀得大败而归。后来，刘邦离间了项羽和范曾，逐渐占据上风，最后将项羽彻底打败。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦东进之后，曾经趁项羽和齐、赵交战之机拿下了河南，攻克洛阳，然后挥师东进，攻下了彭城。原先项羽打算在平定齐和赵后再和刘邦决战，现在见刘邦攻下了彭城，便领精兵三万急行军赶回，趁刘邦设酒宴庆功之机，在清晨发动袭击，一天之内便将汉军打败，在汉军撤退时，又被项羽追杀消灭了十几万人。到了灵壁（现在安徽宿县西北）东边的濉水又被项羽追上，又丧失十几万军队，濉水竟也被尸体堵塞了。只有刘邦和几十名骑兵奋力逃脱，但他的父亲和妻子吕后却被项羽抓获。原来跟随刘邦的其他路诸侯王见刘邦大败，先后舍他而去。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦退到荥阳之后，得到了萧何从关中派来的增援部队，韩信也收拢打散的军队来会合。汉军又重振旗鼓，在荥阳的南边打败了项羽的军队，两军在荥阳一带开始对峙。后来，刘邦策反了项羽的大将英布，分化了项羽，也使项羽因为要分兵镇压而消弱了兵力。但项羽毕竟不是一般人物，他派兵侵扰汉军的运粮通道，最终将荥阳的汉军围困起来。刘邦无奈，只好向项羽求和，提出以荥阳为分界线，荥阳以西为汉，项羽想答应刘邦，但范曾却不同意，说现在正是消灭汉军的好时机，错过这个机会，放虎归山，就后患无穷了。项羽于是又开始攻打荥阳。刘邦见范曾从中作梗，就采用了陈平的离间计：等项羽派使者来劝刘邦投降时，刘邦就让人先摆出盛情招待的样子，送去精美的食品，等见了使者，又故意惊奇地说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我们听说是亚父（指范曾）的使者来了，原来是项王的使者啊。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">接着就将精美的食品拿了下去，换来不好的饭食。结果使者非常生气，回去便告诉了项羽。项羽不知其中有诈，就轻易上当了，从此不再听范曾的意见了，怀疑他背叛自己，私下和刘邦交往。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">范曾得知了内情，勃然大怒，他对项羽说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">现在天下局势已定，大王您自己多保重，我还是回家做一个平民百姓吧！</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">范曾负气离开了项羽，但没有能到达彭城，就因为背上生疮病死在半途。项羽刚愎自用，没有智谋，这是他最后失败的主要原因。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">范曾走后，项羽加紧进攻荥阳，刘邦也设法从荥阳突围。大将纪信自告奋勇，替刘邦向项羽假投降，让刘邦趁机逃脱。纪信乘坐着刘邦的车出东门假降，刘邦则从西门出城突围。纪信果然将项羽</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">的大部分军队吸引住，结果项羽没有抓住刘邦，一气之下将纪信烧死了。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">拿下荥阳之后，项羽又占领了成皋（现在河南荥阳汜水镇），刘邦后来集中兵力将成皋收回，然后围困荥阳。项羽回师救援，和刘邦在荥阳东北部的广武山一带相持不下，对峙达几个月之久。项羽急于和刘邦决战，因为持久战对他不利：刘邦的粮草供应顺畅，而他的粮草供应却常遭到彭越的袭击。为了尽早结束战斗，同时迫使刘邦投降，项羽就把原先俘获的刘邦的父亲押到了两军阵前，他对刘邦说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">你如果再不投降，我就把你的父亲煮了！</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo; <o:p></o:p></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦知道项羽在要挟他，干脆耍起了无赖：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我和你曾经</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&lsquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">约为兄弟</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rsquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">，所以我的父亲就是你的父亲了。你要是一定要煮了我的父亲，那就请便吧。不过，别忘了给我也留一碗肉汤。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项羽听了气得七窍生烟，当场就下令将刘邦的父亲杀死。旁边的项伯赶紧劝道：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">将军，现在谁能得天下还很难说，何况争天下的人都是不顾家人生死安危的，杀了他的亲人也起不到什么作用，相反倒会增加双方的仇恨。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项羽听了，只好命人将刘邦的父亲带回去。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项羽见一计不成，又生一计，他要刘邦和他单独决斗。