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<title><![CDATA[职业教育●BLOG]]></title>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://zjucce.blog.bokee.net"/>
<modified>2006-10-03T00-11-05 GMT+08:00</modified>
<tagline type="text/html" mode="escaped"><![CDATA[财富价值]]></tagline>
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<copyright>Copyright (c) 2005,  zjucce</copyright>


<entry>
<title>企业如何定销售目标，听听专家的建议</title>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/408239.html"/>
<issued>2006-11-29T12-58-53 GMT+08:00</issued> 
<created>2006-11-29T12-58-53 GMT+08:00</created>
<modified>2006-11-29T19-43-00Z</modified>
<id>tag:zjucce.blogchina.com,2005://408239</id>
<author>
<name>zjucce</name>
<url>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/zjucce.html</url>
</author>
<dc:subject>财智课堂</dc:subject>
<content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="zh_CN" xml:base="http://www.bokee.net"> 
<![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 企业有了一定的资本、规模后，不能老是只盯着眼前，知足常乐。所谓人无远虑，必有近忧，商场如战场，任何一时的疏忽，都可能导致失败。凡事预则立，导入先进的管理体系是非常必要的。在物资相对充盈的情况下，营销对企业发展至关重要，销售部门往往成为一个企业的要害部门。先进的销售管理体系，就显得尤为重要。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img style="WIDTH: 388px; HEIGHT: 290px" height="127" alt="" width="184" align="left" src="/userfilemodule/download.do?action=reference&amp;id=247120&amp;bokeeName=zjucce" />日前，夸克（中国）企业顾问公司的王磊，在浙江大学经济学院MBA高级研修班上课时，谈到了企业销售目标的制定，需要有一整套量化的管理基础。</p>
<p><strong>神童棋手为什么赢不了普通大人 </strong></p>
<p>大人与小孩的游戏　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一个被誉为神童的小棋手，与一个普通大人下棋。虽然刚开始能占上风，但最后往往还是会输给大人。事实上，可能这个普通大人棋艺远不如神童，但他偏偏就能赢神童。问题出在哪呢？归根结底，大人的经验远远多于神童，可能只是稍稍耍了一些手段，神童就会惊慌失措、败下阵来。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这神童就好比当前中国大多数正在成长中的企业，大人就好比国外一些发展较为成熟的企业。我们中国的企业缺乏的，可能就是所谓的经验和科学的管理机制。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 其实，现实中也不乏这类大人与小孩的较量。国产洗衣粉雕牌，三年销售额就达到了80亿，而宝洁的汰渍，花了10年才有30亿的销售额。在这种情况下，宝洁用了三年的时间策划了&ldquo;射雕行动&rdquo;，他们用自己的管理方式，实现了赶超的目标。　　&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这说明我们的企业在管理上还不够成熟，在营销计划的制定上还没有系统的流程和程序。很多时候，销售目标还仅仅是企业管理者感性的口号。　　</p>
<p>让十个工人来造奔驰　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 中国的企业往往这样来制定销售目标：我们公司年度目标是10个亿，有三个产品，每一个产品将要在特定的区域达到一定的销售额。事实上，这是一个营销分解表。营销计划的量化不仅仅是数字的问题，首先要建立系统化的流程。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &ldquo;铁打的营盘流水的兵&rdquo;，可能很多企业都认为销售员比较重要，因为他们每个人的手中都可能掌握着企业的重要客户。老板重视销售部，销售部的收入也远远高于其他部门。但是，这当中最大的问题是，享受高薪的销售人员很可能跳槽或者自己开公司，很多企业诞生，就是老总从另一个地方跳出来另起炉灶。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 企业运作中往往有这样两种模式，一种是农业化：把一百亩田分给十个农民，每个农民都有一定的指标，如果每个农民都达到指标就能达成总的目标，即使有一两个无法达成，多多少少还是有收成的；一种是工业化：在一个汽车厂中，有的工人负责组装，有的工人负责喷漆，有的工人负责制造轮胎&hellip;&hellip;这当中任何一个环节出现问题都将无法制造出汽车，无法达成目标。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 农业化模式，十个农民所达到的最多是十倍的产量，它稳定但是低效；工业化模式，十个工人能把两吨铁制作成一辆奔驰，它风险大但是高效。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 目前，中国的很多企业是工业化的组织机构，却是农业化的分配机制，导致销售人员会认为自己的贡献最大，不愿意调动工作岗位，整体积极性不协调。而企业必然还有其他的部门，这可能会让其他部门工作消极，部门之间不配合，使得整体的工作效率低下。导致很多企业出现只有销售部强，其它部门都弱的状况。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 我们的企业要让十个工人来造奔驰，就必须有系统的流程，企业才能根据实际情况制定真正的较为科学的年度营销目标。那么，全年的销售到底如何来达成呢？这就涉及到一个称作ADP的模型公式。　　</p>
