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<title><![CDATA[zixixinli'职业博客]]> </title>
<description>
<![CDATA[张红艳1989年毕业于西安石油学院经济管理系，现为四川大学应用心理学精神分析方向研究生，国家二级心理咨询师，陕西省性学会会员、陕西省心理咨询师学会会员、资深心理治疗师
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<link>http://zixixinli.blog.bokee.net/</link>
<language>zh-cn</language>
<creator>zixixinli</creator>
<pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2009 12:20:40 CST </pubDate>
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<item>
<title>子析心理资深咨询师----张琼茹</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/9238472.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;张琼茹，女，71年生，国家二级心理咨询师。曾积极参加各种关于心理咨询技术的培训，如亲密关系、亲子教育、家庭排列、意象对话、精神分析、绘画疗法、NLP等，不断提高自己的专业技能。作为一名心理咨询师，与我的来访者一起面对困惑，走向阳光，是我的使命，也是我最大的快乐。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;擅长 咨询领域：婚恋家庭 亲子关系 人际关系</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<font color="#666666" face="宋体">咨询特点：为人真诚热情，乐观开朗，亲和力强，善于沟通。深受众多朋友的喜欢及认可。</font><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #666666; font-size: 9pt"><br />
</span></p>]]>
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<author>zixixinli</author>
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<pubDate>Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:14:12 CST </pubDate>
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<item>
<title>《城管秘笈》是生产心理问题的怪胎</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2931152.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">《城管秘笈》</span></span></a></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是生产心理问题的怪胎</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&mdash;&mdash;心理问题的社会根源思考之一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3">西安子析心理工作室张子涵</font></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在中国很多心理问题是社会问题引起的</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，这些具体的问题得不到解决，这些困扰就一直左右着他们的生活和生存。这是我在临床</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">心理咨询</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中观察到的现象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">近日被媒体广为传播的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">《城管秘笈》</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">就从一个侧面揭示了心理问题的社会成因。作为一名从事临床工作的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">心理咨询师</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，我们不得不作这样的思考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为什么城管的名声不好？无论是网上还是现实中，只要出现城管和群众的冲突，城管肯定挨骂。有时候在冲突现场，遇到群众占上风时，还会有人喝彩。这些围观的人群里也许就有昔日的&ldquo;受害者&rdquo;，平日里他们自身没有能力，此刻才得以借他人之手稍解胸中积恨。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">作为一个人，无论穷富贵贱，无论是冲突中的胜利者还是失败者或者是旁观者，在每个人的心中都会有一杆秤，一杆人性的秤。生活中的许多东西会随着时间的改变、环境的变迁而不同，但永远不变的是人性。也许他们能做到像《城管秘笈》中所要求的，在值罚冲突中做到打人打得&ldquo;脸上不见血，身上不见伤&rdquo;同时&ldquo;周围不见人&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;即不落下把柄。而这些进城谋生的小商小贩，走街串行的穷人，整天被城管追得东躲西藏，他们无权无势，在冲突中又经常处在下风，即使受了委屈和不公正的对待也往往拿不出什么证据来告城管。可是<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">在他们承受委屈、处于严重心理不平衡的同时也就埋下了仇恨的种子、心理的倾斜</strong>。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">人心天平在这时候就永远地背离了城管。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3">《城管秘笈》</font></span></span></a></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">带给我们的思考还在于：城管从业人员心理的扭曲和变形以及在职业的塑造中这些被张扬的人的略根性。长期的恃强凌弱、野蛮执罚扭曲的还可能有他们的人性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">心理咨询</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的临床实践告诉我们，<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">人性的缺失往往成为日后神经症和其他精神类疾病的根源</strong>，使之又成为受害者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">其实在这里，冲突双方一开始就都是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">《城管秘笈》</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这个怪胎的受害群体。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2931152.html</guid>
<subject></subject>
<author>zixixinli</author>
<category></category>
<pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2009 22:06:58 CST </pubDate>
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<item>
<title>西安子析心理咨询工作室招聘</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2924162.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p>职位;心理咨询师</p>
<p>学历：研究生</p>
<p>职位描述：长期从事临床的心理咨询师、心理治疗师，有精神分析背景。能够用心理学的方法有效治疗焦虑、抑郁、恐惧症、孤独症（至少一种）。有效个案咨询、个案治疗3000小时以上。</p>
<p>联系我们;029-84415599</p>
<p>http://<a href="http://www.zixxinli.com">www.zixxinli.com</a></p>]]>
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<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2924162.html</guid>
<subject></subject>
<author>zixixinli</author>
<category></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2009 16:37:54 CST </pubDate>
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<item>
<title>对一个五岁男孩恐怖症的分析（三）</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2825994.html</link>
<description>
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                                    <div align="center"><strong>对一个五岁男孩恐怖症的分析（三）</strong></div>
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                                    <td class="bottomtext" height="20">&nbsp;转自互联网</td>