刘邦没有上他的当，却说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我和你只斗智，不斗勇。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">接着骂项羽有十大罪状：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">第一，你负前约，没有让我称王天下，而是称王蜀汉。第二，你杀死首领宋义，取而代之。第三，你救赵之后，本该息兵，却进军关中。第四，火烧阿房宫，中饱私囊。第五，你杀死秦王子婴。第六，你坑杀秦的投降士卒二十万。第七，对诸侯王分封不公。第八，将义帝赶出彭城，自己占为都城。第九，你暗害义帝。第十，不但以臣杀主，政事也不公平。我现在率领众将领来诛杀你这残忍的逆贼，何必非要和你单独决斗呢！</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项羽听了，气得拉弓射了刘邦一箭，结果正中刘邦的胸部。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">楚汉双方又对阵了十个多月，因为有关中和蜀地的支援，刘邦逐渐占了上风，而项羽则兵源缺乏，粮草不足，难以和汉军抗衡。在侯公的撮合下，项羽和刘邦定下了停战协定：楚汉以鸿沟（现在河南荥阳、中牟和开封一线）为分界线，东西分治。协定达成之后，项羽将刘邦的父亲和妻子送还。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">决战垓下</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项羽领兵东返，刘邦也打算领兵回关中。张良和陈平则极力劝说刘邦趁机灭掉项羽，因为这时项羽兵不精粮不足，万一他回到彭城，等于是纵虎归山。刘邦听了赶紧命令追击。同时派人命韩信和彭越火速集结，合击项羽。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在公元前</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">202</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年的十月，刘邦追上了项羽，但到了固陵（现在河南太康西）时，韩信和彭越的军队还没有到达。项羽向汉军猛烈反击，将汉军击溃。刘邦只得坚守不出，问谋士张良有什么良策。张良说如果能封给韩信齐地，封给彭越梁地，那他们两个肯定会火速进兵的。刘邦马上派人许诺韩信和彭越，在击败项羽后立即封他们为齐王和梁王，韩信和彭越也很快有了回音：立即进兵。同时，楚的大司马周殷也被刘邦派人劝降，淮南王英布领兵也赶来会师。汉军会合各路援军共三十万，和项羽决战垓下。夜里，围困项羽</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">的汉军唱起了楚国苍凉的歌，使项羽以为汉军已占有全部楚地。走投无路的项羽在大帐中和心爱的虞姬饮酒，乘着酒力慷慨而歌：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮骓不逝。骓不逝兮可奈何，虞兮虞兮奈若何！</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">虞姬唱道：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">汉兵已略地，四放楚歌声。大王意气尽，贱妾何聊生。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo; <o:p></o:p></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">虞姬当着项羽的面含泪自刎，项羽擦去眼泪，跃马率领八百骑兵趁夜突围。第二天早晨，汉军才发现项羽已经突围而去，刘邦命令灌婴率骑兵火速追击。项羽在渡过淮河后，身边只剩下了一百人，到达阴陵（现在安徽定远西北）时，因为迷路走入大泽之中。从大泽出来后，项羽向东撤退，在东城（现在安徽定远东南）被灌婴的骑兵追上。项羽随从只有二十八人了，和汉军激战三次，杀伤几百汉军后，项羽最后横剑自刎。至此，楚汉战争以项羽的失败而结束。项羽虽然失败了，但给后人留下了丰富的文学素材，戏剧《霸王别姬》使人对这个失败的英雄充满了同情和崇敬</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">三、中央集权的统一帝国</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">称帝建汉</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在公元前</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">202</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年的正月，刘邦兑现了先前的诺言，封韩信为楚王，彭越为越王。受封的韩信和彭越联合原来的燕王臧荼、赵王张敖以及长沙王吴芮共同上书刘邦，请他即位称帝。刘邦开始假意推辞，韩信他们说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">大王虽然出身贫寒，但能率领众人扫灭暴秦，诛杀不义，安定天下，功劳超过诸王，您称帝是众望所归。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦顺水推舟地说：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">既然你们大家都这样看，觉得有利于天下吏民，那就按你们说的办吧。