<p>销售目标这样确定　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 可口可乐的&ldquo;3A理论&rdquo;告诉我们，要想达成交易必须满足三个要素，即&ldquo;愿意买、买得到、买得起&rdquo;。如果哪个公司能解决这三个问题，就会达到最大的销售额。事实上，这也就是态度、分销、性价的问题，就是ADP。通常来讲，我们每年都会设定一定的销售指标，这个指标必须有科学的衡量公式作为基准。毕竟，当市场达到一定程度的时候，光给销售员施加压力是不可能达到目标的。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在这个公式中，A代表客户的态度，比如作为生产油漆涂料添加剂的企业，客户的态度就是所有油漆厂对你的态度。要想达到一定的销售目标，就必须要让客户将你的产品作为第一选择。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 那么，怎样来达到这个目标呢？这就涉及到渠道管理问题，也就是&ldquo;D&rdquo;，这是一个三维的销售渠道。它包括分销度、终端表现、渠道满意度。传统观念上，只是销售员在维护、搭建这个渠道，同时宣传自己的产品。而量化管理认为，它还包括产品覆盖情况、销售人员的表现、渠道的满意度等，只需要简单测量一下这三个数，就能大概知道努力的方向在哪里，并能做出一定的判断和预测。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 公式中的P，也就是性价。在中国，性价中的性不仅指产品质量，还包括回扣、服务等问题。你的产品好、回扣高，代理商才会乐意代理你的产品。企业在对现实情况进行评估的同时，根据市场不断进行改进和提高，才能获得更多的占有率。　　</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 事实上，年度营销计划并不是把工作分为多少多少块，而是怎样来达到这些目标。 </p>]]>
</content>
</entry>

<entry>
<title>如何建立终身学习的习惯 </title>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/305110.html"/>
<issued>2006-10-05T20-57-24 GMT+08:00</issued> 
<created>2006-10-05T20-57-24 GMT+08:00</created>
<modified>2006-10-05T20-57-13Z</modified>
<id>tag:zjucce.blogchina.com,2005://305110</id>
<author>
<name>zjucce</name>
<url>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/zjucce.html</url>
</author>
<dc:subject>经典文摘</dc:subject>
<content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="zh_CN" xml:base="http://www.bokee.net"> 
<![CDATA[<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">现代社会是一个生理寿命延长，知识寿命缩短的社会。住过去四十年间，我国人民的平均寿命约延长二十岁。目前男的平均寿命已达七十二岁，女性的平均寿命已达七十八岁，而且个人的平均寿命还会继续不断的延长。结果我国老年人的人口已经超过百分之七，成为一个高龄化的社会。昔日传统社会为求长寿仙丹，以延长谆命的期望，现在已逐渐成为不必仙丹也可见到的事实。相对地，现代社会的知识寿命却大为缩短。不但以一本书治天下的时代已经过去，而且个人用十几年接受教育所得的知识，竟然也含在短短的期间就已过时。姑不论一般知识的价值，就连高级的专业知识，约在五年内也会失去价值。高级科学技术、医学知识、心理知识</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">&hellip;&hellip;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">等，约在五年之间就已更新。一个在某一领域很有学问，或有充足专业知识的人，如果停滞不再学习，在五年之间，马上就进入所谓的「知识半衰期」。换句话说，他的基础知识仍然可用，其它约有一半的人类新知则已完全落伍。在这种知识寿命缩短的社会，如果个人不再学习，一定落伍。如果停止学习的时间太久，则活得愈老，可用的知识愈陈旧，愈与社会脱节，愈没有活力。如果不断学习，则脑力激荡愈频繁，理念愈新，个人的生命力愈强，社会的活力也愈丰沛。过去很多学者用过很多名词描迷人类社会。这些名词包括开发中社会、开发社会、富裕社会、民主社会、开放社会、福利社会等。这些名词都有它们形成的时代背景。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">从一九六</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">年代以来，另一盛行于世界各地的名词，则为学习社会（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">the learning society</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">）。学习社会就是生理寿命大为延长、知识寿命大为缩短的社会所形成的。人生已经不能截然分为接受教育及从事工作两个阶段：个人自少至老都要不断的学习。我国所谓活到老，学到老的说法，显得特别有意义。更重要的是：学校只是学习的一种场所，其它还有很多非正规和非正式的学习管道。在学习社会中，考试、资格与文凭，虽然仍有价值，但是它们的价值渐失其绝对性，仅有相对的意义。在学习社会中，一辈子的学习是一个累积经验的创意过程，而不是一个外烁的、充满压力的受教过程。在学习社会中，个人应该活得更积极、更客观、更前瞻、更健康。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">在学习社会中，有三件事情变得特别重要。第一件是建立终身教育（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">life long education</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">）的体系。如果大家都要终身学习，而社会仍然用传统的学校施教，当然不能满足社会的需要。从一九六五年开始，联合国教科文组织就倡导终身教育。目前除了学校教育配合终生教育理念予以改革外，各类开放学习管道、各类新型态教育机构、及各类非正式教育管道，都与改革后的学校教育，建立一个完整有机的终生教育体系。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">第二件事情则是第二次教育机会（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">education for second chance</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">）的理念大为盛行，措施也日趋普遍。