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                                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></font>&nbsp;</p>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">案例解读</span></font></p>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 48.0pt" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（一）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文字解读</span></font></p>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从母亲到父亲的过渡是通过马为中介的。汉斯开始爱父亲，后来怕父亲。我们可以从中国的文字上看到这个过渡，是第一个序列：妈&mdash;&mdash;马&mdash;&mdash;</span><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><img height="14" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="14" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" alt="" /></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（爸）。我们的汉字很有意思，大家看，&ldquo;妈&rdquo;念</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">ma</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，&ldquo;马&rdquo;念</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">ma</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，妈妈是个女的马，根据造字的规则，我们不妨把&ldquo;爸&rdquo;写成&ldquo;（人马）&rdquo;，也把它读成</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">ma</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。&ldquo;妈&rdquo;是一个形声字，是女</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">马，&ldquo;马&rdquo;的声音</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">ma</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这是个空间邻近、换喻的关系，也就是移置。而它也是个会意字，根据汉语大字典的解释，它还有个意思是母马，牝马，这是个意义邻近、隐喻的关系，也就是凝缩。我们用了&ldquo;爸&rdquo;而不用</span><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><img height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="13" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" alt="" /></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就证明这里存在一个断裂，有一个转折，汉斯就是在这中间给框住了，我把这个个案戏称为&ldquo;妈&mdash;&mdash;马&mdash;&mdash;</span><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><img height="15" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="15" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" alt="" /></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&rdquo;。</span></font></p>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.02" align="right"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们从字形上解读父母亲的功能。中国以前不说&ldquo;妈&rdquo;，直到《集韵》才有&ldquo;妈&rdquo;。母，</span><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><img height="23" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="20" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" alt="" /></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，它与女</span><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><img height="26" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image005.gif" width="18" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" alt="" /></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的区别在于它比后者多了两点，是乳房之意，母亲有喂养孩子的功能，这让人想起了欧洲维纳斯的大乳房、大屁股和它身边的小男人（有人就说那个小男人是她的儿子）。爸</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">父</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巴，其中父的甲骨文为</span><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><img height="24" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="20" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" alt="" /></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，意指一只手拿着斧头，巴为&ldquo;巴蛇吞象&rdquo;，而&ldquo;蛇&rdquo;意指&ldquo;阳具&rdquo;，爸</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">父</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">+</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巴。郭沫若考证甲骨文的&ldquo;父&rdquo;字是&ldquo;斧&rdquo;，父亲就是高举起斧头的一个形象。《说文》解释为&ldquo;</span><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><img height="25" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image007.gif" width="21" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031" alt="" /></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，巨也&rdquo;。&ldquo;巨&rdquo;就是规矩，也就是说父亲就是规则的制定者。另外有人说&ldquo;父&rdquo;通&ldquo;甫&rdquo;，&ldquo;甫&rdquo;是对一般的男人的美称。&ldquo;巴&rdquo;代表蛇，有个故事叫&ldquo;巴蛇吞象&rdquo;。蛇也许让人联想到阳具，因此由&ldquo;爸&rdquo;我们可以联想到爸爸为了保护自己的阳具而用斧头砍小男孩（的阳具）。正好符合精神分析所说的阉割。当然这只是联想。父亲可能代表一个更严格、更具规则的角色。而</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080">克莱因</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说母亲也给予规则。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></font></p>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080">弗洛伊德</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那里，母亲是孩子爱的对象，而父亲则代表着一种严格的规则。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></font></p>
                                    <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080" size="3">克莱因</font></span></span></a></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">则讲，母亲不仅仅是爱的对象，也是恨的对象，即同时有两种形象。而且，孩子还把母亲的乳房分好坏，有好乳房和坏乳房。乳房是婴儿注意的中心。不给婴儿喂奶，他哭了怎么办，给个奶嘴衔着。这就指引孩子去寻找其它的东西。客体是从乳房到奶嘴再到玩具，即客体&mdash;&mdash;乳房&mdash;&mdash;奶嘴&mdash;&mdash;玩具（或动物、植物等）。可见中国造字与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080">精神分析</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也有一致性，也就是，乳房是被中国古文字所强调的，同时也是精神分析所强调的。另外，还有粪便，也是客体，中国文字没有表达出来。只是我们有&ldquo;视金钱如粪土&rdquo;的说法。（还有有时候说某人运气好，说他&ldquo;踩到屎粑粑了&rdquo;）。这个客体在汉斯这个个案中也很重要。</span></font> </div>
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<pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2009 22:39:12 CST </pubDate>
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<title>小汉斯个案讨论班第一次：导论 </title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2797110.html</link>
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<![CDATA[<div align="left">