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo; <o:p></o:p></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">这年的<st1:chsdate w:st="on" year="2008" month="3" day="10" islunardate="True" isrocdate="False">二月初三</st1:chsdate>，刘邦在山东定陶汜水之阳举行登极大典，定国号为汉。同时，封妻子吕氏为皇后，儿子刘盈为太子。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">迁都长安</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">开始时，刘邦将都城定在了洛阳。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">即位的同年五月，刘邦在洛阳的南宫开庆功宴，宴席上，他和众人总结楚汉战争胜败的经验教训。高起和王陵说，刘邦之所以能战胜项羽，就是因为刘邦能与大家同甘苦，共患难，而项羽却自私自利。刘邦说他们说的有道理，但没有说到点子上。他总结了自己取胜的原因：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">论运筹帷幄之中，决胜于千里之外，我不如张良；论抚慰百姓供应粮草，我又不如萧何；论领兵百万，决战沙场，百战百胜，我不如韩信。可是，我能做到知人善用，发挥他们的才干，这才是我们取胜的真正原因。至于项羽，他只有范曾一个人可用，但又对他猜疑，这是他最后失败的原因。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦的总结确实说对了，战争的胜败，人的因素总是最重要的。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">后来，刘邦迁都长安是因为一个叫娄敬的士卒的提醒，他从山东赶来见刘邦，说刘邦得天下和先前的周朝不一样，所以不应该像周朝那样以洛阳为都城，应该到关中定都，这样便可以在秦地固守险地，国家才能长治久安。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">刘邦将他的意见说给众大臣讨论，但遭到许多人的反对，认为还是洛阳好。最后还是张良同意娄敬的建议，他说关中是</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">金城千里，天府之国</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">，退可守，攻可出。刘邦听了表示同意，于是很快将都城迁到了长安。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">继承秦的制度</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">历史上有一种通称，叫</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">汉承秦制</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">，即汉朝的规章制度基本上都是继承秦朝的。不过需要注意的是，汉朝的统治政策有了大的变化，主要是将原来秦朝的残酷刑法和严厉的治国思想改变了，用一种清净无为的黄老思想为治国的指导思想，体现在经济方面就是减轻百姓赋税的负担。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">汉朝的政治制度基本上是秦朝的延续，中央是三公九卿，地方是郡县制。（有关内容请参考</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">秦始皇</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&rdquo; </font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">）不过，在汉朝的乡一级的地方机构中和秦朝有一点不同，即在各乡的三老中，又选出一个作为县的三老，负责和县级的官吏联系，沟通上下的关系。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在汉朝，除了郡县制外，还实行了封国制，即分封诸侯王到地方建立诸侯国和王国。最初，分封的是异姓王，如韩信等人，主要是为了团结众将取得战争的胜利，到后来，只剩下了长沙王吴芮，其他的王基本上被杀。消灭了异姓王，刘邦又封了九个同姓王，都是刘邦的儿子、侄子和兄弟。他觉得他们会巩固自己的刘姓政权，但后来的事实证明他们也没有起到好的作用，也发生过叛乱。</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">分封同姓王的同时，刘邦还立下了规矩来约束他们：诸侯王国的政治地位和郡相同，辅佐诸侯王的相国和太傅都要由中央政府来任命，是中央的官吏，不准依附诸侯王对抗中央，否则就要以</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font face="Times New Roman">&ldquo;</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">阿党附益</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 300%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; m