个人因为下列十一项原因，都需要获得第二次教育机会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">: <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">寿命的延长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">新知的获得</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">职业的转换；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、以前学习失败后的再学习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、工作后教育的延续</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、停止工作后再工作的需要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、专业成长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、社会地位的提升</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、职业、工作成长过程中的升迁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、教育机会均等的需求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">、休闲及维护个人尊严的需要。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">基于以上的需要，除了少数没有学习意愿者外，大部分的社会成员都在要求第二次接受教育的机会。因此，大部分进步的国家都为提供第二次教育机会，发展新途径，提供新管道。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">学习社会的第三件重要事情，是建立回流教育（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">recunent education</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">）体系。众多离开学校，工作有成，再想回到学校就读的社会成员，常常求助无门。要求他们通过年轻朋友所需通过的人学考试，更是他们的心头重担。考试的目的应是肯定个人的成就，发展个人的潜能，而不是考出个人的缺陷，挫伤个人的学习动机。回流教育的目的就在使人学管道多元化，使个人或家庭早日脱离升学主义的梦魇，让个人能在学习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">--</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">工作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">--</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">学习之间，走出快乐的康庄大道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">而不要在狭窄的升学管道中，制造无谓、孤寂、繁杂的个人、家庭及社会问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">如果我们要为未来的社会与教育有一幅新的图像</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">它是一个人人在处处一辈子终身学习的学习社会。在这种社会中，结合正规学校、非正规教育机构、及非正式教育环境的终身教育体系明显存在。每个人都可以有第二次、第三次、甚至第四、第五次的学习机会。回流教育体系的建立，使个人在一段时间工作后，有便捷的管道再回到学校接受教育。升学主义的不当枷锁及长年累月为升学准备的测验煎熬将离我们而去！重要的是：徒有合理、进步的教育体系，不足以自行。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">社会成员要建立终身学习的习惯，才能真正建立学习社会，并发挥其功能。以下对于如何培养终身学习的习惯，提出八项具体的建议：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">第一，个人建立主动学习的意愿、态度及能力，是建正学习社会的王要条件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">我国教育长期以外在的压力，要求学生学习升学所需要的测验内容，相对忽略主动学习的动机吸能力。结果，社会最畅销的书是补习参考书，学生及成年人有意再接受教育者，接触最多的不是他们喜爱的书或信息，而是为考试补习用的参考书或考古题解答。这对开放社会的发展，应目二种警讯。我们的社会亟待在校内及校外，培养主动学习的动机、态度及能力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">第二，个人应该熟悉多元的学习管道。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">目前知识膨胀的社会，快速出版的国家以半年的时间，就可以出版传统社会一世纪的出版物。而且各种出版物形形色色，不一而足。除了迅速出版的书刊以外，录像带、播音、电视、函授、参观、活动参与、计算机网络、光盘数据库</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">&hellip;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">等，都是大家学习的媒介与管道。尤其是信息高速公路完成以后，校内、各校区、各区域、及世界各地紧密连接而成的信息网络，将使信息的传输、流通、与交换，成为垂手而及的简易事情。在这极社会中，选择单一管道学习的人，容易闭塞与孤寂；熟悉多元学习管道的人，则易开放与快乐。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">第三，想要终身学习的人，就要掌握各种学习的机会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">当第二次教育的需要形成，而机会也存在的时候。千万不要犹豫，一定要赶快踏出第一步。一次有名的演讲公告时，赶快空出时间准备听讲：需要学计算机的时候，千万不要嫌自己太老而不学</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">一次动人的音乐演奏，千万不要去省少数的人场费</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">一次多年完成的进修机会，千万不要丧失自己的斗志。