<h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align="right"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312">讨论班第一次：导论</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font face="Arial"> </font></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp; </font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><font size="3"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时间：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2003</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">09</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主讲：</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#800080">霍大同</font></span></span></a></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp; </font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开场白</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.02" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这学期我们开始读</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080">小汉斯</font></span></span></a></span></strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的个案，安排一年，可能还不够。如果按照学校的教学大纲，学生是不可能进入研究的，所以应该跟着老师走，老师干什么，老师关注什么，你就关注什么。我们都强调搞学问要&ldquo;博大精深&rdquo;，现在国内学者大都不具备，不仅窄而且浅，原因就在于仅仅关注那一点，而又不能进到一定的深度。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.02" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我原来说，你们这些研究生进来只是为了拿文凭，现在看来，实际上有些人是带着问题来，但是给家人说的是来拿一个文凭。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#800080">精神分析学</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">看来，作为人的本质，就是他的欲望。我听说上学期期末的时候，有些同学会餐，都想喝醉，我听了很高兴。为什么呢？因为精神分析太痛苦了。尼采说过，痛苦的人生才是真正的人生。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.02" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们这个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#800080">精神分析学</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的硕士点，我们这个小组，主要走的是拉康派的路子。之所以是拉康派，除了我本人在法国留学，接受拉康派的分析以外，更重要的原因是，我们认为在弗洛伊德以后，对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#800080">精神分析学</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的发展只有拉康。客体理论起源于克莱因，她可以说是精神分析的第三人。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp; </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们为什么要研究中国的</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080">儿童精神分析</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">？</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有三点：首先，中国与西方的精神分析的区别从与母亲的互动上已经开始了。其次，我们中国以前的观念是&ldquo;多子多福&rdquo;，但是现在是独生子女，这是个根本性的变化。我在法国的时候很多人就说你们中国不讲人权，为什么搞计划生育。我说这是没办法的事情，中国人太多了。比如四川，在重庆建立直辖市以前，面积跟法国差不多，但是人口是法国的两倍。而且四川大部分地区是山区，不能住人，而法国除了阿尔卑斯山那一块地方以外，其它地方都可以住。从多子女到独生子女这个变化，这意味着孩子</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">母亲</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">父亲的关系发生了根本性的变化。这种情况下孩子的人格是如何形成？其特点是什么？究竟怎么样，需要回答。这就需要我们研究</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080">儿童精神分析</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，特别是女性。女性在这方面有优势，国外有很多</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080">儿童精神分析</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都是女性。最后，我们在临床实践中发现，很多成人所遇到的问题，最后可以在他的童年时代找到根源。所以我们要研究儿童。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp; </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">案例简介</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="right"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这是</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080">儿童精神分析</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的第一个个案，是在</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体" color="#800080">弗洛伊德</font></span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指导下其弟子完成的一个治疗个案，那是一对夫妇，是孩子的父母亲。当时马车是最普遍的交通工具，他们家对面是一个货仓，马车进进出出，因此汉斯没有办法上街，他怕那些马。这证明了一个问题，是一个阉割情结，也就是不能爱他的母亲，汉斯便在认同父亲的时候出现了问题，妈&mdash;&mdash;马&mdash;&mdash;爸，汉斯用马遮住了对父亲的恐惧，当他完成了对父亲的认同，恐惧就消失了。马实际上起了一个遮蔽的作用，是因为有个东西不能说出来，就把马这个形象拿过来把它遮住。</span></font></p>
</div>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2797110.html</guid>
<subject></subject>
<author>zixixinli</author>
<category></category>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2009 21:34:30 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>对一位五岁男孩的恐怖症分析 （一）转自互联网</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2792322.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312"><span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="center"><span><strong>对一位五岁男孩的</strong><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><strong>恐怖症</strong></span></span></a><strong>分析 </strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="center"><span><strong>&mdash;&mdash;&ldquo;</strong><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><strong>小汉斯</strong></span></span></a><strong>&rdquo;案例翻译及讨论 </strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="center"><span><strong>&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 29.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.45" align="center"><span><strong>前言<o:p></o:p></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 29.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.45" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">　<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 29.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.45" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2003</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月始，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">霍大同</span></span></a></span>先生为<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>届<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">精神分析学</span></span></a></span>研究生开设&ldquo;小汉斯&rdquo;案例讨论。