掌握每一吹学习的机会，个人心灵的富有，将是生命力的源头活水。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">第四，从事学历与文凭以外的学习，也是人生的一大快事。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">在国人的观念中，学习与获得学历或文凭几乎被划了等号：获得学历与文凭以外的学习，也就被认为较次要的事情。在学习社会中，学历与文凭已逐渐失去其绝对的价值，社会成员也会重新评量学历与文凭的真正功能。乐于从事学历与文凭以外的学习，是养成终身学习习惯的重要途径。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">第五，乐于具情并能充分运用必要的器材。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">在传统社会中，一想到学习，就想到念书。一想到念书，就想到买书或借书，以致全家都是书，皓首穷经，而成为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">学者。家里的书如果不够，也要到图书馆查阅好久，才找到资料。现代社会的景象是：在很多大学中，教授与学生可以便捷地从宿舍或研究室查阅全部书目，可以利用电子邮件交换讯息，可以和世界相同领域熟悉或不熟悉的学者笔谈。个人进人自动化的图书馆，等于造人一个世界性的信息站</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">造人设备良好的视听中心，也可以在不干扰别人的情况下径自学习或交互讨论学习。养成良好的读书习惯，仍然是终身学习重要的一环，但是「书」仅是信息的一种，其它还有很多信息任君选择，取之不尽，用之不竭。在这种环境中，具备部分器材如计算机并有充分运用的能力是必备的。事实上，在现代社会中，书香社会已有新的意义。书香不仅可以透过传统古籍传扬芬芳，更可以经由现代科技提升人的生活境界与精神文明。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">第六，个人不仅要有迅速获得信息的习惯，更要有汇整与批判信息的习惯。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">现代社会的最大特质是信息多，传输快，个人获得各种信息至为便捷。问题是各种信息全都成为思考与判断的素材，而不是放之四海而皆准的至理名言。现代信息与知识的「相对」价值，达到空前的地步。汇整与批判各类信息的能力，是现代人应该具备的重要能力。我国古话说，尽信书不如无书。现代社会的现象是：尽信信息不如没有信息。汇整与判断后，赋予信息的意义，发现与发明新事物，并形成部分睿智，才是人生最有意义的事情。我们都应该掌控信息，而不应该被信息所迷惑，更不应该被信息所奴役！</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">第七，终身学习的内涵是整体的，而不仅是知识的学习。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">知识是可以终身学习最明显的一部分，但它不是整体。用最简易的话说，终生学习的内涵可以包罗万象。终身学习、终身运动、终身反省应该是人生三宝。将终身学习的习惯，用诸终身运动，可以延年益寿。将终生学习的习惯，用诸终身反省，可以减少个人烦恼，也可以减少社会乱象，促进祥和。大家都应该运用这人生三宝，来发挥自己的潜能，增富人类生命的活力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">第八，养成终身学习的习惯，要让学习动机与学习成就，循环作用，相互回馈。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">终身学习的习惯，首先源自一种理念，以后在每一个阶段学习有成，更会加强这种理念，促成更多的学习成就。当它成为一种坚定不移的行为型态时，就是个人快乐的时候，也是社会进步的契机。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">总之，我国社会即将成为学习社会。在形成学习社会的阶段，政府有责任推动终身教育体系，建立回流教育制度，满足众多社会成员的第二吹教育需求。社会成员也有责任养成终身学习的习惯，让上述的终生教育体系有用，也让自己成为更长寿、更睿智、更有人品的社会成员。政府与人民在这方面的共同努力，会让我们的社会在富裕，开放以后，获得稳定成长与迈开大步的精神动力。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">转载《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a href="http://cko.icxo.com/" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font color="#000000">首席知识官</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a href="http://www.icxo.com/" target="_blank"><font color="#000000">ICXO.COM</font></a> </span></span></p>]]>
</content>
</entry>

<entry>
<title>学习概念的十大转变</title>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/305101.html"/>
<issued>2006-10-05T20-51-13 GMT+08:00</issued> 
<created>2006-10-05T20-51-13 GMT+08:00</created>
<modified>2006-10-05T20-53-20Z</modified>
<id>tag:zjucce.blogchina.com,2005://305101</id>
<author>
<name>zjucce</name>
<url>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/zjucce.html</url>
</author>
<dc:subject>经典文摘</dc:subject>
<content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="zh_CN" xml:base="http://www.bokee.net"> 
<![CDATA[<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">&nbsp;&nbsp; 进入知识经济时代，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&ldquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">学习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">这一概念的内涵和外延正在不断地丰富、扩大，从终身学习，到学习型社会、学习型组织，再到学习型城市、学习型企业、学习型家庭。现在，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&ldquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">学习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">这一概念与传统意义上学习的概念已发生了根本性的转变。这种转变，归纳起来，我认为有这样十个方面：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></strong></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">一、在学习态度（认识）上，从过去被动的要我学逐步转变为我要学</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /></span></strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">过去把学习当成一种负担，一种包袱，为父母而学，为老师而学，为考试晋升而学，学习是被动的：进入知识经济时代，人们对学习的态度，对学习的认识有了较大的提高，人们逐步认识到学习是为了生存，为了发展，是为了实现人生的价值，活出生命的意义。所以，学习已成为市场竞争取胜的法宝，成为人们生活的重要组成部分，成为生活的一种需要，一种乐趣。学习是主动的，自觉的，积极的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">二、在学习时间上，从过去阶段性的学校学习转变为贯穿人一生的终身学习</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">传统意义上的学习，认为在学校里的学习才是学习，学习的目的是为了升学、考试、晋升，在时间上具有阶段性；进入知识经济时代，人的一生，从生到死的整个过程都是学习的过程，活到老，学到老，学习是为了适应快速剧变的社会变化。未来不可知，成为学习的强大动力；在时间上具有终身性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">三、在学习内容上，从过去学科学技术为主逐步转变为对人文科学的学习为主</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">过去由于物质匮乏、短缺，人们学习的内容主要是以制造物质的硬件（科学技术）为主；进入知识经济时代，物质从短缺到相对过剩，人们的学习内容也有了新的变化，逐步转向了关于人本身的学问，主要是了解人的体系：人的行为、人的思考，人与人之间的沟通、协作、相处以及复杂而微妙的互动关系，是一种软科学（即人文科学）。这种人文科学院是指个人和群体对于自我认识和自我反思最贴切、最直接的学问。以人性生产的产品和以人性需要的服务将受到欢迎。以人为本将成为一切发展的主旋律。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">四、在学习重点上，从过去以学为重点转变为以习为重点</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">过去的学习，偏重学知识，学科学，学技术，学文化，偏重于理念的获得与理解，即偏重于脑力的活动，重点在学；进入知识经济时代，学习则偏重于知识的运用，偏重于人的全面素质的提高，偏重于演练，偏重于手的活动，偏重于能力的培养，因为任何能力的培养，都需要不断的练习，才能逐步提高，重点在习，习比学更重要。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">五、在学习的难点上，从改造客观世界为主转变为改造主观世界为主</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span></strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">俗话说：江山好改，本性难移。这里的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&ldquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">江山</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">指的是客观世界；这里的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&ldquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">本性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">是指人们的心智模式，心理素质、思维方式。过去是在改造客观世界的同时改造主观世界；进入知识经济时代，应该把这句话倒过来，应在改造主观世界的同时改造客观世界。经济的发展，从农业经济到工业经济，再到知识经济，物质已从短缺到相对过剩，经济的发展还在加速，人们的经济生活已经发生了翻天覆地的变化；但人们的心智模式，心理素质、思维方式的改变以及人们的素质的全面提高则大大落后于经济的发展。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">六、在学习方法上，从过去记背为主转变为运用为主</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">学习的方法大体上包括这样四种：书中学、做中学、玩中学、游中学。过去注重书中学，注重书本知识的学习，理念的学习，考试的内容是看你认识了多少字，背出了多少书，多者分数就高，少者分数就低，学习者只得死记硬背，照本宣科，依样画葫芦；进入知识经济时代，强调的是知识的运用，因为实践的体验，实务的经验尤为重要。实践才能增长才干。曾有一位学者发现，外国学生问老师：我做得好不好？而中国学生问老师却是：我做得象不象？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">七、在学习手段上，从过去静态的单元的为主转变为动态的多元的为主</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">过去的学习手段是：书本、纸和笔，是静态的单一的；进入知识经济时代，学习的手段除书本、纸和笔外，使用更多的是电视、电脑、多媒体等动态的多元的学习手段。