讨论的文本基于英文<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">《弗洛伊德全集》</span></span></a></span>标准版（第十卷）<span lang="EN-US">[The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume </span>&Chi;<span lang="EN-US">, Translated by James Strachey, London, 1955]</span>，每周一次，讨论的第一次，霍大同先生就讨论的时间安排、个案简况，讨论的理论等问题做了讲解，并进行了讨论。以后每次先由研究生读英文译文，霍先生用两个法文版<span lang="EN-US">[</span>其中一个法文版是：<span lang="EN-US">Sigmund Freud Oeuvres Compl</span>&egrave;<span lang="EN-US">tes Psychanalyse, Volume I</span>&Chi;<span lang="EN-US">, Directeur Scientifique: Jean Laplanche, Paris, 1998]</span>校正，然后，大多数情况下都是由译者先总结此次个案情况，最后进行讨论。这里的讨论正文记录，如果没有特别注明，均为霍先生课堂讲解。<span lang="EN-US">03</span>年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月至<span lang="EN-US">04</span>年<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月共进行了十四讲，其译文与讨论现全部整理出来。译文译者、讨论主要记录与整理人姓名，都已附于相关段落之后，此外，这批记录与整理稿还参考了邹静、赵敏、刘梅、姜余诸位女士、黄守全先生的记录原稿，这批翻译及讨论稿的最后统稿人是严和来先生。欢迎其他听了课的同学对此次整理提出修正和补充，以求完善。 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align="right"><span><font face="宋体">西安子析心理工作室&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span style="COLOR: #015385; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">http://www.zixixinli.com</span></a> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /></span></font><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US"><strong>弗洛伊德原著讨论班</strong></span></span></a><strong>&middot;&ldquo;小汉斯&rdquo;个案</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align="right"><span><strong></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align="right"><span><strong></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="center">&nbsp;</p>
</span></span></font>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2792322.html</guid>
<subject>心理治疗</subject>
<author>zixixinli</author>
<category>心理治疗</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2009 22:06:28 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>心理咨询师的三种境界</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2787196.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<div style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 5pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #dedfe1 1pt solid; mso-element: para-border-div; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DEDFE1 .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 15pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DEDFE1 .75pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 5.0pt 0cm" align="left"><a name="14"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3">心理咨询师</font></span></span></a></span></strong><font size="3"><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">的三种境界</span></strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 15pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #DEDFE1 .75pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 5.0pt 0cm" align="left"><font size="3"><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; --转自互联网</span></strong></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">　　处在第一种境界的</span><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US">心理咨询师</span></span></a></span></strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">，和他相处时，你会感觉他十分自信，性情比较张扬，很有锐气。他会非常乐意谈及他所获得的成就：职称，发表的文章或出版的书，以及经典的个案，在谈论中面有得色，同时尖锐地发表对不同观点的批评，和出现失误的同行的轻视。他的社会角色意识非常强，你能感到他确实以成为一个咨询师为荣，同时这个角色，也捆绑了他，使他对自己的着装、在公众场合的表现，别人对他的看法或批评，都表现出特别在意。这个阶段的咨询师还有一个明显的外在行为特点，就是老是忍不住要去指出别人的心理和个性问题所在，涉及的范围包括亲人、朋友、或同行。他们的意见大多时候是有见地的，你能感觉到他确实点到了问题所在，但不知为何，就是让人心里不舒服。也许，你直觉地了解到，他说这些并不是为了帮你，只是为了证明他自己的能力和优越感而已。常常地，此类行为影响了他的人际关系。这种类型的咨询师，在咨询过程中采用的常常是探究型和控制型的咨询方式，乐于使用各种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&ldquo;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">立竿见影</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&rdquo;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">的简快方法，出现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&ldquo;<a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US">野蛮分析</span></span></a>&rdquo;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">的时候比较多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">　　</span><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US">心理咨询师</span></span></a></span></strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在这一行里通过自身不断地学习，个人境界也常常在不断提高。这正是心理学的魅力所在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&mdash;&mdash;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">每一个全情投入于这一领域的人，最终自身也会获益良多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">　　到了第二种境界，</span><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US">心理咨询师</span></span></a></span></strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">拥有了更多的心理能量，自身的情结也解决了不少，他们成为了比一般人更健康的人，或者叫自我实现型人。他们肚子里面装了更多的知识和智慧，变得沉静下来。当你靠近他时，你可以感觉到他内在很自信，但这种自信已经不再给他人以压力。他不会主动谈及自己的成就，表现出低调和稳健。他神情内敛，对人和气，接近他就想靠近春天的太阳般的温暖和舒适。他明白自己的职业角色和本人真实自我的界限，也了解自身的局限。他从来没有想要把自己描述成一个没有缺点的完人。他可以坦然地谈及自己的不足之处。明白自身的弱点，已不能让他感觉到是一种威胁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">　　他断不会陡然指出别人的所谓的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US">心理问题</span></span></a></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">，尽管他能清楚地感觉到周围每个人的个性特点。在某个适当的时候，也许，他会通过某些委婉的方式让你明白你可能还存在着需要解决的心理情结。然而他的方式是如此隐晦和温和，以至于你不可能受到任何伤害，更不会让你在很多人面前难堪。你会感激地发现，他所说所做，基本上不是为了证明他自己，而是出于对他人真诚的关怀和爱。这样的心理咨询师，常常会得到很多人的爱戴和崇拜，即使是同行，也要禁不住要对他表示尊敬和欣赏。他们的人际关系就要比处于第一种境界的人好多了。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US">咨询</span></span></a></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">中，他采用的无论是哪种流派的方法，人本主义的精神都会贯穿始终。他的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US">咨询</span></span></a></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">过程表现出踏实和沉稳，追求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US">咨询</span></span></a></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">的质量胜过追求咨询的速度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">　　到了这一步，应该说已经达到了常人所无法企及的高度。然而我惊诧地发现，居然还有第三种境界。老子说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&ldquo;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">道可道，非常道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&rdquo;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">，叫我怎么来形容这样的咨询师呢？只能用我有限的文字来尝试描绘这无限的体会吧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&hellip;&hellip;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">就象小小的山丘，也羡慕着高山的风采啊！</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">　　第三种</span><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><span lang="EN-US">心理咨询师</span></span></a></span></strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">，他已经没有了角色的概念，整个人都和谐统一了，因而他并不会特意地装扮自己。当他出现在你面前时，你也许会觉得这是个特别朴实平凡的人。这时候的他，经过修炼和顿悟，已无所谓自信不自信，自卑不自卑，当你靠近他时，不能感觉到任何外显之气，只能感觉他的内心，就象大海般的深湛和平静。无论是直接的或委婉地，你都不会听到他对别人所下的结论或评判，他也断乎不会指出任何人的任何问题。哪怕他只是心神合一，静默少言地呆在那里，你也能感觉到从他身上发散的那种对全人类的悲悯之情。这博大的，完全没有偏见的，淡淡的无形之爱无声地影响着周围的人，令罪人在他面前也不觉羞惭。就象孩子绝不会因为在慈爱的父母面前露出生殖器而羞愧一样，你也绝不会因为在他面前自然地表现出弱点而羞愧。尽管他从来没有对你说过关于你的弱点和问题，但他是如此这般的深湛和平静，当你靠近他时，自然就会照出自己的影子，清清楚楚地知道，自己还有那些丑陋。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">到了这样的高度，他的存在就是一种治疗！一切的流派一切的技术都隐退了，只有这化育万物的精神存在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&hellip;&hellip;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt"><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">转自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/">http://www.zixixinli.com/<o:p></o:p></a></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 134.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2787196.html</guid>
<subject></subject>
<author>zixixinli</author>
<category></category>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2009 21:00:22 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>男人爱讲黄段子的心理分析</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2783594.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </span></p>
<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 男人爱讲黄段子的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/zxindex.asp"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">心理<span lang="EN-US">分析</span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 54.75pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/zxindex.asp"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">西安子析心理工作室</span></span></a></span><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">张红艳</span></span></a><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 54.75pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 54.75pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 13.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在这些黄段子中，讲的人往往会通过语言有意识地突出性事实和性关系。在讲的过程中他往往希望到听的人能意识到他的兴奋，同时自己也产生了兴奋。那些听了感到羞涩、难堪和脸红的人，既是反对这种兴奋的一种反映，也是对这种刺激的一种间接承接。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 13.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高度发达的现代文明和社会道德将我们的原始快乐压抑得越来越深，越来越不能在意识中得到表达。许多我们曾经觉得令人愉快的东西，现在却变得无法提及，同时还遭到的所有可能的心理能量的抵制。但对于个体来说，要真正抛弃这些乐趣是很难的。所以人们通过黄段子，在想象中来再现这些话中所谈到的隐喻的某种性的裸露和性行为的某个过程。在这种以想象的欲望取代看见的欲望的过程中完成了某种满足。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 13.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所以，我们发现那些经常爱讲些带颜色笑话的人常常被称作是&ldquo;光说不练的假把式&rdquo;，他们似乎生性快乐，爱开玩笑，诙谐幽默，喜欢拿别人开玩笑也愿意在他人的玩笑中哈哈一笑；临床上一些谨言慎行、不苟言笑的人，因为性的能量压抑的太深，如果在生活中不能有就一个合理的疏导更容易成为各种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">神经症</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/zxindex.asp"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">强迫症</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/zxindex.asp"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">抑郁症</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/zxindex.asp"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">恐惧症</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">焦虑症</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><a href="http://www.zixixinli.com/zxindex.asp"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">性心理方面</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的受害者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2783594.html</guid>
<subject>心理治疗</subject>
<author>zixixinli</author>
<category>心理治疗</category>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2009 10:25:35 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>开封“构建和谐平安漯河”--转自互联网</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2781434.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p align="center"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 32px" color="#ff0000">新版《官场现形记》之《开封漯河两地领导关于消防之讲话稿》</font></p>
<p align="center"><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=4cff417e0100chvy&amp;url=http://static9.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/4cff417eh65d31b0d2808" target="_blank"><img style="MAX-WIDTH: 500px" src="http://static9.photo.sina.com.cn/bmiddle/4cff417eh65d31b0d2808" alt="" /></a><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=4cff417e0100chvy&amp;url=http://static14.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/4cff417eh65d31cc292cd" target="_blank"><img style="MAX-WIDTH: 500px" src="http://static14.photo.sina.com.cn/bmiddle/4cff417eh65d31cc292cd" alt="" /></a></p>