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">八、在学习的对象上，从个体学习为主转变为团队学习为主</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">过去学习好象是个人的事，与别人关系不大，学习以个人为主；进入知识经济时代，强调的是团队学习，如果个人智商都很高，为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">120</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，但团队整体的智商却只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">62</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">；在快速剧变的市场经济竞争中，这个团队肯定要失败的。因而在今天，高素质的团队就显得尤为重要。只有集思广益、相濡以沫、配合默契的团队才能战胜对手，取得成功。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">九、在学习形式上，从单一的正规学习形式为主转变为多种学习形式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span></strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">现在的学习形式，基本上有三种：正规学习，非正规学习，非正式学习。所谓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&ldquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">正规学习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">主要是指在学校的学历教育；所谓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&ldquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">非正规学习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，主要是指岗位学习、文件学习、听报告讲座、项目学习等，这种以单项为主的学习，有的还可以取得相应的学习结业证书；所谓的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&ldquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">非正式学习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，主要是指做中学、玩中学、游中学，如股市沙龙、读书活动、聚会、跳舞、唱歌、打球、书法、绘画等等的学习。过去的学习，主要是在学校的学历学习；进入知识经济时代，人们的学习已从学校阶段性的学习转变成终身学习。学习除了正规学习以外，更多的是非正规学习、非正式学习。非正规学习和非正式学习，往往是一种爱好学习，兴趣学习。这种爱好学习，兴趣学习往往贴近于人的个性，有利于个人潜能的自由发挥，培养出各种专门人才。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">十、在学习的评估上，从以分数为主转变为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">&ldquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">绩效</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">为主</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <br /></span></strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">过去评估学习的优劣，只注重分数，而忽视能力，忽视知识的应用；进入知识经济时代，评估学习既要看分数，更要看效果，所以用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&ldquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">绩效</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&rdquo;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">二字。学习效果，主要是看对知识的综合运用能力、创新能力所产生的成果。小的如小改小革，小发明，小创造，写出有一定质量的总结、报告、论文等；大的如科学发现、新的创造、重大革新，高质量的学术报告、学术论文等。如果考试分数占绩效的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">40%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的话</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">则创新成果应占绩效的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">60%</span> 。</p>
<p>转载<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a target="_blank" href="http://cko.icxo.com/"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’"><font color="#000000">首席知识官</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-hansi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-bidi-font-family: ’Times New Roman’; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.icxo.com/"><font color="#000000">ICXO.COM</font></a> </span></p>]]>
</content>
</entry>

<entry>
<title>职业成功的1000定律</title>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_viewEntry/299607.html"/>
<issued>2006-10-02T01-11-39 GMT+08:00</issued> 
<created>2006-10-02T01-11-39 GMT+08:00</created>
<modified>2006-10-04T10-47-59Z</modified>
<id>tag:zjucce.blogchina.com,2005://299607</id>
<author>
<name>zjucce</name>
<url>http://www.bokee.net/blogmodule/weblogcomment_index/zjucce.html</url>