<p align="center">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr></p>
<p>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#3300cc">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 由公安部消防局主办的&ldquo;中国消防在线&rdquo;网站上，河南开封消防支队与漯河消防支队的宣传稿件如出一辙，不同的是漯河政法委书记换成了开封市副市长，而开封市副市长的讲话中竟还有&ldquo;构建和谐平安漯河&rdquo;的字眼，被网友戏称为&ldquo;开封指导漯河工作&rdquo;。</font></p>
<p><strong><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　绝非巧合</font></strong></p>
<p><strong><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　1000多字稿件800字内容相同</font></strong></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　这两天，一个《领导山寨：惊曝不同市市长讲话稿竟一样》的帖子迅速传遍各大论坛。据网友爆料，在&ldquo;中国消防在线&rdquo;上，3月13日来源于&ldquo;河南开封消防支队&rdquo;，署名<strong>刘铁柱</strong>的稿件《开封市副市长：消防工作也是派出所的&ldquo;主业&rdquo;》，与3月4日来源于&ldquo;河南漯河消防支队&rdquo;，署名张建华的稿件《漯河政法委书记：防火监督是预防火灾的前沿阵地》内容竟然大同小异。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　在帖子中，网友贴出了两篇稿件的内容对比，其中&ldquo;开封稿&rdquo;中的一句话&ldquo;<font color="#ff0000">站在构建和谐平安漯河的高度&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;</font>还被网友用红笔圈了出来。帖子迅速引起上万网友的关注。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　水妖注意到，最早可以查到的相关内容，是3月16日网友&ldquo;黄瓜布衣&rdquo;发在大河论坛的帖子<font color="#ff0000">《可笑？可恨？政府报告一大抄，开封副市长讲话指导漯河工作》。</font>不过昨日再登录时，却看到该帖已被删除的信息。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　而登录&ldquo;中国消防在线&rdquo;也是同样的结果，在&ldquo;政府与消防&rdquo;宣传栏目中，3月13日的稿件中已看不到开封的这篇稿件，只有通过&ldquo;百度快照&rdquo;才可看到，而3月4日漯河的稿件仍可查阅。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　对比两篇稿件不难发现，分为四段的两篇千余字稿件中，前三段800余字除过时间、地点和人物不同外，内容几乎一字不差。&ldquo;最近一段时期，全国相继发生了多起恶性火灾事故，不仅给国家和人民生命财产造成严重损失，而且在社会上产生了较大的负面影响。纵观漯河(开封)全市消防安全工作总体情况，形势依然严峻、任务依然艰巨，稍有疏忽，就容易引发重特大火灾甚至群死群伤恶性火灾事故&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;&ldquo;开封稿&rdquo;中唯一的一处&ldquo;疏忽&rdquo;在第二段最后，一处&ldquo;漯河&rdquo;的字眼并未像段落中其他地方一样改成了&ldquo;开封&rdquo;，因而才会出现&ldquo;构建和谐平安漯河&rdquo;的破绽。</font></p>
<p><strong><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　网友辣评</font></strong></p>
<p><strong><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　这才是最雷人的&ldquo;雷同试卷&rdquo;</font></strong></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　■讨论声</font></p>
<ul>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> <font color="#cc0000">盗版还是剽窃啊？有还是没有啊？</font></font> </li>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#cc0000">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 毛主席几十年前就说过，反对党八股以整顿文风。</font> </li>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#cc0000">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 以前写工作计划、工作总结是最伤脑筋的事(小时候，自己最怕写作文)，现在有网络好办多了，几分钟搞掂，省了大量时间和精力。领导不会看，也没有时间看。</font> </li>
</ul>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　■调侃声</font></p>
<ul>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> <font color="#0000cc">符合节约型社会要求，资源共享不浪费嘛。</font></font> </li>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#0000cc">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 这才是最雷人的&ldquo;雷同试卷&rdquo;！当官讲话也太容易了！</font> </li>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#0000cc">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 雷同卷应该判断为作弊，取消该科成绩并且三年不得参加类似活动！</font> </li>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#0000cc">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 开封写稿的那人肯定不会使用word文档，不然可以用查找替换功能把&ldquo;漯河&rdquo;全部替换成&ldquo;开封&rdquo;，就不会露馅了。</font> </li>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#0000cc">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 秘书是一个学校的。</font> </li>
</ul>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　■反讽声</font></p>
<ul>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr><font color="#ff0000">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 楼主真是少见多怪，这算什么新闻。咱们从小学到中学、从大一到博后，都这么一路过来的。</font></font> </li>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#ff0000">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 这就叫统一思想、统一步调、统一讲话、统一文章。</font> </li>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#ff0000">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 贯彻上级精神，当然要一致啊，真是大惊小怪。</font> </li>
</ul>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　■喵喵终极点评</font></p>
<ul>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> <font color="#0000ff">拜托，抄也抄得专业些嘛！不过，唯一值得&ldquo;欣慰&rdquo;的是，道理总算是没有抄错。&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>主持人：水妖</font></font> </li>
    <li><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#0000ff">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> &ldquo;天下文章一大抄看你会抄不会抄&rdquo;</font> </li>
</ul>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　昨日，水妖与河南开封消防支队宣教中心负责人，同时也是&ldquo;开封稿&rdquo;作者刘铁柱取得联系，进行了对话。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　水妖(以下简称水)：能不能谈谈网上这件事。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　刘铁柱(以下简称刘)：是有抄袭这回事，不过不是我，是我们聘请的一位文字雇员发表后署的我的名字。我当时在许昌参加培训，根本不知道这篇稿件的情况。这个人是外聘的，现在已经被辞退了。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　水：他写稿子为什么署你名字呢？</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　刘：可能我知名度比较大吧(笑)。这很常见，经常有下面人写好了稿件署领导名字，或者共同署名。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　水：能不能和这位外聘人员联系一下？</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　刘：还是不要联系了，这个人平时很敬业，现在出了这件事，被批评还被解聘了很伤心。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　水：你是怎么知道这件事的？</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　刘：公安部消防局和省上有关领导已经知道这件事，我早上被叫去谈话才知道的。这件事能在网上火起来，可能是省内其他消防支队炒作(的结果)。这只是我的猜测，平时相互间竞争比较激烈。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　水：毕竟抄袭是不对的，否则别人也炒不起来啊。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">　　刘：是，这也是个经验教训。不过老实说，我们的宣传任务都很重，我的经验是&ldquo;天下文章一大抄，看你会抄不会抄&rdquo;。<strong><font color="#9900ff">这个稿子要不出现&ldquo;漯河&rdquo;两个字，别人也不会看出来。</font></strong></font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 刘铁柱的观点倒是有些出人意料，仔细想想，他的话也是句大实话，网络的存在大大方便了抄袭行为。领导讲话、入党申请书，甚至学位论文，抄袭的还少吗？随后，水妖在搜索引擎里试着键入了该稿件的一些字句，诸如&ldquo;汲取&times;&times;火灾事故教训，认真研判本地区消防安全形势，针对薄弱环节采取超常规措施&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;、&ldquo;消防安全工作，责任重大、任务艰巨&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;等字样在其他省市消防支队宣传文章中也并不鲜见。由此看来，抄袭不是一个人在行动！</font></p>
<p>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> <font style="FONT-SIZE: 16px" color="#ff0000">博主曰：开封市副市长刘铁柱真是布惭愧低直言：&ldquo;我的经验是&ldquo;天下文章一大抄，看你会抄不会抄&rdquo;。这个稿子要不出现&ldquo;漯河&rdquo;两个字，别人也不会看出来。&rdquo;按此理解，很多事情东窗事发是偶然的，只要布出现太明显的错误，问题是不会被发现或被曝光的。所以，不用担心，继续抄，曝光的毕竟少！</font></p>
<p>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr><font style="FONT-SIZE: 18px" color="#0000ff">&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 博主回想起去年9月份博主曾发表过一篇博文《<strong>错了2个字， 3人丢了官</strong>》讲的是四川巴中市政府办公室关于中秋节放假的通知，最后写成了&ldquo;确保人民群众度过一个祥和平安的<strong>端午节</strong>。&rdquo;被曝光的事情。办公室综合科正副科长被撤职。</font></p>
<p>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> <font style="FONT-SIZE: 18px" color="#ff00ff">由此博主还想到了这么一件事情：博主在上初中一年级时候，英语考试，博主同座英语几乎是狗屁不通，每次作业都抄袭，每次考试都偷看博主的。一次考试，其中一题为：what&rsquo;s your name ? 博主答曰：<strong>my name is bo zhu</strong> . 由于同位根本不懂问题的意思，就也抄袭了my name is bo zhu .结果自然可想而知。</font></p>
<p>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr></p>]]>
</description>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2781434.html</guid>
<subject></subject>
<author>zixixinli</author>
<category></category>
<pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2009 17:55:36 CST </pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>临终关怀--佚名</title>
<link>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/2779691.html</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&ldquo;临终关怀&rdquo;在我国是一个新概念，在现有的汉语词典中包括《辞海》和《辞源》中均查不到这个条目，它在中文文献中的广泛使用，是从</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1988</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月天津医科大学临终关怀研究中心正式成立开始的，迄今只有短短十几年的历史。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&ldquo;临终关怀&rdquo;译自英文的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">HOSPICE CRAE</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，英文同义词是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">PALLIATIVE CARE</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。目前在我国香港和台湾地区对</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">HOSPICE CARE</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的中文译法与大陆不同，香港译为&ldquo;善终服务&rdquo;，台湾译为&ldquo;临终照顾&rdquo;，还有将</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">HOSPICE CARE</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">译为舒缓疗护，虽然译法各异，但究其内涵则大同小异，都具有以下基本含义：</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、临终关怀服务是新兴的医疗保健服务项目</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代发展起来的一种新兴的医疗保健服务项目，指由医生、护士、心理学家、社会工作者、宗教人员和志愿者等多学科、多方面人员组成的团队提供的对晚期病人及其家属的全面照护，其宗旨是使晚期病人的生命质量得到提高，能够无痛苦、舒适、安祥和有尊严地走完人生的最后旅程，为人生画上完美的句号；同时，使晚期病人家属的身心健康得到保护和增强。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀作为一种新兴的医疗保健服务项目，具有以下显著特征：</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">㈠服务对象既包括晚期病人也包括晚期病人家属</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀基本服务对象</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&mdash;&mdash;</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">晚期病人的确定，与其他医学科学或其他医疗保健服务项目服务对象确定方法有所不同，晚期病人的确定不依据晚期病人的年龄，如儿科学（儿科）、老年病学（老年病科）等，也不是依据晚期病人所患的疾病种类或系统，如精神病学（精神病科）、传染病病学（传染病科）、内分泌学（内分泌科）等，而是依据晚期病人的生命发展阶段或状况确定的。不论是老年人、中年人、青年人，或是少年儿童、婴幼儿；也不论晚期病人患何种疾病，凡是在现有的医疗技术水平条件下，所患疾病已经没有被治愈的希望，而且不断恶化、濒临死亡，并被认定预期生命不超过六个月者，即视为晚期病人。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀服务不仅重视晚期病人，而且同时重视晚期病人家属，晚期病人家属同样具有重要的医疗保健价值。因为晚期病人家属面对亲人处于濒死状态或经历着丧失亲人的悲痛，他们不可避免地经历着&ldquo;丧失&rdquo;的痛苦和各种&ldquo;应激&rdquo;，身心健康受到威胁。在这种情况下，运用社会支援理论和实践做好晚期病人家属的关怀工作，使他们能够加强自我保护和自我调节，承受&ldquo;丧失&rdquo;的打击，接纳&ldquo;丧失的自我&rdquo;，以适应新生活，这对于保护和增进晚期病人的身心健康具有重要意义，符合&ldquo;生物一心理一社会一伦理&rdquo;医学模式对医疗保健服务的要求，同时也是建立和发展和谐社会的需要。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">㈡服务内容广泛、全面。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀服务不是单纯的医疗、护理服务，而是包括医疗、护理、心理咨询辅导、健康教育、死亡教育、精神和社会支援、居丧照护等多学科、多方面的综合性服务。因此，临终关怀服务是医疗保健服务高度专业化和全科化的统一。临终关怀的服务范围通话包括以下四个基本方面：</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒈疼痛和其他症状的控制；</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒉心理和精神关怀；</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒊社会支援；</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒋居丧照护。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">美国临终关怀专家托马斯&bull;威尔科（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Thomas A.Welk 1991</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）根据临终关怀服务具体内容所涉及的学科领域，将临终关怀服务范围分为生理、心理、社会和精神四个方面。在国外，临终关怀服务的精神心理方面一般指与宗教有关的服务项目和内容。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在那些已经将临终关怀服务正式纳入社会医疗保健服务体系的国家，通常对临终关怀服务有明确的规定。如美国的&ldquo;医疗照顾法案&rdquo;对临终关怀机构在服务范围方面必须具备的条件做了明确的规定，主要内容有：临终关怀机构必须经常性地向晚期病人及其家属直接提供医疗、护理、医学社会服务和临终心理咨询等&ldquo;核心服务&rdquo;。凡不具备直接提供&ldquo;核心服务&rdquo;的机构不能依法获得开展临终关怀服务的业务执照。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">㈢服务方式多样化、本土化</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从世界各国临终关怀服务项目的发展情况看，虽然临终关怀的概念与观念具有国际化的特征，但是临终关怀的服务方式却有显著的多样化和本土化特征。