</author>
<dc:subject>经典文摘</dc:subject>
<content type="text/html" mode="escaped" xml:lang="zh_CN" xml:base="http://www.bokee.net"> 
<![CDATA[<p>职业成功的1000定律</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 不管是普通一线操作的员工，还是高智力的CEO，能否在工作中表现优异，取决于四个方面：知识、技能、经验和态度。知识涉及其知识结构，一般表现在学历和所接受的教育程度上，大约占录取信效度（获得信任）的25%；技能主要考察其职业专长和优点，大约占录取信效度的15%；经验表现为从业阅历和工作体验，即对所从事工作的熟悉程度，大约占录取信效度的20%；态度较为复杂，涉及价值观、人格和心理因素，但主要考察其对工作的热情、专注、强烈的学习欲望，以及爱好和兴趣，可以用动机、理想、信念和信仰来评价，一般占录取信效度的40%。这四个方面中，态度所占比重最大，为什么呢？知识、技能、经验是取得成绩的基础，态度取决于贡献的势能和创造性张力，是取得成绩的关键。在职业成功方面有一个&ldquo;1000定律&rdquo;，即知识、技能和经验分别代表1后面的3个零，而态度则代表3个零前面的1。这说明工作态度决定一切，没有好的工作态度，后面的零再多再好，也将永远是零。那么作为一名咨询顾问应具备什么样的&ldquo;1000定律&rdquo;呢</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一、咨询顾问的知识结构</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 宽泛的知识领域是咨询顾问知识结构的首要条件。因为咨询顾问是个复合性人才，必须具有三门以上的理论专长和相关丰富的阅历。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 咨询顾问必须以MBA的专业知识为基础，因为MBA所培训的人才是总经理人才，其内容涉及管理学、经济学、金融、统计、财务等。在当今日益复杂的企业系统中，必须能站在企业高层管理的高度来总揽全局，把握发展。另外还必须涉猎一些其他人文科学，如社会学、心理学、政治学、哲学、文学和历史等，甚至还必须熟悉一两门自然科学。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 如果咨询顾问的知识结构是&ldquo;T&rdquo;型的话，&ldquo;宽泛的知识领域&rdquo;是&ldquo;T&rdquo;上边的一横，越宽越好，而且其宽度往往决定深度。MBA专业知识是&ldquo;T&rdquo;型的竖立支撑，当然越专越强，自然越好。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 二、咨询顾问的专业技能</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 咨询顾问所从事的大量工作，都是分析和规划的工作，主要针对问题的解决和决策分析，其专业技能主要是思维方法。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 咨询顾问的专业技能，必须超越一般管理者的思维局限，主要包括五个方面：现状和形势判断、问题因果分析、决策分析和制定、执行计划和评估、策略化创新。这五个方面是能否做好管理咨询工作的基本要求。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 三、咨询顾问的经验阅历</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 涉足并熟悉三个以上的工作领域，既然咨询顾问是个复合型人才，他所学习的多理论领域不足以代表他的优势，必须加上实际的工作体验，才能验证他对所学习的理论的掌握程度。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 能独立地思考和开展企业高层管理工作。咨询顾问一般要求在三个或三个以上的领域有过较深入的工作经历，在企业中独立担任过较重要的部门主管，涉及高层管理者的思考范围和角度，这些都证明能否独立地开展工作。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 四、咨询顾问的工作态度</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 咨询顾问的第一个工作态度，要具备极强的责任感和使命感。因为管理咨询面对的都是社会的精英，即&ldquo;企业家&rdquo;，他们都是社会财富的创造者，咨询顾问要对他们的行为产生重要的影响。企业家的行为所带来不是几万几十万的收益和损失，而是百万千万，甚至上亿的收益和损失，决定着企业的命运，所以极强的责任感和使命感是咨询顾问首要的工作态度。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 咨询顾问首先是个靠脑力吃饭的，具有挑战性很强的职业，稳定的环境不是职业咨询顾问所追求的，非强烈的事业心和执着精神难成其气候。因此愿意挑战自我是咨询顾问的第二工作态度。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 咨询顾问的工作特征是节奏感很强，且压力很大的职业，非敬业和狂热的工作气质难以担其重任。因此强烈的工作心态和敬业精神是咨询顾问的第三工作态度。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 咨询顾问第四个工作态度应该是专业。因为管理咨询所面对的客户问题越来越复杂化，没有专业的技能和专业的工作态度是很难解决其实际问题的，特别是生死存亡的重大问题。专业意味着严密，甚至苛刻，没有严肃专业的工作态度是难以胜任咨询顾问工作的。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 咨询顾问第五个工作态度是独立。独立的工作态度就是不依赖任何人，能独立开展工作和完成任务的自信。因为咨询顾问在开展工作时所面对的问题千差万别，独立开展工作的信心是决定其在工作时能否创造业绩的关键。（这一定程度上要求咨询顾问本人，在企业高层管理或独立承担某一重要工作任务的工作经验，可能经历挫折对其做工作的信心是一种考验。俗语：不经风雨难以成大事，就是这个道理。）</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 咨询顾问第六个工作态度是彻底。彻底的工作态度就是在针对客户企业所存在的问题实施解决的时候，不但要解决企业现实的、表面化的问题，更重要的是要解决企业未来的、根本性的问题。要切记，行程百步九十半，作为管理咨询顾问，彻底的工作态度是其基本素质之一。</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; （作者：魏中杰，略有修改）</p>]]>
</content>
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