例如，在英国临终关怀服务以住院服务的方式为主，包括全日住院和日间住院；而美国则是采用以家庭临终关怀服务为主，住院为辅的服务类型；在中国临终关怀服务大多在综合性医院、专科医院和各种类型护理医院的专设病区或病房中开展，独立的临终关怀机构还比较少。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀服务机构类型多种多样，最常见的有以下三种：</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒈独立的临终关怀服务机构。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒉隶属医院或其他医疗保健机构的临终关怀病房或单元。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⒊家庭临终关怀服务机构。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在任何一个国家或地区临终关怀服务的基本方式的形成和发展，与该国家或地区的社会经济发展状况，文化背景、道德习俗和医疗保健服务体系密切相关。随着社会经济的进步与发展，科学技术水平的不断提高，世界各国间资本、知识和技术的流动，促使世界各国间不同民族、不同文化并存的现象进一步增加，因此临终关怀服务除了具有本土化的特点外，还具有多元化的特征。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀学是新兴的交叉学科</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本世纪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代以来，随着临终关怀运动在世界上越来越多的国家和地区广泛、深入地开展，临终关怀运动已成为一个新的科学研究领域，并逐渐形成一门以晚期病人的生理，心理发展规律和为晚期病人及其家属提供全面照护实践规律为主要研究对象的新兴交叉学科</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&mdash;&mdash;</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀学。临终关怀学由于其独特的研究对象，正如其他医学学科从&ldquo;大医学&rdquo;中分化，或与其他学科交叉形成新的学科一样，它的形成和发展具有客观必然性。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀学与医学、护理学、心理学、社会学、伦理学、宗教学和管理学、经济学等学科均有密切联系，并形成&ldquo;你中有我，我中有你&rdquo;的紧密交叉关系。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀学可分为&ldquo;临终医学&rdquo;、&ldquo;临终护理学&rdquo;．&ldquo;临终心理学&rdquo;、&ldquo;临终社会学&rdquo;、&ldquo;临终关怀管理学&rdquo;等分支学科。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了加强临终关怀学科建设，促进临终关怀学的发展，近年来，世界上一些临终关怀学科比较发达的国家和地区相继成立了临终关怀学术组织，如英国成立了临终关怀医学会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">APM</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、临终关怀注册理疗师协会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">ACPPC</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、临终关怀管理者协会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">AHA</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、临终关怀牧师协会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">AHC</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、临终关怀社会学协会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">AHSW</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、临终关怀志愿者协会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">AHVSC</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），美国成立了全国临终关怀组织（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">NHO</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、美国临终关怀学会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">AAH</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），加拿大成立了全国临终关怀教育委员会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">CCPCE</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），新加坡成立了临终关怀学会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">HCA</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），中国香港成立了善终服务促进会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">SPHC</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1993</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年我国正式成立了全国性临终关怀学术组织</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&mdash;&mdash;</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国心理卫生协会临终关怀专业委员会。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">随着临终关怀事业的不断发展，这一领域已经引起了社会各界的广泛关注。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，中国生命关怀协会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Chinese Association for Life Care </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）成立大会在人民大会堂隆重举行。该协会是在是在原卫生部陈敏章部长夫人李家熙、吴蔚然、耿德章、崔以泰等四位教授的发起和倡导下成立的，遵照陈敏章部长的遗愿，将致力于生命关怀事业。协会为全国性、非营利性社会团体，独立社团法人，其业务由卫生部直接主管。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国生命关怀协会是由从事老年医疗护理和临终关怀服务的医务工作者、志愿者、法律工作者及关心生命关怀事业的社会各界热心人士组成。这一协会的成立，标志着中国的生命关怀事业迈出了历史性的一步，而临终关怀作为生命关怀的重要组成部分，也因此受到了应有的重视。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1988</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月国际临终关怀医师学会（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">AHP</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）正式成立，首任会长由英国籍临终关怀专家担任，总部设在美国佛罗里达州。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目前正式出版的国际性临终关怀领域学术杂志有：《临终关怀杂志》（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">The Hospice Journal</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、《临终关怀与姑息治疗杂志》（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Journal of Hospice &amp; Palliative Care</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、《临终关怀》（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Hospice</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、《临终关怀通讯》（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Hospice Bulletin</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、《临终医学》（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Palliative Care</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）等。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">临终关怀学作为一门新兴学科，近年来在英国、美国、加拿大、香港、台湾等国家和地区相继被许多高等医学院校的医学和护理专业，列为学历教育的必修课或选修课。我国天津医科大学护理学院和成教人教育学院现已将《临终护理学》和《临终关怀学》列入医学、护理学专业的必选课程，并将《临终护理学》课程列入天津医科大学与澳大利亚维多利亚科技大学联合培养护理学硕士合作项目必修课程。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年由天津医科大学史宝欣主编的护理专业本科教材《临终护理》入选国家&ldquo;十一五&rdquo;规划教材，说明了临终关怀作为一门新兴的学科在国内学术界已经得到了广泛的认可。尽年来国内还出版了大量关于临终关怀各个领域的学术专著，从另一个侧面说明了临终关怀学科的社会需求。</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>]]>
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<subject></subject>
<author>zixixinli</author>
<category></category>
<pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2009 13:18:30 CST </pubDate>
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